NanophotonicsPub Date : 2025-01-30DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0603
Francesco Andreoli, Charlie-Ray Mann, Alexander A. High, Darrick E. Chang
{"title":"Metalens formed by structured arrays of atomic emitters","authors":"Francesco Andreoli, Charlie-Ray Mann, Alexander A. High, Darrick E. Chang","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0603","url":null,"abstract":"Arrays of atomic emitters have proven to be a promising platform to manipulate and engineer optical properties, due to their efficient cooperative response to near-resonant light. Here, we theoretically investigate their use as an efficient metalens. We show that, by spatially tailoring the (subwavelength) lattice constants of three consecutive two-dimensional arrays of identical atomic emitters, one can realize a large transmission coefficient with arbitrary position-dependent phase shift, whose robustness against losses is enhanced by the collective response. To characterize the efficiency of this atomic metalens, we perform large-scale numerical simulations involving a substantial number of atoms (<jats:italic>N</jats:italic> ∼ 5 × 10<jats:sup>5</jats:sup>) that is considerably larger than comparable works. Our results suggest that low-loss, robust optical devices with complex functionalities, ranging from metasurfaces to computer-generated holograms, could be potentially assembled from properly engineered arrays of atomic emitters.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143072064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NanophotonicsPub Date : 2025-01-29DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0524
Mads A. Jørgensen, Devashish Pandey, Ehsan Amooghorban, Sanshui Xiao, Nicolas Stenger, Martijn Wubs
{"title":"Collective single-photon emission and energy transfer in thin-layer dielectric and plasmonic systems","authors":"Mads A. Jørgensen, Devashish Pandey, Ehsan Amooghorban, Sanshui Xiao, Nicolas Stenger, Martijn Wubs","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0524","url":null,"abstract":"We study the collective photon decay of multiple quantum emitters embedded in a thin high-index dielectric layer such as hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), with and without a metal substrate. We first explore the significant role that guided modes including surface plasmon modes play in the collective decay of identical single-photon emitters (super- and subradiance). Surprisingly, on distances relevant for collective emission, the guided or surface-plasmon modes do not always enhance the collective emission. We identify configurations with inhibition, and others with enhancement of the dipole interaction due to the guided modes. We interpret our results in terms of local and cross densities of optical states. In the same structure, we show a remarkably favorable configuration for enhanced Förster resonance energy transfer between a donor and acceptor in the dielectric layer on a metallic substrate. We compare our results to theoretical limits for energy transfer efficiency.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NanophotonicsPub Date : 2025-01-29DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0598
Haerin Jeong, Nu-Ri Park, Byoung Jun Park, Moohyuk Kim, Jin Tae Kim, Myung-Ki Kim
{"title":"Highly sensitive microdisk laser sensor for refractive index sensing via periodic meta-hole patterning","authors":"Haerin Jeong, Nu-Ri Park, Byoung Jun Park, Moohyuk Kim, Jin Tae Kim, Myung-Ki Kim","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0598","url":null,"abstract":"Microdisk lasers have emerged as compact on-chip optical sensors due to their small size, simple structure, and efficient lasing capabilities. However, conventional microdisk laser sensors face challenges in enhancing interactions with external analytes, as their energy remains predominantly confined within the laser material. In this study, we present a novel microdisk laser sensor incorporating periodic meta-hole patterning, designed to enhance external interaction while maintaining the integrity of the whispering gallery mode (WGM). Numerical simulations show that in an InGaAsP microdisk laser (5 μm diameter, 250 nm thickness), the WGM remains stable with periodic meta-holes (period <jats:italic>a</jats:italic> = 340 nm, diameter <jats:italic>d</jats:italic> < 0.4<jats:italic>a</jats:italic>), achieving a resonant wavelength near 1,500 nm. The inclusion of meta-holes led to a substantial improvement in sensitivity, reaching up to 100.8 nm/RIU – a 2.26-fold increase over nonpatterned microdisks. Experimental validation confirmed lasing in structures with a <jats:italic>d</jats:italic>/<jats:italic>a</jats:italic> ratio of 0.32, achieving a maximum sensitivity of 74.5 nm/RIU, which represents a 2.02-fold enhancement compared to nonpatterned designs. This advancement in microdisk laser design not only opens new possibilities for high-performance, miniaturized optical sensors but also holds significant potential for integration into next-generation on-chip sensing technologies.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NanophotonicsPub Date : 2025-01-29DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0604
Jungkil Kim, Hoo-Cheol Lee, Hong-Gyu Park
