Molecular Biology Research Communications最新文献

{"title":"MiR-200c-3p expression may be associated with worsening of the clinical course of patients with COVID-19.","authors":"Ruan Pimenta,&nbsp;Nayara I Viana,&nbsp;Gabriel A Dos Santos,&nbsp;Patrícia Candido,&nbsp;Vanessa R Guimarães,&nbsp;Poliana Romão,&nbsp;Iran A Silva,&nbsp;Juliana A de Camargo,&nbsp;Diná M Hatanaka,&nbsp;Paula G S Queiroz,&nbsp;Alexandre Teruya,&nbsp;Leandro Echenique,&nbsp;Bruno A M P Besen,&nbsp;Katia R M Leite,&nbsp;Victor Srougi,&nbsp;Miguel Srougi,&nbsp;Sabrina T Reis","doi":"10.22099/mbrc.2021.40555.1631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22099/mbrc.2021.40555.1631","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-19 represents a public health emergency, whose mechanism of which is not fully understood. It is speculated that microRNAs may play a crucial role in host cells after infection by SARS-CoV-2. Thus, our study aimed to analyze the expression of miR-200c-3p in saliva samples from patients with COVID-19. One handred eleven samples from patients with COVID-19 were divided into 4 groups. Group I: 39 patients negative for Covid-19; Group II: 37 positive and symptomatic patients, with no indication of hospitalization; Group III: 21 patients with respiratory disorders (hospitalized); Group IV: 14 patients with severe conditions (oxygen therapy). The expression levels of miR-200c-3p were determined using qPCR. We found greater expression of miR-200c-3p in patients in group IV (<i>p</i><0.0001), and also verified that patients aged ≥42 years had a higher expression of this miR (<i>p</i>=0.013). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the expression of miR-200c-3p and systemic arterial hypertension are factors independently associated with patients in group IV (<i>p</i><0.0001). Our results suggest that miR-200c-3p is a predictor of severity independent of COVID-19 risk factors, which could represent a way of screening patients affected by SARS-CoV-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":19025,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology Research Communications","volume":"10 3","pages":"141-147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8340313/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39379463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telomeric zinc-finger associated protein (TZAP) in cancer biology: friend or foe?","authors":"Gabriel Arantes Dos Santos,&nbsp;Nayara Izabel Viana,&nbsp;Ruan Pimenta,&nbsp;Juliana Alves de Camargo,&nbsp;Sabrina T Reis,&nbsp;Katia Ramos Moreira Leite,&nbsp;Miguel Srougi","doi":"10.22099/mbrc.2021.40106.1607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22099/mbrc.2021.40106.1607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The new identified protein telomeric zinc-finger associated protein (TZAP) is a negative regulator of telomere length. Since telomere length and telomere maintenance mechanisms are essential to cancer progression, TZAP is considered a new player in cancer biology. Here we aimed to analyze TZAP using the Cancer Genome Atlas data in a Pan-Cancer approach. We gathering data from TCGA Pan-Cancer studies utilizing cBioPortal, GEPIA and UALCAN. In total we analyzed 33 types of cancer (n=9664) and their respective controls (n=711). TZAP is transcribed in all cancers but less than 5% of all tumors show any somatic changes. TZAP was downregulated in kidney chromophobe carcinoma, and upregulated in esophageal cancer, head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, kidney renal clear cell carcinoma and in liver hepatocellular carcinoma. Globally, TZAP expression is related to favorable prognosis, associated to better overall and disease-free survival. Looking to specific tumors, TZAP expression has a dual behavior. Its downregulation is associated with poor prognosis in cervical squamous cell carcinoma, in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma, kidney papillary cell carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma and pancreas adenocarcinoma. On the contrary, in adrenocortical carcinoma, colon and rectal cancer, brain lower grade glioma and prostate adenocarcinoma the upregulation of TZAP is related with poor prognosis. TZAP expression has a positive correlation with TRF1 and TRF2 in normal tissue but not in cancer. Our analyses indicate that TZAP has an important role in oncology and may be considered as a potential biomarker.</p>","PeriodicalId":19025,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology Research Communications","volume":"10 3","pages":"121-129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8340314/pdf/mbrc-10-121.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39380917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prokaryotic expression of chimeric GFP-hFc protein as a potential immune-based tool.","authors":"Thanh-Tan Nguyen,&nbsp;Hai-Vy Vo-Nguyen,&nbsp;Hieu Tran-Van","doi":"10.22099/mbrc.2021.39728.1588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22099/mbrc.2021.39728.1588","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>GFP is an old-yet-powerful protein marker, which has been widely used in molecular biotechnology due to its capacity of exhibiting bright green fluorescence when exposed to ultraviolet light. The hFc region of IgG antibodies is a specific binding ligand of expressed receptors on immune cells with well-known cellular-associated functions like opsonization and phagocytosis. In this present study, we proceeded to fuse <i>gfp-hfc</i> gene into pET-28a to create