NanophotonicsPub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0300
Samuel Prescott, Prasad P. Iyer, Sadhvikas Addamane, Hyunseung Jung, Ting S. Luk, Igal Brener, Oleg Mitrofanov
{"title":"Mie metasurfaces for enhancing photon outcoupling from single embedded quantum emitters","authors":"Samuel Prescott, Prasad P. Iyer, Sadhvikas Addamane, Hyunseung Jung, Ting S. Luk, Igal Brener, Oleg Mitrofanov","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0300","url":null,"abstract":"Solid-state quantum emitters (QE) can produce single photons required for quantum information processing. However, their emission properties often exhibit poor directivity and polarisation definition resulting in considerable loss of generated photons. Here we propose and numerically evaluate Mie metasurface designs for outcoupling photons from an embedded and randomly-positioned QE. These Mie metasurface designs can provide over one order of magnitude enhancement in photon outcoupling with only several percent of photons being lost. Importantly, the Mie metasurfaces provide the enhancement in photon outcoupling without the need for strict QE position alignment and without affecting the intrinsic QE emission rate (Purcell enhancement). Electric dipole modes are key for achieving the enhancement and they offer a path for selective outcoupling for photons emitted with specific polarisation, including the out-of-plane polarisation. Mie metasurfaces can provide an efficient, polarisation-selective and scalable platform for QEs.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NanophotonicsPub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0380
Akanksha Gautam, Amit K. Agarwal, Rakesh Kumar Singh
{"title":"Coherence vortices by binary pinholes","authors":"Akanksha Gautam, Amit K. Agarwal, Rakesh Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0380","url":null,"abstract":"Singularity in a two-point complex coherence function, known as coherence vortices, represents zero visibility with a helical phase structure. In this paper, we introduce a novel technique to generate the coherence vortices of different topological charges by incoherent source transmittance with exotic structured binary pinholes. The binary pinhole structures have been realized by lithography, followed by wet etching methods. We control the transmittance from the incoherent source plane using these exotic apertures, which finally results in a coherence vortex spectrum that features multiple and pure orbital angular momentum modes. The generation of the coherence vortices is achieved within the two-point complex spatial coherence function. The spatial coherence function exhibits the helical phase profile in its phase part, and its absolute part shows a doughnut-shaped structure. A theoretical basis is developed and validated with simulation, and experimental results. The coherence vortex spectra with OAM modes superposed with opposite topological charges, known as photonic gears, are also generated with the proposed theory.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NanophotonicsPub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0393
Mojtaba Moghaddasi, Erik Edilson Perez Coca, Danni Ye, Diego Alejandro Flores, Xudong Wu, Abdul Jalal, Ziming Ren, Fahimeh Abrinaei, Bin Hu
{"title":"Wide FOV metalens for near-infrared capsule endoscopy: advancing compact medical imaging","authors":"Mojtaba Moghaddasi, Erik Edilson Perez Coca, Danni Ye, Diego Alejandro Flores, Xudong Wu, Abdul Jalal, Ziming Ren, Fahimeh Abrinaei, Bin Hu","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0393","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of a wide field-of-view (FOV) metalens optimized for capsule endoscopy. The metalens achieved a 165° FOV with a high modulation transfer function (MTF) of 300 lines per millimeter (lp/mm) across the entire FOV, operating in the near-infrared (NIR) narrow-bandpass imaging at 940 nm. The performance of the metalens-based system is evaluated using two bandwidths, 12 nm and 32 nm, showing MTF values of 0.2 and 0.3 at 250 lp/mm, respectively. The metalens-based system maintains a compact form factor with a total track length of 1.4 mm and a diameter of 1.58 mm. Compared to a traditional 108° FOV endoscope, the nano-optic capsule endoscope demonstrated superior performance in terms of FOV, contrast, and resolution. This advancement represents a significant step toward enhancing diagnostic capabilities in medical imaging, offering improved performance in a more compact package compared to conventional optics.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142443960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stretchable plasmonic metasurfaces for deformation monitoring","authors":"Peiyang Li, Kaikai Gao, Ruize Ma, Kai Pan, Dong Li, Feng Liu, Peng Li, Xuetao Gan, Jianlin Zhao, Dandan Wen","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0461","url":null,"abstract":"Metasurfaces have recently gained significant attention due to the strong capacity in light field manipulation. However, most traditional metasurfaces are fabricated on rigid substrates, which fix their functionality after fabrication and limit their applications in dynamic measurement fields. In this work, we designed and fabricated a silver metasurface embedded in a stretchable substrate for sensing applications. This metasurface can generate different point cloud patterns under varying stretch ratios when illuminated by a laser beam. By collecting and analyzing the patterns, we can precisely reconstruct the deformation of the metasurface. Furthermore, the sample exhibits excellent performance under incident light of various wavelengths. These results pave the way for developing microdevices with novel capabilities based on flexible metamaterials.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142440278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NanophotonicsPub Date : 2024-10-09DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0357
