Nature Immunology最新文献

{"title":"Iron cleaves GSDMD","authors":"Ioana Staicu","doi":"10.1038/s41590-026-02608-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41590-026-02608-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19032,"journal":{"name":"Nature Immunology","volume":"27 8","pages":"1531-1531"},"PeriodicalIF":26.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148605519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ILC2 influence pancreatic fibroblasts","authors":"Laurie A. Dempsey","doi":"10.1038/s41590-026-02609-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41590-026-02609-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19032,"journal":{"name":"Nature Immunology","volume":"27 8","pages":"1531-1531"},"PeriodicalIF":26.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148605528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human lungs maintain tissue-resident memory T cells against a broad spectrum of pathogens","authors":"Vicente Fajardo-Rosas, Aquib Ehtram, Isabel Marchand-Casas, Serena J. Chee, Monalisa Mondal, Celia Ferrández Alaminos, Francisco Emmanuel Castañeda-Castro, Zubin Roy, Lindsey Chudley, Michael Shackcloth, Judith Cave, Aiman Alzetani, Edwin Woo, Elizabeth Phillips, Simon Mallal, Alba Grifoni, Benjamin J. Schmiedel, Alessandro Sette, Bjoern Peters, Christian H. Ottensmeier, Pandurangan Vijayanand","doi":"10.1038/s41590-026-02592-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41590-026-02592-6","url":null,"abstract":"Lung tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are critical for frontline immunity, yet they undergo rapid attrition in the mouse lung. Whether this paradigm applies to humans has remained unknown. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of T cells from human lungs, characterizing the prevalence and properties of lung TRM cells specific to a broad spectrum of pathogens. Using a T cell receptor-guided approach that integrates single-cell transcriptomics with paired T cell receptor repertoire profiling, we mapped the pathogen specificity of more than 87,000 lung T cells across 40 individuals, the majority of whom harbored TRM cells specific to multiple pathogens. We confirmed that a large fraction of lung TRM clones persist in the lung for many months to years. Thus, in contrast to those of mice, human lungs retain a stable and varied pool of pathogen-specific TRM cells, suggesting that strategies to bolster these responses could provide durable protection against severe lung infections. Unlike in other tissues, lung-resident memory T cell populations are not well maintained in mice. Here the authors show that this is not the case in human lungs, where tissue-resident memory T cells specific to a variety of pathogens can persist for many years.","PeriodicalId":19032,"journal":{"name":"Nature Immunology","volume":"27 8","pages":"1749-1761"},"PeriodicalIF":26.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-026-02592-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148605537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a universal malaria vaccine","authors":"Nicholas J. Bernard","doi":"10.1038/s41590-026-02610-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41590-026-02610-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19032,"journal":{"name":"Nature Immunology","volume":"27 8","pages":"1531-1531"},"PeriodicalIF":26.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148605578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Industrial-scale mRNA expertise meets a century of tuberculosis immunology","authors":"Galit Alter","doi":"10.1038/s41590-026-02600-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41590-026-02600-9","url":null,"abstract":"A protective tuberculosis vaccine is needed. Two mRNA vaccines against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection exhibit robust immunogenicity and efficacy in rodents. Those same vaccines are currently in clinical trials.","PeriodicalId":19032,"journal":{"name":"Nature Immunology","volume":"27 8","pages":"1538-1540"},"PeriodicalIF":26.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148579399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dysbiosis-induced expansion of AXL-positive inflammatory type 3 dendritic cells triggers preclinical autoimmunity","authors":"Grozdan Cvijetic, Valentina Ottaviani, Isabella O. Conway, Erfan Jabari, Mladen Mitrovic, Haiting Wang, Patrick Fernandes Rodrigues, Anastasia du Halgouet, Siqi Zhao, Harrison C. Wang, Anjali P. Chandroth, Robert J. Palmer Jr., Eduard Ansaldo, Andrew D. Doyle, Daniel Martin, Roman Szabo, Cristina Corsino, Francesca Pala, Miriam R. Fernandes, Nicolas Bouladoux, Howard A. Young, Yufan Zheng, Zhaoyuan Liu, Florent Ginhoux, Eric V. Dang, Stephen Darnell, George Liechti, Michail S. Lionakis, Robert Ivanek, Luigi D. Notarangelo, Yasmine Belkaid, WanJun Chen, Amiran Dzutsev, Giorgio Trinchieri, Roxane Tussiwand","doi":"10.1038/s41590-026-02599-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41590-026-02599-z","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) are key sentinels at epithelial barriers, regulating immunity to microbial pathogens and commensals while preserving tissue integrity. NOTCH2 deficiency in CD11c-expressing cells (Notch2cKO) disrupts type 2a DC (cDC2a) development, impairs intestinal TH17 immunity and increases susceptibility to enteropathogenic bacteria. This defect leads to persistent dysbiosis in Notch2cKO mice, characterized by low-grade inflammation and systemic autoimmune features, including elevated autoantibody titers and renal immune complex deposition. Dysbiosis precedes expansion of highly inflammatory AXL-expressing type 3 DCs (AXL+inf-DC3), promoting chronic inflammation and tertiary lymphoid structures driving adaptive immune responses. Notably, dysbiosis is defined by three dominant pathobionts and is transferable to wild-type mice, recapitulating the autoimmune features observed in Notch2cKO mice. Here these findings identify a microbiota–DC axis linking intestinal pathobionts to systemic autoimmunity, establishing inflammatory DC3 as the cellular bridge between dysbiosis, chronic inflammation and autoimmune pathogenesis. Cvijetic et al. show Notch2 deficiency leads to altered populations of CD11c+ dendritic cells, including loss of ESAM+ cDC2a and an increase in inflammatory AXL+ DC3s, which sense and respond to gut dysbiosis, promoting autoantibody production.","PeriodicalId":19032,"journal":{"name":"Nature Immunology","volume":"27 9","pages":"1856-1873"},"PeriodicalIF":26.