a recombinant pET-28a-gfp-hfc vector. The expression of GPF-hFc was induced by IPTG and confirmed using SDS-PAGE and followed by Western blot probed with 6xHis antibodies. This chimeric protein was utilized in specific binding experiments with protein A/G-coated magnetic beads using a fluorescence microscope. Due to its fluorescence and binding ability, GFP-hFc could be used as a model molecule for monitoring molecule detection studies, tracking nanoparticle migration and distribution, or stimulating immune responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":19025,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology Research Communications","volume":"10 3","pages":"105-108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8340316/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39380914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of <i>SALL4</i> and <i>Nodal</i> in the prognosis and tamoxifen resistance of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.","authors":"Arad Boustan,&nbsp;Fatemeh Mosaffa,&nbsp;Rosa Jahangiri,&nbsp;Hamid Heidarian-Miri,&nbsp;Asefeh Dahmardeh-Ghalehno,&nbsp;Khadijeh Jamialahmadi","doi":"10.22099/mbrc.2021.39878.1597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22099/mbrc.2021.39878.1597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the discovery of a number of different mechanisms underlying tamoxifen resistance, its molecular pathway is not completely clear. The upregulation of <i>SALL4</i> and <i>Nodal</i> has been reported in breast cancer. Nevertheless, their role in tamoxifen resistance has not been investigated. In the present study, we compared <i>Nodal</i> and <i>SALL4</i> expression in 72 tamoxifen sensitive (TAMS) and tamoxifen-resistant (TAMR) patients. Afterward, the correlation of expression data with clinicopathological features and survival of patients was studied. Results showed that both <i>SALL4</i> and <i>Nodal</i> were significantly upregulated in TAMR compared to TAMS patients. Besides, there was a positive association between <i>Nodal</i> and <i>SALL4</i> expression. Furthermore, we evaluated their correlation with the expression of <i>Oct4</i>, <i>Nanog</i> and <i>Sox2</i> stemness markers. The results demonstrated that in most tissue samples there was a positive correlation between <i>Nodal</i> and <i>SALL4</i> expression with these stemness markers. Besides, the overexpression of <i>SALL4</i> and <i>Nodal</i> significantly correlated with the N stage. Moreover, the overexpression of <i>SALL4</i> was associated with extracapsular invasion and lymphatic invasion. High level expressions of <i>SALL4</i> and <i>Nodal</i> had a significant association with worse disease-free survival (DFS) rates. In addition, increased level of <i>Nodal</i> expression provides a superior predictor factor for DFS. The multivariate Cox regression analysis also revealed that for DFS, perineural invasion (PNI) was independently an unfavorable prognostic value. These findings suggest that the high expression of <i>SALL4</i> and <i>Nodal</i> could contribute to tamoxifen resistance and worse survival rates in tamoxifen-treated ER⁺ breast cancer patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19025,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology Research Communications","volume":"10 3","pages":"109-119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8340312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39380916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In silico</i> identification of promising inhibitor against RNA-dependent RNA polymerase target of SARS-CoV-2.","authors":"Pushpendra Singh,&nbsp;Manish Kumar Tripathi,&nbsp;Mohammad Yasir,&nbsp;Ruchi Khare,&nbsp;Rahul Shrivastava","doi":"10.22099/mbrc.2021.40367.1621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22099/mbrc.2021.40367.1621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The severe acute respiratory syndrome is a viral respiratory disease recognised as COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Formerly, no precise remedies are available, and many studies regarding COVID-19 prevention and treatment are under development. Several targets for the design of drugs are identified, and studies are in headway to explore the potential target. RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) protein identified as a promising target against SARS-CoV-2 infection for the drug design due to its significant role in viral replication. The present study focuses on identifying the binding effect of previously known RdRp inhibitors with RdRp of SARS-CoV-2 using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation approaches. Molecular docking and binding free energy calculations against RdRp enzyme identified suramin as a potential compound that showed the highest docking score of -7.83 Kcal/mole and binding energy of -80.83 Kcal/mole as a comparison to other compounds. Further, molecular dynamics simulation studies were moreover showed the stable binding behaviour of suramin docked complex in the protein active site. Thus, the study concludes that suramin might be helpful as a potential inhibitor against RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of SRAS-CoV-2. However, further investigation is needed to assess the possible effect of inhibitors on RdRp through <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":19025,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology Research Communications","volume":"10 