{"title":"Gut instincts — the origins of the incretin effect","authors":"Sinéad Cadogan","doi":"10.1038/s41574-025-01109-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41574-025-01109-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18916,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology","volume":"21 6","pages":"329-329"},"PeriodicalIF":31.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143766478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A new model predicts the best medication for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"Olivia Tysoe","doi":"10.1038/s41574-025-01105-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41574-025-01105-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18916,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology","volume":"21 5","pages":"268-268"},"PeriodicalIF":31.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143703044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paul Schwarzlmueller, Alexandra Triebig, Guillaume Assié, Anne Jouinot, Sebastian Theurich, Tanja Maier, Felix Beuschlein, Sebastian Kobold, Matthias Kroiss
{"title":"Steroid hormones as modulators of anti-tumoural immunity","authors":"Paul Schwarzlmueller, Alexandra Triebig, Guillaume Assié, Anne Jouinot, Sebastian Theurich, Tanja Maier, Felix Beuschlein, Sebastian Kobold, Matthias Kroiss","doi":"10.1038/s41574-025-01102-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41574-025-01102-2","url":null,"abstract":"Immune evasion is a hallmark of cancer progression but the role of steroid hormones in this evasion has long been underrated. This oversight is particularly notable for glucocorticoids given that exogenous glucocorticoids remain a cornerstone therapy in various oncological treatment regimens, supportive care and treatment of immune-related adverse events caused by immune-checkpoint inhibitors. Cortisol, the main endogenous glucocorticoid in humans, is secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to stress. Additionally, cortisol and its inactive metabolite cortisone can be interconverted to further modulate tissue-dependent glucocorticoid action. In the past 5 years, intratumoural production of glucocorticoids, by both immune and tumour cells, has been shown to support tumour immune evasion. Here, we summarize current progress at the crossroads of endocrinology and immuno-oncology. We outline the known effects of steroid hormones on different immune cell types with a focus on glucocorticoids and androgens. We conclude with options for pharmaceutical intervention, including the engineering of cell-based therapies that resist the immunosuppressive action of steroid hormones. Overall, local steroid production and metabolism are emerging elements of tumour immune suppression that are potentially amenable to therapeutic intervention. Targeting steroid hormones to enhance anticancer therapies could increase their efficacy but will require expertise in endocrine care. Cancer immunotherapies utilize the immune system to attack tumour cells but steroid hormones have immunosuppressive effects that can reduce immunotherapy efficacy. This Review discusses the role of steroid hormones, both endogenous and exogenous, on tumour-associated immune cells and cancer immunotherapies.","PeriodicalId":18916,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology","volume":"21 6","pages":"331-343"},"PeriodicalIF":31.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143695426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chantelle Rizan, Jeanette M. Rotchell, Pei Chia Eng, Bernard Robaire, Corina Ciocan, Nitin Kapoor, Sanjay Kalra, Jodi D. Sherman
{"title":"Mitigating the environmental effects of healthcare: the role of the endocrinologist","authors":"Chantelle Rizan, Jeanette M. Rotchell, Pei Chia Eng, Bernard Robaire, Corina Ciocan, Nitin Kapoor, Sanjay Kalra, Jodi D. Sherman","doi":"10.1038/s41574-025-01098-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41574-025-01098-9","url":null,"abstract":"Human health depends on planetary health, and yet healthcare provision can have unintended consequences for the health of the planet. Emissions from the healthcare sector include greenhouse gases, air pollution and plastic pollution, alongside chemical contamination. Chemical pollution resulting in endocrine disruption has been associated with plastics, which are a source of concerning additives such as phthalates, bisphenols, perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, and flame retardants (all routinely found in healthcare products). Many endocrine-disrupting chemicals are persistent and ubiquitous in the environment (including water and food sources), with potential secondary harms for human health, including disrupting reproductive, metabolic and thyroid function. Here we review evidence-based strategies for mitigating environmental effects of healthcare delivery. We focus on what endocrinologists can do, including reducing demand for healthcare services through better preventative health, focusing on high-value care and improving sustainability of medical equipment and pharmaceuticals through adopting circular economy principles (including reduce, reuse and, as a last resort, recycle). The specific issue of endocrine-disrupting chemicals might be mitigated through responsible disposal and processing, alongside advocating for the use of alternative materials and replacing additive chemicals with those that have lower toxicity profiles, as well as tighter regulations. We must work to urgently transition to sustainable models of care provision, minimizing negative effects on human and planetary health. This Review discusses the environmental effects of healthcare, including the effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Strategies to improve the sustainability of healthcare are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":18916,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology","volume":"21 6","pages":"344-359"},"PeriodicalIF":31.