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The effects of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus on bone health in chronic kidney disease 1型和2型糖尿病对慢性肾病患者骨骼健康的影响
IF 40.5 1区 医学
Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-01083-8
Jasna Aleksova, Peter Ebeling, Grahame Elder
{"title":"The effects of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus on bone health in chronic kidney disease","authors":"Jasna Aleksova, Peter Ebeling, Grahame Elder","doi":"10.1038/s41574-024-01083-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-024-01083-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fracture is an under-recognized but common complication of diabetes mellitus, with an incidence approaching twofold in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and up to sevenfold in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) compared with that in the general population. Both T1DM and T2DM induce chronic hyperglycaemia, leading to the accumulation of advanced glycosylation end products that affect osteoblast function, increased collagen crosslinking and a senescence phenotype promoting inflammation. Together with an increased incidence of microvascular disease and an increased risk of vitamin D deficiency, these factors reduce bone quality, thereby increasing bone fragility. In T1DM, reduced anabolic stimuli as well as the presence of autoimmune conditions might also contribute to reduced bone mass and increased fragility. Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of kidney failure, and fracture risk is exacerbated when chronic kidney disease (CKD)-related mineral and bone disorders are superimposed on diabetic changes. Microvascular pathology, cortical thinning and trabecular deterioration are particularly prominent in patients with T1DM and CKD, who suffer more fragility fractures than do other patients with CKD. This Review explores the pathophysiology of bone fragility in patients with diabetes mellitus and CKD and discusses techniques to predict fracture and pharmacotherapy that might reduce fracture risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":18916,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142986015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring the functions of the myokine feimin 探索肌动蛋白 feimin 的功能
IF 40.5 1区 医学
Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-01-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-025-01086-z
Claire Greenhill
{"title":"Exploring the functions of the myokine feimin","authors":"Claire Greenhill","doi":"10.1038/s41574-025-01086-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-025-01086-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Skeletal muscle produces a range of myokines, which have various effects throughout the body. Two new studies published in <i>Nature Metabolism</i> have identified a myokine that they have termed feimin, and characterized its effects on glucose homeostasis and exercise performance.</p><p>Using mice with whole-body knockout of the gene encoding feimin or one of various organ-specific knockout models (for example, intestine or muscle), the authors demonstrated that feimin was secreted from the skeletal muscle in response to feeding. Furthermore, mice with skeletal muscle knockout of the gene encoding feimin had increased blood levels of glucose and decreased hepatic and muscle glycogen storage following feeding, compared with wild-type mice. This finding suggests that feimin has a role in regulating glucose homeostasis. “In contrast to the action of insulin, our findings demonstrate that feimin signalling operates through a distinct mechanism; it exerts a slower, weaker, yet more sustained effect on AKT activation and glucose regulation,” explains Wang. “This suggests that insulin functions as a coarse adjustment mechanism, while feimin finetunes glucose homeostasis.”</p>","PeriodicalId":18916,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142981175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Management, biomarkers and prognosis in people developing endocrinopathies associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors 与免疫检查点抑制剂相关的内分泌疾病患者的管理、生物标志物和预后
IF 40.5 1区 医学
Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-01-09 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-01077-6
Shintaro Iwama, Tomoko Kobayashi, Hiroshi Arima
{"title":"Management, biomarkers and prognosis in people developing endocrinopathies associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors","authors":"Shintaro Iwama, Tomoko Kobayashi, Hiroshi Arima","doi":"10.1038/s41574-024-01077-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-024-01077-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including endocrine irAEs, can occur in response to cancer immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Of the endocrine irAEs, pituitary and thyroid irAEs are most frequently observed, followed by primary adrenal insufficiency, type 1 diabetes mellitus and hypoparathyroidism. Notably, pituitary irAEs and type 1 diabetes mellitus can be lethal if overlooked, potentially leading to adrenal crisis and diabetic ketoacidosis, respectively. On the other hand, pituitary and thyroid irAEs are reported to be associated with more favourable prognoses in some cancers if treated appropriately with hormone-replacement therapies. It would be useful to identify those people who are likely to develop endocrine irAEs before initiating therapy with ICIs. Anti-pituitary antibodies and thyroid autoantibodies have been identified as potential biomarkers for the development of pituitary and thyroid irAEs, respectively. This Review elaborates on the clinical characteristics and management strategies of several endocrine irAEs, using the latest research findings and guidelines published by several academic societies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18916,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142936994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Metabolic effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy 性别确认激素治疗的代谢影响