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41590-026-02599-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148550125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A second wind for leukemic lungs","authors":"P. Brent Ferrell, Robert S. Welner","doi":"10.1038/s41590-026-02598-0","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41590-026-02598-0","url":null,"abstract":"Single-cell and spatial analyses of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in the lung reveal an inflamed and remodeled microenvironment. These findings demonstrate that corticosteroids or antibodies that target galectin-9 or IL-33 reduce leukemic infiltration and restore respiratory function.","PeriodicalId":19032,"journal":{"name":"Nature Immunology","volume":"27 8","pages":"1541-1543"},"PeriodicalIF":26.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148522129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endothelial cell-intrinsic NOD2 signaling regulates the intestinal immune response through the generation of effector and memory T cells","authors":"Boyan K. Tsankov, Madison Denney, Jennifer S. Y. Ahn, Charles Carr, Nayanan Nathan, Derek K. L. Tsang, Giuliano Bayer, Lauren Baerg, Alexander Luchak, Tapas Mukherjee, Elaine Tam, Bana Samman, Jennifer L. Gommerman, Stephen E. Girardin, Dana J. Philpott","doi":"10.1038/s41590-026-02595-3","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41590-026-02595-3","url":null,"abstract":"Crohn’s disease (CD) involves aberrant intestinal T cell immunity and genetic variants associated with disease development. Notably, mutations impairing NOD2 signaling represent the largest genetic risk factor for CD. Paradoxically, although NOD2 variants are associated with CD, its ligand, bacterial muramyl dipeptide, is a potent stimulator of immunity, long recognized as the minimal component required for the adjuvanticity of complete Freund’s adjuvant. This paradox highlights a critical gap in our understanding of how NOD2 coordinates the innate–adaptive immune cross-talk required to maintain intestinal homeostasis. Here we show that NOD2 engagement by muramyl dipeptide drives T cell homing to the mesenteric lymph nodes during both homeostasis and infection. This recruitment promotes antigen-specific effector and memory T cell accumulation in the ileal lamina propria, a process essential for effective recall responses and clearance of secondary infection. Mechanistically, this process requires endothelial-intrinsic NOD2 expression, which drives a specialized transcriptional program for leukocyte recruitment. Tsankov and colleagues find that NOD2 signaling in intestinal endothelial cells drives T cell homing to the mesenteric lymph nodes during homeostasis and infection.","PeriodicalId":19032,"journal":{"name":"Nature Immunology","volume":"27 9","pages":"1930-1941"},"PeriodicalIF":26.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148522128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innate immunity at the crossroads of protection and pathology: insights from the Aegean","authors":"George Hajishengallis, Triantafyllos Chavakis, Maziar Divangahi, Peter J. Murray, Sarah Walmsley","doi":"10.1038/s41590-026-02601-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41590-026-02601-8","url":null,"abstract":"The 21st International Aegean Conference on Innate Immunity showcased advances that position innate immunity as a multiscale regulatory system integrating environmental, metabolic, epigenetic and genetic inputs.","PeriodicalId":19032,"journal":{"name":"Nature Immunology","volume":"27 8","pages":"1544-1546"},"PeriodicalIF":26.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148459759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rediscovering eosinophil identity through tissue adaptation","authors":"Svetoslav Chakarov, Heping Xu","doi":"10.1038/s41590-026-02593-5","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41590-026-02593-5","url":null,"abstract":"Eosinophils are now recognized as multifunctional immune cells that contribute to tissue homeostasis, repair, metabolism and host defense in addition to fulfilling their established roles in type 2 immunity and allergic disease. Substantial eosinophil heterogeneity is evident across tissues and inflammatory states, challenging the view that eosinophils are a uniform population of short-lived effector granulocytes. Here we discuss the current understanding of eosinophil development, tissue adaptation and functional specialization across organs and disease contexts. We propose an integrated framework in which eosinophil identity is shaped by four interdependent axes: differentiation and lineage commitment; local environmental cues; time of tissue residence; and inflammatory status. Together, these factors generate eosinophil states that are dynamic, context dependent and continuously tuned to their tissue environment. Viewing eosinophils through this multidimensional lens reframes these cells as adaptable participants in tissue physiology, rather than solely as terminal effectors of type 2 immunity. In this Review, the authors discuss the immunology of eosinophils beyond their roles in allergy and type 2 immune responses, focusing on the adaptation and heterogeneity of these cells in different tissues and inflammatory contexts.","PeriodicalId":19032,"journal":{"name":"Nature Immunology","volume":"27 8","pages":"1563-1576"},"PeriodicalIF":26.5,"publicationDate":"2026-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148415901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}