Nanophotonics最新文献

Customizing the electric field of metalens with high degrees of freedom based on neural network

IF 7.5 2区物理与天体物理

Nanophotonics Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2025-0032

Quansheng Zhang, Di Guo, Changsheng Shen, Zhaofu Chen, Hehong Fan, Changgui Lv, Qilong Wang, Ningfeng Bai

{"title":"Customizing the electric field of metalens with high degrees of freedom based on neural network","authors":"Quansheng Zhang, Di Guo, Changsheng Shen, Zhaofu Chen, Hehong Fan, Changgui Lv, Qilong Wang, Ningfeng Bai","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0032","url":null,"abstract":"The metasurfaces are able to flexibly control electromagnetic waves. However, their design necessitates strict phase matching, which requires high computational load, and its control method has low flexibility. This paper proposes a novel method for the customization of the electric field of metalens with high degrees of freedom based on an improved Pixel Generative Adversarial Network (I-pixGAN). This I-pixGAN can design the phase distribution of the metalens according to the customized target electric field, and the constructed metalens based on this phase can modulate the target electric field. The results show that the proposed I-pixGAN can arbitrarily control the position of the focus in three-dimensional space, where the focus position is offset within one wavelength. Therefore, it is not need to strictly follow the electric field distribution characteristics, and it can flexibly construct unknown electric field, realizing a highly free electric field customization method in three-dimensional space, providing a new way for electric field operation. This paper promotes the development of electric focusing systems, not only improving focusing accuracy but also enhancing system flexibility and promoting the automation and intelligence of optical and terahertz systems.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are nanophotonic intermediate mirrors really effective in enhancing the efficiency of perovskite tandem solar cells?

IF 7.5 2区物理与天体物理

Nanophotonics Pub Date : 2025-04-09 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0658

Kwangjin Kim, Jieun Lee, Jaewon Lee, Jin-Young Kim, Hae-Seok Lee, Seungwoo Lee

{"title":"Are nanophotonic intermediate mirrors really effective in enhancing the efficiency of perovskite tandem solar cells?","authors":"Kwangjin Kim, Jieun Lee, Jaewon Lee, Jin-Young Kim, Hae-Seok Lee, Seungwoo Lee","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0658","url":null,"abstract":"An intermediate mirror has been proposed to enhance multijunction solar cell efficiency by selectively reflecting the light beyond higher energy bandgap of top cell, while simultaneously transmitting the rest of lower-energy light. Therefore, it reduces the higher-energy absorption spectral tail of the bottom cell (thermalization loss) and increase the absorption in the top cell. However, its effectiveness has only been theoretically validated in simplified tandem with basic components such as an antireflection coating (ARC) and top/bottom absorbers. In contrast, experimentally optimized tandem cells, such as perovskite (PVK)/silicon (Si) two-terminal configurations, include additional stacked electrodes, ultrathinned intermediate electrode, and random textures to maximize efficiency. Herein, we revisited the role of the intermediate mirror in these advanced tandem cells. Our results show that the incorporation of ideal intermediate mirror (IIM) does not improve efficiency both in textured and flat tandem cells, with its theoretical upper limit of efficiency being similar to or even lower than that of experimentally optimized cells.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143813657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disorder robust, ultra-low power, continuous-wave four-wave mixing in a topological waveguide

IF 7.5 2区物理与天体物理

Nanophotonics Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0659

Ju Won Choi, Byoung-Uk Sohn, George F.R. Chen, Hongwei Gao, William J. Mitchell, Doris K.T. Ng, Dawn T.H. Tan

{"title":"Disorder robust, ultra-low power, continuous-wave four-wave mixing in a topological waveguide","authors":"Ju Won Choi, Byoung-Uk Sohn, George F.R. Chen, Hongwei Gao, William J. Mitchell, Doris K.T. Ng, Dawn T.H. Tan","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0659","url":null,"abstract":"Four-wave mixing is a widely used nonlinear process for wavelength conversion, parametric amplification and signal regeneration in various Kerr devices, which enables wavelength-tunability and lower-power operation in compact optical systems. Here, we demonstrate low-power continuous-wave four-wave mixing in an ultra-silicon-rich nitride topological waveguide leveraging the strong confinement of the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger topological structure and ultra-silicon-rich nitride platform’s high Kerr nonlinearity and negligible nonlinear loss. We experimentally observe continuous-wave four-wave mixing at an ultra-low pump power of 510 µW, and wavelength tunability of 54 nm with on/off conversion efficiency of −57 dB at a pump power of 3 mW. We further investigate the efficiency of the four-wave mixing process when disorder is introduced into the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger waveguide array resulting in ±80 % randomness in the coupling coefficients. It is experimentally shown that similar conversion efficiencies are achieved in the presence and absence of disorder, indicating robustness against potential fabrication errors. We expect that this work can be applied to develop compact, tunable wavelength conversion systems operating at very low power levels which are robust against certain types of disorder.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143805861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intermodal all-optical pulse switching and frequency conversion using temporal reflection and refraction in multimode fibers