IF 40.5 1区 医学
Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-01-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-01084-7
Senegal Carty
{"title":"Metabolic effects of gender-affirming hormone therapy","authors":"Senegal Carty","doi":"10.1038/s41574-024-01084-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-024-01084-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As the field of gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) evolves, research into how this type of treatment affects metabolism is needed to continually improve healthcare for transgender individuals.</p><p>Twenty transgender men and 15 transgender women participated in the study. GAHT was administered independently of the study, so there was variation in the treatment regimens within each group. Before GAHT began, the researchers used magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine the ratio of abdominal visceral adipose tissue (VAT) to abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in each participant. The investigators also used magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine lipid content within the participants’ hearts, livers and pancreases. In addition, the investigators measured blood cholesterol and performed anthropometric measurements. Each of these procedures was repeated 6 months after GAHT began.</p>","PeriodicalId":18916,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142935823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bile acid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus 2型糖尿病患者胆汁酸代谢
IF 40.5 1区 医学
Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-01067-8
Marti Cadena Sandoval, Rebecca A. Haeusler
{"title":"Bile acid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"Marti Cadena Sandoval, Rebecca A. Haeusler","doi":"10.1038/s41574-024-01067-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-024-01067-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a complex disorder associated with insulin resistance and hyperinsulinaemia that is insufficient to maintain normal glucose metabolism. Changes in insulin signalling and insulin levels are thought to directly explain many of the metabolic abnormalities that occur in diabetes mellitus, such as impaired glucose disposal. However, molecules that are directly affected by abnormal insulin signalling might subsequently go on to cause secondary metabolic effects that contribute to the pathology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the past several years, evidence has linked insulin resistance with the concentration, composition and distribution of bile acids. As bile acids are known to regulate glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and energy balance, these findings suggest that bile acids are potential mediators of metabolic distress in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this Review, we highlight advances in our understanding of the complex regulation of bile acids during insulin resistance, as well as how bile acids contribute to metabolic control.</p>","PeriodicalId":18916,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
International consensus guidelines on the implementation and monitoring of vosoritide therapy in individuals with achondroplasia 关于软骨发育不全患者实施和监测沃索里肽治疗的国际共识指南
IF 40.5 1区 医学
Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-01074-9
Ravi Savarirayan, Julie Hoover-Fong, Keiichi Ozono, Philippe Backeljauw, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Kristen DeAndrade, Penny Ireland, Melita Irving, Juan Llerena Junior, Mohamad Maghnie, Margaret Menzel, Nadia Merchant, Klaus Mohnike, Susana Noval Iruretagoyena, Keita Okada, Svein Otto Fredwall
{"title":"International consensus guidelines on the implementation and monitoring of vosoritide therapy in individuals with achondroplasia","authors":"Ravi Savarirayan, Julie Hoover-Fong, Keiichi Ozono, Philippe Backeljauw, Valérie Cormier-Daire, Kristen DeAndrade, Penny Ireland, Melita Irving, Juan Llerena Junior, Mohamad Maghnie, Margaret Menzel, Nadia Merchant, Klaus Mohnike, Susana Noval Iruretagoyena, Keita Okada, Svein Otto Fredwall","doi":"10.1038/s41574-024-01074-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-024-01074-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Achondroplasia is the most common genetic form of short-limbed skeletal dysplasia (dwarfism). Clinical manifestations and complications can affect individuals across the lifespan, including the need for adaptations for activities of daily living, which can affect quality of life. Current international guidelines focus on symptomatic management, with little discussion regarding potential medication, as therapeutic options were limited at the time of their publication. Vosoritide is the first pharmacological, precision treatment for achondroplasia; it was approved for use in 2021, creating a need for vosoritide treatment guidelines to support clinicians. An international collaborative of leading experts and patient advocates was formed to develop this Consensus Statement. The group developed the guideline scope and topics during a hybrid meeting in November 2023; guideline statements were subsequently ratified via Delphi methodology using a predefined consensus threshold. These statements provide recommendations across the treatment pathway, from starting treatment with vosoritide through ongoing monitoring and evaluation, to stopping vosoritide and ongoing monitoring following cessation. These guidelines recommend a minimum set of requirements and a practical framework for professionals and health services worldwide regarding the use of vosoritide to treat infants, children and young people with achondroplasia. This Consensus Statement is a supplement to already established consensus guidelines for management and care of individuals with achondroplasia.</p>","PeriodicalId":18916,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enhancing adipose tissue plasticity: progenitor cell roles in metabolic health 增强脂肪组织可塑性：祖细胞在代谢健康中的作用