{"title":"Nanoscale heat generation in a single Si nanowire","authors":"Jungkil Kim, Hoo-Cheol Lee, Hong-Gyu Park","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0604","url":null,"abstract":"We develop a nanoheater utilizing a single Si nanowire with a porous segment that produces localized heat. The 19-fold higher resistivity of the porous segment compared to the solid segment in the nanowire facilitates the substantial confinement of heat to the porous segment by Joule heating. The heat profiles of the nanowire are examined using scanning thermal microscopy, a direct thermal imaging technique. The profiles recorded along the longitudinal and cross-sectional axes of the nanowire reveal that heat is concentrated in the sub-micrometer region of the porous segment, whereas it is uniformly distributed along the whole axis of the homogeneous solid Si nanowire. Moreover, the HfO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>-passivated nanowire device exhibits a temperature increase above 10 °C within a 0.4 × 1 μm<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> area, which is advantageous compared to the 3.3 °C increase observed in the hBN-passivated device. These point heaters demonstrate considerable potential for future applications in biomedical engineering and optoelectronics.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NanophotonicsPub Date : 2025-01-29DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0547
Shaoqi Li, Wangzhe Zhou, Yiyi Li, Zhechun Lu, Fen Zhao, Xin He, Xinpeng Jiang, Te Du, Zhaojian Zhang, Yuehua Deng, Shengru Zhou, Hengchang Nong, Yang Yu, Zhenfu Zhang, Yunxin Han, Sha Huang, Jiagui Wu, Huan Chen, Junbo Yang
{"title":"Collision of high-resolution wide FOV metalens cameras and vision tasks","authors":"Shaoqi Li, Wangzhe Zhou, Yiyi Li, Zhechun Lu, Fen Zhao, Xin He, Xinpeng Jiang, Te Du, Zhaojian Zhang, Yuehua Deng, Shengru Zhou, Hengchang Nong, Yang Yu, Zhenfu Zhang, Yunxin Han, Sha Huang, Jiagui Wu, Huan Chen, Junbo Yang","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0547","url":null,"abstract":"Metalenses, with their compact form factor and unique optical capabilities, hold tremendous potential for advancing computer vision applications. In this work, we propose a high-resolution, large field-of-view (FOV) metalens intelligent recognition system, combining the latest YOLO framework, aimed at supporting a range of vision tasks. Specifically, we demonstrate its effectiveness in scanning, pose recognition, and object classification. The metalens we designed to achieve a 100° FOV while operating near the diffraction limit, as confirmed by experimental results. Moreover, the metalenses weigh only 0.1 g and occupy a compact volume of 0.04 cm<jats:sup>3</jats:sup>, effectively addressing the bulkiness of conventional lenses and overcoming the limitations of traditional metalens in spatial frequency transmission. This work highlights the transformative potential of metalenses in the field of computer vision, The integration of metalenses with computer vision opens exciting possibilities for next-generation imaging systems, offering both enhanced functionality and unprecedented miniaturization.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143056216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NanophotonicsPub Date : 2025-01-28DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0567
Ahmet Oguz Sakin, Ali Murat Demirtas, Hamza Kurt, Mehmet Unlu
{"title":"Ultrafast pulse propagation time-domain dynamics in dispersive one-dimensional photonic waveguides","authors":"Ahmet Oguz Sakin, Ali Murat Demirtas, Hamza Kurt, Mehmet Unlu","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0567","url":null,"abstract":"Ultrafast pulses, particularly those with durations under 100 fs, are crucial in achieving unprecedented precision and control in light–matter interactions. However, conventional on-chip photonic platforms are not inherently designed for ultrafast time-domain operations, posing a significant challenge in achieving essential parameters such as high peak power and high temporal resolution. This challenge is particularly pronounced when propagating through integrated waveguides with nonlinear and high-dispersion profiles. In addressing this challenge, we present a design methodology for ultrafast pulse propagation in dispersive integrated waveguides, specifically focused on enhancing the time-domain characteristics of one-dimensional grating waveguides (1DGWs). The proposed methodology aims to determine the optimal structural parameters for achieving maximum peak power, enhanced temporal resolution, and extended pulse storage duration during ultrafast pulse propagation. To validate this approach, we design and fabricate two specialized 1DGWs on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. A digital finite impulse response (FIR) model, trained with both transmission and phase measurement data, is employed to obtain ultrafast time-domain characteristics, enabling easy extraction of these results. Our approach achieves a 2.8-fold increase in peak power and reduces pulse broadening by 24 %, resulting in a smaller sacrifice in temporal resolution. These results can possibly pave the way for advanced light–matter interactions within dispersive integrated waveguides.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143054855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NanophotonicsPub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0504
Guocheng Shao, Tiankuang Zhou, Tao Yan, Yanchen Guo, Yun Zhao, Ruqi Huang, Lu Fang