IF 7.5 2区物理与天体物理

Nanophotonics Pub Date : 2025-04-05 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0653

Alexis C. Sparapani, Yifan Sun, Fabio Mangini, Mario Ferraro, Govind P. Agrawal, Stefan Wabnitz

引用次数: 0

Tailoring optical response of MXene thin films

IF 7.5 2区物理与天体物理

Nanophotonics Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0769

Jeffrey Simon, Kyu Ri Choi, Stefano Ippolito, Ludmila Prokopeva, Colton Fruhling, Vladimir M. Shalaev, Alexander V. Kildishev, Yury Gogotsi, Alexandra Boltasseva

{"title":"Tailoring optical response of MXene thin films","authors":"Jeffrey Simon, Kyu Ri Choi, Stefano Ippolito, Ludmila Prokopeva, Colton Fruhling, Vladimir M. Shalaev, Alexander V. Kildishev, Yury Gogotsi, Alexandra Boltasseva","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0769","url":null,"abstract":"Due to their attractive optical properties, 2D MXenes have garnered interest in nanophotonic and optoelectronic applications. However, tuning their properties typically requires the iterative synthesis of MXenes with a specific set of properties, such as the absorption band position, electronic conductivity, and dielectric constant. We demonstrate how to tailor the optical properties of MXene thin films over a broad 1500-nm wavelength range by mixing different ratios of highly conductive Ti3C2T x with poorly conductive Nb2CT x . By changing the MXene film composition, the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) point, where the optical properties transit from dielectric to metallic, was varied in the spectral range from 1.1 to 2.6 µm. Additionally, we observed a reduction in absorption in some compositions compared to the absorption of the pure MXene films. Compared to other methods, this approach enables simple and continual tuning of MXene optical properties without requiring multiple time-consuming synthesis steps.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143775315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Generation of fast photoelectrons in strong-field emission from metal nanoparticles

IF 7.5 2区物理与天体物理

Nanophotonics Pub Date : 2025-04-04 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0719

Erfan Saydanzad, Jeffrey Powell, Tim Renner, Adam Summers, Daniel Rolles, Carlos Trallero-Herrero, Matthias F. Kling, Artem Rudenko, Uwe Thumm

{"title":"Generation of fast photoelectrons in strong-field emission from metal nanoparticles","authors":"Erfan Saydanzad, Jeffrey Powell, Tim Renner, Adam Summers, Daniel Rolles, Carlos Trallero-Herrero, Matthias F. Kling, Artem Rudenko, Uwe Thumm","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0719","url":null,"abstract":"We investigated the generation and control of fast photoelectrons (PEs) by exposing plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) to short infrared (IR) laser pulses with peak intensities between 1012 and 3 × 1013 W/cm2. Our measured and numerically simulated PE momentum distributions demonstrate the extent to which PE yields and cutoff energies are controlled by the NP size, material, and laser peak intensity. For strong-field photoemission from spherical silver, gold, and platinum NPs with diameters between 10 and 100 nm our results confirm and surpass extremely high PEs cutoff energies, up to several hundred times the incident laser-pulse ponderomotive energy, found recently for gold nanospheres [Saydanzad et al., Nanophotonics 12, 1931 (2023)]. As reported previously for dielectric NPs [Rupp et al., J. Mod. Opt. 64, 995 (2017)], at higher intensities the cutoff energies we deduce from measured and simulated PE spectra tend to converge to a metal-independent limit. We expect these characteristics of light-induced electron emission from prototypical plasmonic metallic nanospheres to promote the understanding of the electronic dynamics in more complex plasmonic nanostructures and the design of nanoscale light-controlled plasmonic electron sources for photoelectronic devices of applied interest.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143782586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Training hybrid neural networks with multimode optical nonlinearities using digital twins

IF 7.5 2区物理与天体物理

Nanophotonics Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2025-0002

Ilker Oguz, Louis J.E. Suter, Jih-Liang Hsieh, Mustafa Yildirim, Niyazi Ulas Dinc, Christophe Moser, Demetri Psaltis

{"title":"Training hybrid neural networks with multimode optical nonlinearities using digital twins","authors":"Ilker Oguz, Louis J.E. Suter, Jih-Liang Hsieh, Mustafa Yildirim, Niyazi Ulas Dinc, Christophe Moser, Demetri Psaltis","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0002","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to train ever-larger neural networks brings artificial intelligence to the forefront of scientific and technical discoveries. However, their exponentially increasing size creates a proportionally greater demand for energy and computational hardware. Incorporating complex physical events in networks as fixed, efficient computation modules can address this demand by decreasing the complexity of trainable layers. Here, we utilize ultrashort pulse propagation in multimode fibers, which perform large-scale nonlinear transformations, for this purpose. Training the hybrid architecture is achieved through a neural model that differentiably approximates the optical system. The training algorithm updates the neural simulator and backpropagates the error signal over this proxy to optimize layers preceding the optical one. Our experimental results achieve state-of-the-art image classification accuracies and simulation fidelity. Moreover, the framework demonstrates exceptional resistance to experimental drifts. By integrating low-energy physical systems into neural networks, this approach enables scalable, energy-efficient AI models with significantly reduced computational demands.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