Shilin Yu, Mingfeng Xu, Mingbo Pu, Xi Tang, Yuhan Zheng, Yinghui Guo, Fei Zhang, Xiong Li, Xiaoliang Ma, Xiangang Luo
{"title":"Dynamic nonlocal metasurface for multifunctional integration via phase-change materials","authors":"Shilin Yu, Mingfeng Xu, Mingbo Pu, Xi Tang, Yuhan Zheng, Yinghui Guo, Fei Zhang, Xiong Li, Xiaoliang Ma, Xiangang Luo","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0357","url":null,"abstract":"Non-local metasurface supporting geometric phases at bound states in the continuum (BIC) simultaneously enables sharp spectral resonances and spatial wavefront shaping, thus providing a diversified optical platform for multifunctional devices. However, a static nonlocal metasurface cannot manipulate multiple degrees of freedom (DOFs), making it difficult to achieve multifunctional integration and be applied in different scenarios. Here, we presented and demonstrated phase-change non-local metasurfaces that can realize dynamic manipulation of multiple DOFs including resonant frequency, <jats:italic>Q</jats:italic> values, band, and spatial wavefront. Accordingly, a metasurface integrating multiple distinct functions is designed, as a proof-of-concept demonstration. Utilizing the geometry phase of quasi-BIC and the tunability of vanadium dioxide (VO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>), a dynamic meta-lens is achieved by tailoring spatial light response at quasi-BIC in the temperature range from room temperature to 53 °C. Simultaneously, the sharp Fano resonance of quasi-BIC enables the metasurface to serve as an optical sensor in the mid-infrared band, yielding a sensitivity of 7.96 THz/RIU at room temperature. Furthermore, at the metallic state of VO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> (80 °C), the designed metasurface converts into a mid-infrared broadband absorber, achieving higher than 80 % absorptivity and an average absorption of 90 % from 28.62 THz to 37.56 THz. The proposed metasurface enabling multifunctional performances in different temperatures can effectively improve the availability of devices and find more new and complex scenarios in sensing, imaging, and communications.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142398272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NanophotonicsPub Date : 2024-10-08DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0413
Gyu-Won Han, Jaewon Jang, Minsu Park, Hui Jae Cho, Jungchul Song, Yeonsang Park
{"title":"Large-scale fabrication of meta-axicon with circular polarization on CMOS platform","authors":"Gyu-Won Han, Jaewon Jang, Minsu Park, Hui Jae Cho, Jungchul Song, Yeonsang Park","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0413","url":null,"abstract":"Metasurfaces, consisting of arrays of subwavelength structures, are lightweight and compact while being capable of implementing the functions of traditional bulky optical components. Furthermore, they have the potential to significantly improve complex optical systems in terms of space and cost, as they can simultaneously implement multiple functions. The wafer-scale mass production method based on the CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) process plays a crucial role in the modern semiconductor industry. This approach can also be applied to the production of metasurfaces, thereby accelerating the entry of metasurfaces into industrial applications. In this study, we demonstrated the mass production of large-area <jats:italic>meta</jats:italic>-axicons with a diameter of 2 mm on an 8-inch wafer using DUV (Deep Ultraviolet) photolithography. The proposed <jats:italic>meta</jats:italic>-axicon designed here is based on PB (Pancharatnam–Berry) phase and is engineered to simultaneously modulate the phase and polarization of light. In practice, the fabricated <jats:italic>meta</jats:italic>-axicon generated a circularly polarized Bessel beam with a depth of focus (DoF) of approximately 2.3 mm in the vicinity of 980 nm. We anticipate that the mass production of large-area <jats:italic>meta</jats:italic>-axicons on this CMOS platform can offer various advantages in optical communication, laser drilling, optical trapping, and tweezing applications.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142385232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NanophotonicsPub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0367
Hong Zheng, Haiyang Hu, Thomas Weber, Juan Wang, Lin Nan, Bingsuo Zou, Stefan A. Maier, Andreas Tittl
{"title":"All-dielectric structural coloration empowered by bound states in the continuum","authors":"Hong Zheng, Haiyang Hu, Thomas Weber, Juan Wang, Lin Nan, Bingsuo Zou, Stefan A. Maier, Andreas Tittl","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0367","url":null,"abstract":"The technological requirements of low-power and high-fidelity color displays have been instrumental in driving research into advanced coloration technologies. At the forefront of these developments is the implementation of dye-free approaches, which overcome previous constraints related to color resolution and fading. Resonant dielectric nanostructures have emerged as a promising paradigm, showing great potential for high efficiency, high color saturation, wide gamut palette, and image reproduction. However, they still face limitations related to color accuracy, purity, and simultaneous brightness tunability. Here, we demonstrate an all-dielectric metasurface empowered by photonic bound states in the continuum (BICs), which supports sharp resonances throughout the visible spectral range, ideally suited for producing a wide range of structural colors. The metasurface design consists of TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> ellipses with carefully controlled sizes and geometrical asymmetry, allowing versatile and on-demand variation of the brightness and hue of the output colors, respectively.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142377289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NanophotonicsPub Date : 2024-10-04DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0326