{"title":"Reliable, efficient, and scalable photonic inverse design empowered by physics-inspired deep learning","authors":"Guocheng Shao, Tiankuang Zhou, Tao Yan, Yanchen Guo, Yun Zhao, Ruqi Huang, Lu Fang","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0504","url":null,"abstract":"On-chip computing metasystems composed of multilayer metamaterials have the potential to become the next-generation computing hardware endowed with light-speed processing ability and low power consumption but are hindered by current design paradigms. To date, neither numerical nor analytical methods can balance efficiency and accuracy of the design process. To address the issue, a physics-inspired deep learning architecture termed electromagnetic neural network (EMNN) is proposed to enable an efficient, reliable, and flexible paradigm of inverse design. EMNN consists of two parts: EMNN Netlet serves as a local electromagnetic field solver; Huygens–Fresnel Stitch is used for concatenating local predictions. It can make direct, rapid, and accurate predictions of full-wave field based on input fields of arbitrary variations and structures of nonfixed size. With the aid of EMNN, we design computing metasystems that can perform handwritten digit recognition and speech command recognition. EMNN increases the design speed by 17,000 times than that of the analytical model and reduces the modeling error by two orders of magnitude compared to the numerical model. By integrating deep learning techniques with fundamental physical principle, EMNN manifests great interpretability and generalization ability beyond conventional networks. Additionally, it innovates a design paradigm that guarantees both high efficiency and high fidelity. Furthermore, the flexible paradigm can be applicable to the unprecedentedly challenging design of large-scale, high-degree-of-freedom, and functionally complex devices embodied by on-chip optical diffractive networks, so as to further promote the development of computing metasystems.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NanophotonicsPub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0564
Tongxun Zhao, Yudian Wang, Ruihan Peng, Peng Wang, Fangwei Ye
{"title":"Optical branched flow in nonlocal nonlinear medium","authors":"Tongxun Zhao, Yudian Wang, Ruihan Peng, Peng Wang, Fangwei Ye","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0564","url":null,"abstract":"When light propagates through a randomly correlated, slowly varying medium, it generates optical branched flow. Previous studies have demonstrated that the self-focusing effect in optical media can accelerate the appearance of the first branching points and sharpen the filaments of branched flow. In this study, we investigate the influence of the nonlocality of the nonlinear response on branched flow. We find that, due to its averaging effect, as the range of nonlocality increases, the first branching point shifts to a greater distance, and the flow structures broaden, thus nonlocality ultimately restores the branched flow to its linear condition. We have developed a semi-analytical formula and confirmed the screening of the self-focusing effect on branching flow by nonlocality.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143049815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Photocurrent-induced harmonics in nanostructures","authors":"Ihar Babushkin, Anton Husakou, Liping Shi, Ayhan Demircan, Milutin Kovacev, Uwe Morgner","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0610","url":null,"abstract":"Photocurrent-induced harmonics appear in gases and solids due to tunnel ionization of electrons in strong fields and subsequent acceleration. In contrast to three-step harmonic emission, no return to the parent ions is necessary. Here we show that the same mechanism produces harmonics in metallic nanostructures in strong fields. Furthermore, we demonstrate how strong local field gradient, appearing as a consequence of the field enhancement, affects photocurrent-induced harmonics. This influence can shed light at the state of electron as it appears in the continuum, in particular, to its initial velocity.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143049823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
NanophotonicsPub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1515/nanoph-2024-0536
Junhyeong Kim, Jae-Yong Kim, Jungmin Kim, Yun Hyeong, Berkay Neseli, Jong-Bum You, Joonsup Shim, Jonghwa Shin, Hyo-Hoon Park, Hamza Kurt
{"title":"Inverse design of nanophotonic devices enabled by optimization algorithms and deep learning: recent achievements and future prospects","authors":"Junhyeong Kim, Jae-Yong Kim, Jungmin Kim, Yun Hyeong, Berkay Neseli, Jong-Bum You, Joonsup Shim, Jonghwa Shin, Hyo-Hoon Park, Hamza Kurt","doi":"10.1515/nanoph-2024-0536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2024-0536","url":null,"abstract":"Nanophotonics, which explores significant light–matter interactions at the nanoscale, has facilitated significant advancements across numerous research fields. A key objective in this area is the design of ultra-compact, high-performance nanophotonic devices to pave the way for next-generation photonics. While conventional brute-force, intuition-based forward design methods have produced successful nanophotonic solutions over the past several decades, recent developments in optimization methods and artificial intelligence offer new potential to expand these capabilities. In this review, we delve into the latest progress in the inverse design of nanophotonic devices, where AI and optimization methods are leveraged to automate and enhance the design process. We discuss representative methods commonly employed in nanophotonic design, including various meta-heuristic algorithms such as trajectory-based, evolutionary, and swarm-based approaches, in addition to adjoint-based optimization. Furthermore, we explore state-of-the-art deep learning techniques, involving discriminative models, generative models, and reinforcement learning. We also introduce and categorize several notable inverse-designed nanophotonic devices and their respective design methodologies. Additionally, we summarize the open-source inverse design tools and commercial foundries. Finally, we provide our perspectives on the current challenges of inverse design, while offering insights into future directions that could further advance this rapidly evolving field.","PeriodicalId":19027,"journal":{"name":"Nanophotonics","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}