NanophotonicsPub Date : 2024-02-05eCollection Date: 2024-06-01DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2023-0899
Fanqi Meng, Lei Cao, Juliette Mangeney, Hartmut G Roskos
{"title":"Strong coupling of metamaterials with cavity photons: toward non-Hermitian optics.","authors":"Fanqi Meng, Lei Cao, Juliette Mangeney, Hartmut G Roskos","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2023-0899","DOIUrl":"10.1515/nanoph-2023-0899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The investigation of strong coupling between light and matter is an important field of research. Its significance arises not only from the emergence of a plethora of intriguing chemical and physical phenomena, often novel and unexpected, but also from its provision of important tool sets for the design of core components for novel chemical, electronic, and photonic devices such as quantum computers, lasers, amplifiers, modulators, sensors and more. Strong coupling has been demonstrated for various material systems and spectral regimes, each exhibiting unique features and applications. In this perspective, we will focus on a sub-field of this domain of research and discuss the strong coupling between <i>metamaterials</i> and <i>photonic cavities at THz frequencies</i>. The metamaterials, themselves electromagnetic resonators, serve as \"artificial atoms\". We provide a concise overview of recent advances and outline possible research directions in this vital and impactful field of interdisciplinary science.</p>","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"13 14","pages":"2443-2451"},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11147495/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141248099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NanophotonicsPub Date : 2024-01-17DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2023-0649
Parker R. Wray, Elijah G. Paul, Harry A. Atwater
{"title":"Optical filters made from random metasurfaces using Bayesian optimization","authors":"Parker R. Wray, Elijah G. Paul, Harry A. Atwater","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2023-0649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2023-0649","url":null,"abstract":"We theoretically investigate the ability to design optical filters from a single material and a single layer of randomly dispersed resonant dielectric particles, defining a random metasurface. Using a Bayesian and generalized Mie inverse-design approach, we design particle radii distributions that give rise to longpass, shortpass, bandpass, and bandstop spectral bands in the infrared. The optical response is shown to be directly related to electric and magnetic multipole scattering of the constituent particles and their near field coupling. We discuss the effect of the particle size distribution and particle–particle coupling interactions on filter design in random systems lacking long-range order.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139480635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Porous polymer bilayer with near-ideal solar reflectance and longwave infrared emittance","authors":"Yung Chak Anson Tsang, Nithin Jo Varghese, Mathis Degeorges, Jyotirmoy Mandal","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2023-0707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2023-0707","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the optical design of a daytime radiative cooler with near-ideal solar reflectance and longwave infrared (LWIR) emittance through materials selection and nanostructuring. Focusing on polymers as a materials platform, we introduce a bilayer architecture, comprising a porous poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene) (P(VdF-HFP)) topcoat that serves as a low-index LWIR emissive effective medium, over a nanofibrous, solar scattering polytetrafluoroethene underlayer. This novel configuration yields a superwhite coating with a near-ideal solar reflectance of >0.99, and a blackbody-like near-normal and hemispherical LWIR emittances of ∼0.98 and ∼0.96 respectively. Under humid and partially cloudy sky conditions unfavorable for radiative heat loss, these values enable the bilayer radiative cooler to achieve a sub-ambient of 2.3 °C. Given that the porous polymer bilayer uses scalable fabrication processes and commercially available materials, it holds significant promise for device-scale, as well as building thermoregulation applications.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139480631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NanophotonicsPub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2023-0641
Meng Yang, Yijun Zeng, Qingyuan Du, Haoyang Sun, Yingying Yin, Xiantong Yan, Mengnan Jiang, Chin Pan, Dazhi Sun, Zuankai Wang
{"title":"Enhanced radiative cooling with Janus optical properties for low-temperature space cooling","authors":"Meng Yang, Yijun Zeng, Qingyuan Du, Haoyang Sun, Yingying Yin, Xiantong Yan, Mengnan Jiang, Chin Pan, Dazhi Sun, Zuankai Wang","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2023-0641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2023-0641","url":null,"abstract":"Passive daytime radiative cooling that could provide sub-ambient cooling emerges as a promising technology to reduce household energy consumption. Nonetheless, prevailing studies are predominantly focused on surface cooling, often overlooking its adaptability to enclosed spaces with active cooling technologies. Here we present a multilayer radiative cooling film (<jats:italic>J</jats:italic>-MRC) with <jats:italic>Janus</jats:italic> optical properties in the mid-infrared region, consisting of the nanoporous polyethylene films, the polyethylene oxide film, and silver nanowires. The top side of the <jats:italic>J</jats:italic>-MRC functions as a conventional radiative cooling material to supply sub-ambient surface cooling, while the bottom side with low mid-infrared emissivity transfers limited heat via thermal radiation to the low-temperature enclosures. Our experiments validate that the <jats:italic>J</jats:italic>-MRC possesses an enhanced space cooling performance in comparison to the conventional radiative cooling film. This work provides a valuable design concept for radiative cooling materials, thereby expanding their practical scenarios and contributing to reduce the carbon emission.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139474188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NanophotonicsPub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2023-0726