IF 40.5 1区 医学
Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-01071-y
Simon Lecoutre, Clémentine Rebière, Salwan Maqdasy, Mélanie Lambert, Sébastien Dussaud, Jimon Boniface Abatan, Isabelle Dugail, Emmanuel L. Gautier, Karine Clément, Geneviève Marcelin
{"title":"Enhancing adipose tissue plasticity: progenitor cell roles in metabolic health","authors":"Simon Lecoutre, Clémentine Rebière, Salwan Maqdasy, Mélanie Lambert, Sébastien Dussaud, Jimon Boniface Abatan, Isabelle Dugail, Emmanuel L. Gautier, Karine Clément, Geneviève Marcelin","doi":"10.1038/s41574-024-01071-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-024-01071-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Adipose tissue demonstrates considerable plasticity and heterogeneity, enabling metabolic, cellular and structural adaptations to environmental signals. This adaptability is key for maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Impaired adipose tissue plasticity can lead to abnormal adipose tissue responses to metabolic cues, which contributes to the development of cardiometabolic diseases. In chronic obesity, white adipose tissue undergoes pathological remodelling marked by adipocyte hypertrophy, chronic inflammation and fibrosis, which are linked to local and systemic insulin resistance. Research data suggest that the capacity for healthy or unhealthy white adipose tissue remodelling might depend on the intrinsic diversity of adipose progenitor cells (APCs), which sense and respond to metabolic cues. This Review highlights studies on APCs as key determinants of adipose tissue plasticity, discussing differences between subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue depots during development, growth and obesity. Modulating APC functions could improve strategies for treating adipose tissue dysfunction and metabolic diseases in obesity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18916,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Illuminating the metabolic effects of circadian misalignment 阐明昼夜节律失调的代谢效应
IF 40.5 1区 医学
Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-01085-6
Ioannis G. Lempesis
{"title":"Illuminating the metabolic effects of circadian misalignment","authors":"Ioannis G. Lempesis","doi":"10.1038/s41574-024-01085-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-024-01085-6","url":null,"abstract":"Circadian misalignment affects physiology and metabolism and increases the risk of developing cardiometabolic disease. A pivotal study by Frank Scheer’s team provided clear evidence that misaligned sleep–wake cycles and fasting–eating cycles impair glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and blood pressure, highlighting the importance of synchronizing lifestyles with our internal biological clocks.","PeriodicalId":18916,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142929398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identification of genetic factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus risk in South Asian populations 确定南亚人群 2 型糖尿病风险的遗传因素
IF 31 1区 医学
Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-01082-9
Olivia Tysoe
{"title":"Identification of genetic factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus risk in South Asian populations","authors":"Olivia Tysoe","doi":"10.1038/s41574-024-01082-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41574-024-01082-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18916,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology","volume":"21 2","pages":"64-64"},"PeriodicalIF":31.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142831961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From the perspective of a scientist with Cushing disease, what did not kill me made my science stronger 从一个患有库欣病的科学家的角度来看，没有杀死我的东西让我的科学更强大
IF 40.5 1区 医学
Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2024-12-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-01080-x
Yana Zavros
{"title":"From the perspective of a scientist with Cushing disease, what did not kill me made my science stronger","authors":"Yana Zavros","doi":"10.1038/s41574-024-01080-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-024-01080-x","url":null,"abstract":"Research siloes slow the translation of scientific discovery to patient care and limit progress in improving treatments for Cushing disease to incremental advances. Facilitating collaborative efforts that study the complexity of pituitary neuroendocrine tumours would advance the development of targeted treatments for patients who experience a low quality of life for years owing to this rare and understudied disease.","PeriodicalId":18916,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology","volume":"89 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142831962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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