3","pages":"131-140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8340315/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39380918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct multiplex recombinase polymerase amplification for rapid detection of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in food","authors":"D. H. Tran, H. T. Tran, T. M. Pham, H. Phung","doi":"10.22099/mbrc.2021.41503.1664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22099/mbrc.2021.41503.1664","url":null,"abstract":"Foodborne illness undermines human health by causing fever, stomachache and even lethality. Among foodborne bacterial pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are of extraordinary significance which drive reasons of food and beverage poisoning in numerous cases. Today, PCR has been widely used to examine the presence of different foodborne pathogens. However, PCR requires specialized equipment and skillful personnel which limit its application in the field. Recently, there is an emerging of isothermal PCR methods in which the reactions occur at low and constant temperature, allowing their application in restricted-resource settings. In this work, multiplex Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) was used to simultaneously detect S. aureus and P. aeruginosa with high sensitivity and specificity. The limit detection of multiplex RPA was 10 and 30 fg/reaction of genomic DNAs of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively. Besides, the reaction time was reduced to only 25 minutes with a low incubation temperature of 39 °C. Markedly, multiplex RPA reactions succeeded to directly detect as low as 1 and 5 CFU/reaction of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa cells, respectively without the requirement of extracting DNA genome. Moreover, the multiplex RPA reliably detected the two foodborne bacteria in milk, fruit juice and bottled water samples. In general, the direct multiplex RPA described in this study is a rapid, simple, sensitive and efficient alternative tool that could be used to detect the presence of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa without the necessity of costly devices and high-trained staff.","PeriodicalId":19025,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology Research Communications","volume":"11 1","pages":"1 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49483745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced inulin production by hairy root cultures of <i>Cichorium intybus</i> in response to Pi and Fe starvation.","authors":"Somayeh Tabatabaee,&nbsp;Forough Sanjarian,&nbsp;Tahmineh Lohrasebi,&nbsp;Mahsan Karimi","doi":"10.22099/mbrc.2021.38031.1527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22099/mbrc.2021.38031.1527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Cichorium intybus</i> is rich in inulin and has several pharmacological applications. Hairy roots culture is a valuable biotechnological tool used to produce plant secondary metabolites. <i>Agrobacterium rhizogenes</i>-mediated genetic transformation of chicory to hairy roots was investigated using Agrobacterium Strains A4, A13, A7, and ATCC15834. Several hairy roots were tested, from which 17 lines were selected based on their fast-growing characteristics. Results of PCR analysis revealed foreign DNA integration into the selected transgenic hairy root lines. Finally, four Adventitious roots that contained the highest ratio of total sugar to total weight (µg/gr DW), were selected. This study investigated the effects of various levels of minerals and sucrose on the production of inulin in Cichorium hairy root culture. Different levels of sucrose, phosphate (Pi) and Iron (Fe) were evaluated, separately. It was found that an increase in sucrose levels from 3 to 5% could decrease the root growth; however, 60 g/l sucrose remarkably enhanced the inulin production rate in all the examined lines. The highest biomass was achieved by applying 3.75 mM Pi but it ended in the decreasing the inulin content per unit weight. In contrast, the highest inulin accumulation and the lowest amount of biomass were observed in 0.5 mM Pi. Fe starvation caused the biomass decrease and a significant increase in inulin accumulation. Results of this study suggest a successfully optimized culture medium to initiate the induction of <i>Cichorium intybus</i> hairy root cells to produce inulin as a valuable medicinal secondary metabolite.</p>","PeriodicalId":19025,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology Research Communications","volume":"10 2","pages":"85-91"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8310654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39233458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental validation of a predicted microRNA within human <i>FVIII</i> gene.","authors":"Shahabeddin Jalali-Qomi, Majid Motovali-Bashi, Halimeh Rezaei, Sheyda Khalilian","doi":"10.22099/mbrc.2021.39067.1573","DOIUrl":"10.22099/mbrc.2021.39067.1573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hemophilia A is an X-linked bleeding disorder that occurs due to the deficiency of Factor VIII (FVIII) protein clotting activity. The mutations in the <i>F8</i> gene, which encodes FVIII coagulating protein have been widely reviewed. However, there is a wide range of criteria that in addition to <i>F8</i> gene mutations, different molecular mechanisms may be associated with hemophilia A. Various functions of FVIII could be related to the hypothetical small non-coding RNAs, located within the <i>F8</i> gene sequence. Therefore, miRNAs that can