Mohammad Shahili, Sadhvikas J. Addamane, Anthony D. Kim, Christopher A. Curwen, Jonathan H. Kawamura, Benjamin S. Williams
{"title":"Continuous-wave GaAs/AlGaAs quantum cascade laser at 5.7 THz","authors":"Mohammad Shahili, Sadhvikas J. Addamane, Anthony D. Kim, Christopher A. Curwen, Jonathan H. Kawamura, Benjamin S. Williams","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2023-0726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2023-0726","url":null,"abstract":"Design strategies for improving terahertz (THz) quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) in the 5–6 THz range are investigated numerically and experimentally, with the goal of overcoming the degradation in performance that occurs as the laser frequency approaches the <jats:italic>Reststrahlen</jats:italic> band. Two designs aimed at 5.4 THz were selected: one optimized for lower power dissipation and one optimized for better temperature performance. The active regions exhibited broadband gain, with the strongest modes lasing in the 5.3–5.6 THz range, but with other various modes observed ranging from 4.76 to 6.03 THz. Pulsed and continuous-wave (cw) operation is observed up to temperatures of 117 K and 68 K, respectively. In cw mode, the ridge laser has modes up to 5.71 THz – the highest reported frequency for a THz QCL in cw mode. The waveguide loss associated with the doped contact layers and metallization is identified as a critical limitation to performance above 5 THz.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139480571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NanophotonicsPub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2023-0695
Zheng Zhang, Xiaodong Zhao, Zhen Chen
{"title":"Energy scavenging from the diurnal cycle with a temperature-doubler circuit and a self-adaptive photonic design","authors":"Zheng Zhang, Xiaodong Zhao, Zhen Chen","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2023-0695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2023-0695","url":null,"abstract":"A temperature-doubler circuit is the functional equivalent of a voltage-doubler in the thermal domain. Effective temperature-doubler circuits could benefit energy scavenging from fluctuating thermal resources, e.g. the diurnal cycle. However, the current paradigm relies on static photonic designs of the selective solar absorber or blackbody emitter, which aims at maximizing energy harvesting from either the sun or outer space, but not from both. Furthermore, photonic and thermal optimizations have not yet been coupled to maximize the power output. Here we develop a general framework to optimize the energy acquisition and conversion simultaneously to maximize a temperature-doubler’s power output under a realistic solar-thermal boundary condition. With an ideal self-adaptive absorber/emitter to fully exploit the thermodynamic potential of both the sun and outer space, the theoretical limit of the temperature-doubler circuit’s average output power in a diurnal cycle is found to be 168 W m<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup>, a 12-fold enhancement as compared to the blackbody emitter. We provide a numerical design of such a self-adaptive absorber/emitter, which, combined with a thermoelectric generator, generate 2.3 times more power than the blackbody emitter in a synthetic “experiment”. The model further reveals that, as compared to traditional thermal circuits, the key merit of the temperature-doubler is not to enhance the total power generation, but to convert the fluctuating thermodynamic input to a continuous and stable power output in a 24 h day-night cycle.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139474102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NanophotonicsPub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2023-0636
Ciro Pentangelo, Niki Di Giano, Simone Piacentini, Riccardo Arpe, Francesco Ceccarelli, Andrea Crespi, Roberto Osellame
{"title":"High-fidelity and polarization-insensitive universal photonic processors fabricated by femtosecond laser writing","authors":"Ciro Pentangelo, Niki Di Giano, Simone Piacentini, Riccardo Arpe, Francesco Ceccarelli, Andrea Crespi, Roberto Osellame","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2023-0636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2023-0636","url":null,"abstract":"Universal photonic processors (UPPs) are fully programmable photonic integrated circuits that are key components in quantum photonics. With this work, we present a novel platform for the realization of low-loss, low-power, and high-fidelity UPPs based on femtosecond laser writing (FLW) and compatible with a large wavelength spectrum. In fact, we demonstrate different UPPs, tailored for operation at 785 nm and 1550 nm, providing similar high-level performances. Moreover, we show that standard calibration techniques applied to FLW-UPPs result in Haar random polarization-insensitive photonic transformations implemented with average amplitude fidelity as high as 0.9979 at 785 nm (0.9970 at 1550 nm), with the possibility of increasing the fidelity over 0.9990 thanks to novel optimization algorithms. Besides being the first demonstrations of polarization-insensitive UPPs, these devices show the highest level of control and reconfigurability ever reported for a FLW circuit. These qualities will be greatly beneficial to applications in quantum information processing.