Leila Prelat, Eduardo J. C. Dias, F. Javier García de Abajo
{"title":"Free-electron coupling to surface polaritons mediated by small scatterers","authors":"Leila Prelat, Eduardo J. C. Dias, F. Javier García de Abajo","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0326","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of surface polaritons (SPs) to enhance and manipulate light fields down to deep-subwavelength length scales enables applications in optical sensing and nonlinear optics at the nanoscale. However, the wavelength mismatch between light and SPs prevents direct optical excitation of surface-bound modes, thereby limiting the widespread development of SP-based photonics. Free electrons are a natural choice to directly excite strongly confined SPs because they can supply field components of high momentum at designated positions with subnanometer precision. Here, we theoretically explore free-electron–SP coupling mediated by small scatterers and show that low-energy electrons can efficiently excite surface modes with a maximum probability reached at an optimum surface–scatterer distance. By aligning the electron beam with a periodic array of scatterers placed near a polariton-supporting interface, in-plane Smith–Purcell emission results in the excitation of surface modes along well-defined directions. Our results support using scattering elements to excite SPs with low-energy electrons.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142377288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ultra-compact and high-precision differential detection method based on liquid crystal polarization grating for miniature atomic magnetometer","authors":"Zhibo Cui, Yuhao Wang, Ying Liu, Mingke Jin, Jie Sun, Yueyang Zhai, Xiangyang Zhou, Zhen Chai","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0309","url":null,"abstract":"Atomic magnetometers (AMs) that use alkali vapors, such as rubidium, are among the most sensitive sensors for magnetic field measurement. They commonly use polarization differential detection to mitigate common-mode noise. Nevertheless, traditional differential detection optics, including polarization beam splitters (PBS) and half-wave plates, are typically bulky and large, which restricts further reductions in sensor dimensions. In this study, a combination of liquid crystal polarization grating (LCPG) and liquid crystal quarter-wave plate is used for differential detection in AMs, with magnetic field strength determined by measuring the intensity of two diffracted beams from the LCPG. The experimental findings indicate that the fabricated LCPG exhibits a circularly polarized extinction ratio of 3,656 and achieves an average diffraction efficiency of 99 %. In addition, the differential detection method based on LCPG can achieve an angular resolution of 1.48 × 10<jats:sup>−7</jats:sup> rad. Subsequently, the method is employed in an AM to achieve an average magnetic sensitivity of 13.8 fT/Hz<jats:sup>1/2</jats:sup>. Compared to the PBS-based differential detection method, this method enhances the magnetometer response coefficient by 13 % and achieves co-side distribution of the two diffracted beams, thereby avoiding the need for additional vertical optical paths. The effective thickness of the detection optics is reduced to the micrometer scale, allowing for future integration as thin films onto microfabricated vapor cells. This study offers a practical solution for miniaturized AMs with exceptionally high sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142374120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NanophotonicsPub Date : 2024-09-28DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0243
Rubina Davtyan, Nicklas Anttu, Julia Valderas-Gutiérrez, Fredrik Höök, Heiner Linke
{"title":"Image analysis optimization for nanowire-based optical detection of molecules","authors":"Rubina Davtyan, Nicklas Anttu, Julia Valderas-Gutiérrez, Fredrik Höök, Heiner Linke","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0243","url":null,"abstract":"Semiconductor nanowires can enhance the signal of fluorescent molecules, thus significantly improving the limits of fluorescence detection in optical biosensing. In this work, we explore how the sensitivity can further be enhanced through “digital” detection of adequately spaced vertically aligned nanowires, employing single-emitter localization methods, and bright-field microscopy. Additionally, we introduce a systematic analysis pipeline aimed at harnessing this digital detection capability and evaluate its impact on detection sensitivity. Using a streptavidin-biotin assay, we demonstrate that single-emitter localization expands the dynamic range to encompass five orders of magnitude, enabling detections of concentrations ranging from 10 fM to 10 nM. This represents two to three orders of magnitude improvement in detection compared to methods that do not utilize single-emitter localization. We validate our analysis framework by simulating an artificial dataset based on numerical solutions of Maxwell’s equations. Furthermore, we benchmark our results against total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy and find, in time-resolved titration experiments, that nanowires offer higher sensitivity at the lowest concentrations, attributed to a combination of higher protein capture rate and higher intensity per single protein binding event. These findings suggest promising applications of nanowires in both endpoint and time-resolved biosensing.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142329206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}