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yulan Chu, Jordan Setayesh, Typhanie Dumontet, Lauren Krumeich, Johanna Werner, Isabele F. Moretti, Kelly De Sousa, Christopher Kennedy, Christopher La Pensee, Antonio M. Lerario, Gary D. Hammer
{"title":"Adrenocortical stem cells in health and disease","authors":"Yulan Chu, Jordan Setayesh, Typhanie Dumontet, Lauren Krumeich, Johanna Werner, Isabele F. Moretti, Kelly De Sousa, Christopher Kennedy, Christopher La Pensee, Antonio M. Lerario, Gary D. Hammer","doi":"10.1038/s41574-025-01091-2","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41574-025-01091-2","url":null,"abstract":"The adrenal cortex is the major site of production of steroid hormones, which are essential for life. The normal development and homeostatic renewal of the adrenal cortex depend on capsular stem cells and cortical progenitor cells. These cell populations are highly plastic and support adaptation to physiological demands, injury and disease, linking steroid production and adrenal (organ) homeostasis with systemic endocrine cues and organismal homeostasis. This Review integrates findings from the past decade, outlining the mechanisms that govern the establishment and maintenance of the adrenal stem cell niche under different physiological and pathological conditions. The sophisticated regulation of the stem cell niche by gene regulatory networks, coordinated through paracrine and endocrine signalling, is highlighted in a context-dependent and sex-specific manner. We discuss how dysregulation of this intricate regulatory network is implicated in a wide range of adrenal diseases, and how emerging knowledge from adrenal stem cell research is inspiring the future development of gene-based and cell-based therapeutic strategies. This Review outlines the mechanisms that regulate the establishment and maintenance of the adrenal stem cell niche — comprising capsular stem cells and cortical progenitor cells — within the adrenal cortex under different physiological and pathological conditions.","PeriodicalId":18916,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology","volume":"21 8","pages":"464-481"},"PeriodicalIF":31.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Leptin–thyroid hormone axis affects energy use in muscle","authors":"Claire Greenhill","doi":"10.1038/s41574-025-01103-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41574-025-01103-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18916,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology","volume":"21 5","pages":"268-268"},"PeriodicalIF":31.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phillip J. White, Nicolai J. Wewer Albrechtsen, Jonathan E. Campbell
{"title":"Islet hormones at the intersection of glucose and amino acid metabolism","authors":"Phillip J. White, Nicolai J. Wewer Albrechtsen, Jonathan E. Campbell","doi":"10.1038/s41574-025-01100-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41574-025-01100-4","url":null,"abstract":"The pancreatic islets of Langerhans are central to fine-tuning metabolism to ensure metabolic homeostasis during the transition between fasting and feeding. Insulin and glucagon, the principal hormones generated and secreted by islets, exert powerful control in various metabolic tissues to drive nutrient uptake, storage and metabolism. Their canonical actions on glycaemia have positioned these hormones in opposition, however, their metabolic actions extend beyond controlling blood levels of glucose. Indeed, these islet hormones are just as influential in regulating lipid and amino acid metabolism and it is becoming clear that many of these actions involve an interplay between insulin and glucagon, which is contrary to the dogmatic view that these hormones are antagonistic in nature. Finally, we postulate that examining the effects of islet hormones on the metabolism of individual metabolites is overly simplistic. Here, we discuss the actions of each islet hormone alone and in combination with the others in regulating glucose and amino acid metabolism and explore how these signalling networks are closely linked and strongly influence one another. This Review discusses how levels of glucose, amino acids and lipids influence islet hormone secretion. The authors also discuss how crosstalk between α-cells, β-cells and δ-cells regulates islet hormone secretion and how islet hormones control the metabolism of different nutrients.","PeriodicalId":18916,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology","volume":"21 7","pages":"397-412"},"PeriodicalIF":31.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143569468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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