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139480693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phase change material-based tunable Fano resonant optical coatings and their applications","authors":"Kandammathe Valiyaveedu Sreekanth, Sambhu Jana, Mohamed ElKabbash, Ranjan Singh, Jinghua Teng","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2023-0723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2023-0723","url":null,"abstract":"Thin-film coatings offer a scalable optical platform, as compared to nanopatterned films, for various applications including structural coloring, photovoltaics, and sensing. Recently, Fano resonant optical coatings (FROCs) have gained attention. FROCs consist of coupled thin film nanocavities composed of a broadband and a narrowband optical absorber. The optical properties of FROCs can be dynamically adjusted using chalcogenide phase change materials (PCM). Switching the structural states of PCM layers in the cavity between amorphous and crystalline states, the Fano resonance supported by FROC can be modulated in terms of resonance wavelength, intensity, and bandwidth. This review discusses the scientific and technological facets of both passive and active FROCs for applications in structural coloring and spectrum-splitting filters. We explore electrically tunable FROCs for dynamic color generation and optical steganography. Furthermore, we discuss the utilization of passive and active FROCs as spectrum-splitting filters to mitigate the drop in photovoltaic efficiency of solar cells due to heating and for hybrid thermal-electric power generation.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139480716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Manipulating chiral photon generation from plasmonic nanocavity-emitter hybrid systems: from weak to strong coupling","authors":"Jian Yang, Huatian Hu, Qingfeng Zhang, Shuai Zu, Wen Chen, Hongxing Xu","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2023-0738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2023-0738","url":null,"abstract":"By confining light into a deep subwavelength scale to match the characteristic dimension of quantum emitters, plasmonic nanocavities can effectively imprint the light emission with unique properties in terms of intensity, directionality, as well as polarization. In this vein, achiral quantum emitters can generate chiral photons through coupling with plasmonic nanocavities with either intrinsic or extrinsic chirality. As an important metric for the chiral-photon purity, the degree of circular polarization (DCP) is usually tuned by various scattered factors such as the nanocavity design, the emitter type, and the coupling strategy. The physical mechanisms of the chiral photon generation, especially when plasmons and emitters step into the strong coupling regime, are less explored. In this paper, we extended the coupled-oscillator and Jaynes–Cummings models to their chiral fashion to account for the above factors within a single theoretical framework and investigated the chiroptical properties of a plasmonic nanocavity-emitter hybrid system from weak to strong coupling. It was demonstrated that both the circular differential scattering and prominent scattering DCP rely on the intrinsic chirality generated by breaking the mirror symmetry with the emitter, and is thereby tunable by the coupling strength. However, the luminescence DCP (as high as 87 %) is closely related to the extrinsic chirality of the bare nanocavity and independent of the coupling strength. The results thus reveal two different physical mechanisms of generating chiral photons in scattering and luminescence. Our findings provide a theoretical guideline for designing chiral photon devices and contribute to the understanding of chiral plasmon-emitter interaction.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139480563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NanophotonicsPub Date : 2024-01-16DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2023-0742
Qiuyu Wang, Tianji Liu, Longnan Li, Chen Huang, Jiawei Wang, Meng Xiao, Yang Li, Wei Li
{"title":"Ultra-broadband directional thermal emission","authors":"Qiuyu Wang, Tianji Liu, Longnan Li, Chen Huang, Jiawei Wang, Meng Xiao, Yang Li, Wei Li","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2023-0742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2023-0742","url":null,"abstract":"Directional control of thermal emission over its broad wavelength range is a fundamental challenge. Gradient epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) material supporting Berreman mode has been proposed as a promising approach. However, the bandwidth is still inherently limited due to the availability of ENZ materials covering a broad bandwidth and additional undesired omnidirectional modes in multilayer stacking with increased thickness. Here, we show that broadband directional thermal emission can be realized beyond the previously considered epsilon-near-zero and Berreman mode region. We then establish a universal approach based on effective medium theory to realizing ultra-broadband directional thermal emitter. We numerically demonstrate strong (emissivity >0.8) directional (80 ± 5°) thermal emission covering the entire thermal emission wavelength range (5–30 μm) by using only two materials. This approach offers a new capability for manipulating thermal emission with potential applications in high-efficiency information encryption, energy collection and utilization, thermal camouflaging, and infrared detection.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139480692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}