New opportunities for creating quantum states of light and matter with intense laser fields

IF 7.5 2区物理与天体物理

Nanophotonics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0605

Nicholas Rivera

{"title":"New opportunities for creating quantum states of light and matter with intense laser fields","authors":"Nicholas Rivera","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0605","url":null,"abstract":"Nonlinear dynamics provide an indispensable resource for creating quantum states of light, as well as other bosonic systems. Seminal work using second- and third-order nonlinear optical crystals, cavity quantum electrodynamics, and superconducting circuits, have enabled generating squeezed states, as well as various non-Gaussian quantum states (e.g., single photons, cat states) at both infrared and microwave frequencies. Nevertheless, it remains challenging to generate quantum states of light in broad portions of the electromagnetic spectrum: for example, at terahertz frequencies and at ultraviolet and X-ray frequencies. In this Perspective, I discuss a variety of emerging material platforms, as well as emerging theoretical and experimental tools, which enable overcoming these challenges. The main argument of this Perspective is that advances in driving nonlinear dynamics of material excitations, will enable generating quantum states of these material excitations as well as quantum states of light at new frequency ranges. I will further argue that in order to realize much of the promise of this nascent field, there is a need for innovation in the laser systems used to drive these nonlinear dynamics: specifically, innovations in realizing high-power laser sources that have very low noise, having quantum statistics similar to coherent states of light which describe lower intensity laser systems. I will highlight some experimental and theoretical work, in understanding quantum noise dynamics in complex laser systems, that can address these challenges.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143745033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metasurface-enabled optical encryption and steganography with enhanced information security

IF 7.5 2区物理与天体物理

Nanophotonics Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2025-0015

Wen Xing, Changke Bu, Xiaoyi Zhang, Duk-Yong Choi, Yang Li, Wenjing Yue, Jiaqi Cheng, Zhancheng Li, Shuqi Chen, Song Gao

{"title":"Metasurface-enabled optical encryption and steganography with enhanced information security","authors":"Wen Xing, Changke Bu, Xiaoyi Zhang, Duk-Yong Choi, Yang Li, Wenjing Yue, Jiaqi Cheng, Zhancheng Li, Shuqi Chen, Song Gao","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2025-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2025-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Metasurfaces have attracted considerable interest in optical encryption due to their remarkable ability to manipulate light at subwavelength scales, however the aspect of encryption security remains an area requiring deeper exploration. Here, we propose and demonstrate metasurface-enabled optical encryption and steganography that provides dual-layer information protection. A secret information is embedded within multiple carrier images using a run-length encoding algorithm, dispersing the data to safeguard it against direct observation and brute-force attacks, thereby establishing the first layer of security. The second layer is achieved by encoding the multiple carrier images onto a silicon metasurface, leveraging light wavelength and polarization to generate diverse optical keys post-steganography. To validate the proposed scheme, several silicon metasurface samples are fabricated and characterized in the visible spectrum. By adjusting various combinations of optical keys, three encrypted carrier images are retrieved with high fidelity and negligible crosstalk, and the concealed secret information is successfully extracted through a corresponding decryption algorithm. The proposed approach enhances optical information security at the hardware level, making it less susceptible to leakage. It is anticipated that the demonstrated advancement will hold significant potential for applications in information security and optical anti-counterfeiting.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Colloidal-quantum-dot nanolaser oscillating at a bound-state-in-the-continuum with planar surface topography for a high Q-factor

IF 7.5 2区物理与天体物理

Nanophotonics Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0730

Tae-Yun Lee, Hansol Lee, Heonsu Jeon

{"title":"Colloidal-quantum-dot nanolaser oscillating at a bound-state-in-the-continuum with planar surface topography for a high Q-factor","authors":"Tae-Yun Lee, Hansol Lee, Heonsu Jeon","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0730","url":null,"abstract":"Solution-based optical gain materials offer a cost-effective path to coherent light sources. Further, bound states in the continuum (BICs) have garnered great interest owing to their diverging quality (Q) factors. Therefore, a hybrid of these – a solution-based material for optical gain and a BIC structure for the lasing mode – should constitute an ideal form factor for low-cost and low-threshold nanolasers. However, the nonuniform surface topography induced during the thin-film formation of a solution-based material, especially on top of a prepatterned substrate, can easily disrupt the structural symmetry required for a high-Q BIC, resulting in a degradation of Q. Thus, in this study, a simple surface-flattening technique utilizing a soft and flexible squeegee was applied, which realized the planar surface topography crucial for preserving the high Q promised by the BIC and achieving low-threshold lasing. We fabricated BIC nanolasers by incorporating colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) for optical gain into a two-dimensional photonic crystal backbone layer composed of Si3N4. By leveraging the unique properties of the BIC mode with a well-ordered surface, our CQD-based BIC laser exhibited a lasing threshold as low as 10.5 kW/cm2, which is significantly lower than those reported in previous studies.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0