post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression might confer susceptibility to developing hemophilia A. Here, we have selected a bioinformatically predicted hairpin structure sequence in the first intron of the <i>F8</i> gene that has the potential to produce a real miRNA (named put-miR1). We tried to experimentally detect the predicted miRNA via RT-PCR following its precursor overexpression in HEK 293 cell lines. Despite the accuracy of miRNA prediction, according to the reliable bioinformatics studies, we couldn't confirm the existence of considered mature miRNA in transfected cells. We hope that through changing experimental conditions, designing new primers, or altering cell lines and expression vectors, the exogenous and endogenous expression of the predicted miRNA will be confirmed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19025,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology Research Communications","volume":"10 2","pages":"45-53"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8310658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39227535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria and bacteriophages isolated from wastewater in Shiraz.","authors":"Sahar Zare,&nbsp;Abdollah Derakhshandeh,&nbsp;Ali Mohammadi,&nbsp;Masoud Noshadi","doi":"10.22099/mbrc.2021.39468.1584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22099/mbrc.2021.39468.1584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Generally, the high widespread presence of antimicrobial resistance, and the next freeing into aquatic environments which provide a situation for transmission of these genes in water is because of the abuse of the antimicrobial drugs in both medicine and veterinary medicine. In aquatic environment, bacteriophages could have an important role in sharing antimicrobial resistance genes. The purpose of this study was to assess three important antibiotic resistance genes including two β-lactamases (blaTEM, blaSHV) and sul1 gene, referring to resistance to sulfonamides, in both bacteria and phage DNA fractions of wastewater samples, Shiraz, Iran, using polymerase chain reaction. The prevalence of those genes was extremely high and equal to 100% in bacterial DNA, while these rates were lower in phage DNA fractions as 66.66%, 66.66% and 58.33% for blaTEM, blaSHV and sul1, respectively. In conclusion, detection of mentioned genes in bacterial and phage DNA fractions from ambient water is considerable, so the possibility of harbouring and transferring of antibiotic resistance genes by phages needs to be explored in the future. Also, available data is a reputable endorsement that wastewater is a hotspot for these kinds of genes to spread in the environment. Based on our knowledge, this is the first report of blaTEM and bla SHV and sul1 genes in bacterial and phage DNA fractions insulated from urban wastewater and environment in Iran.</p>","PeriodicalId":19025,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology Research Communications","volume":"10 2","pages":"73-83"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8310656/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39227537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro osteogenic induction of human adipose stem cells co-treated with betaine/osteogenesis differentiation medium.","authors":"Tayebeh Sadat Tabatabai,&nbsp;Maryam Haji-Ghasem-Kashani,&nbsp;Meysam Nasiri","doi":"10.22099/mbrc.2021.39354.1578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22099/mbrc.2021.39354.1578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) are widely used in regenerative medicine and affected by many biochemical and biophysical stimuli in vivo. Betaine has been reported to be a type of osteogenic stimulating biochemical factor. This study aimed to investigate the effects of betaine; on osteogenic differentiation of cultured hADSCs in osteogenesis differentiation medium. Mesenchymal stem cells were extracted from women undergoing liposuction after obtaining written consent and cultured in vitro. The cells at passage 4 were confirmed by flow cytometry and differentiated into osteocytes and adipocytes. Experimental groups were the cells cultured in osteogenesis differentiation medium (control), cultured in α-MEM and 10% serum-containing Betaine (BET) ,and cultured in osteogenesis differentiation medium containing 10 mM Betaine (OD+BET). After 14 and 21 days of treatment, osteogenic differentiation and the expression of <i>RUNX2</i> and <i>OCN</i> genes were assessed by qualitative and quantitative Alizarin red staining and real-time PCR. There were significant increases in the calcium matrix deposits, alkaline phosphatase activity ,and expression of <i>RUNX2</i> and <i>OCN</i> genes in the OD+BET group compared to the BET group. At the end of day 14, the calcium matrix formation was significantly decreased the in BET group compared to the control. Treatment of hADSCs with Betaine, and osteogenesis differentiation medium leads to increased alkaline phosphatase activity, matrix calcium deposits and expression of <i>RUNX2</i> and <i>OCN</i> genes and finally stimulated osteogenesis. This kind of treatment could be used to support bone regeneration in the future of tissue engineering.</p>","PeriodicalId":19025,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biology Research Communications","volume":"10 2","pages":"93-103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8310653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39233459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}