Nature Reviews Endocrinology最新文献

Hypoglycaemia exacerbates diabetic retinopathy via HIF accumulation 低血糖通过HIF积累加重糖尿病视网膜病变

IF 40.5 1区医学

Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-05-23 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-025-01136-6

Olivia Tysoe

引用次数: 0

The endocrine effects of leptin on energy metabolism 瘦素对能量代谢的内分泌作用

IF 40.5 1区医学

Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-025-01135-7

Rugivan Sabaratnam

{"title":"The endocrine effects of leptin on energy metabolism","authors":"Rugivan Sabaratnam","doi":"10.1038/s41574-025-01135-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-025-01135-7","url":null,"abstract":"The second law of thermodynamics asserts that energy within a system must be conserved, and that changes arise from alterations in energy input or output. In obesity, this principle implies that changes in body weight, where energy is stored as triglycerides in adipose tissue, result from alterations in energy intake or expenditure. To maintain a stable body weight, energy intake must balance energy expenditure over time. This theory led to the hypothesis that a hormone derived from adipose tissue could signal the status of energy stores to the brain, which marked a new era in understanding energy balance.In 1949, researchers at the Jackson Laboratory generated the ob/ob mouse line, which has a spontaneous mutation that causes hyperphagia, severe obesity, hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinaemia and infertility. Parabiosis experiments revealed that wild-type mice paired with ob/ob mice led to suppressed weight gain, reduced food intake and reduced insulin and glucose levels in the ob/ob mice. These findings suggest that a circulating satiety factor encoded by the ob (now known as Lep) locus from the wild-type partner might signal from adipose tissue to the central nervous system to regulate body weight by modulating food intake and energy expenditure.","PeriodicalId":18916,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology","volume":"135 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and female reproductive health: a growing concern. 干扰内分泌的化学物质与女性生殖健康：日益受到关注。

IF 40.5 1区医学

Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-025-01131-x

Anne-Simone Parent,Pauliina Damdimopoulou,Hanna K L Johansson,Nora Bouftas,Monica K Draskau,Delphine Franssen,Julie Fudvoye,Majorie van Duursen,Terje Svingen

{"title":"Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and female reproductive health: a growing concern.","authors":"Anne-Simone Parent,Pauliina Damdimopoulou,Hanna K L Johansson,Nora Bouftas,Monica K Draskau,Delphine Franssen,Julie Fudvoye,Majorie van Duursen,Terje Svingen","doi":"10.1038/s41574-025-01131-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-025-01131-x","url":null,"abstract":"Female fertility and reproductive health depend on a series of developmental steps from embryogenesis through puberty, in addition to the proper functioning of the reproductive system in adulthood. Two important steps are the establishment of the ovarian reserve and development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. During reproductive years, maintaining an adequate ovarian reserve of follicles as well as balanced neuroendocrine control of reproductive organs is crucial for fertility. Dysregulation of either of these events, during development or in adulthood, can lead to reproductive disorders. Over the past five decades, human fertility rates have declined, whereas the incidence of female reproductive disorders has risen, trends partially linked to environmental factors such as exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Here we outline epidemiological and mechanistic evidence for how EDCs affect the ovarian reserve during early development, its maintenance during adulthood and the establishment of the hypothalamic-pituitary control of puberty and ovulation. Our Review not only reveals strong support for the role of EDC exposure in the development of female reproductive disorders such as abnormal puberty, impaired fertility, premature menopause or polycystic ovarian syndrome, but also highlights knowledge gaps, including the difficulty to prove causality between exposure and human disease manifestation.","PeriodicalId":18916,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144122120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The inflammatory spark: how TNF rewrote the insulin resistance narrative 炎症火花：肿瘤坏死因子如何改写胰岛素抵抗的故事

IF 40.5 1区医学

Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-025-01133-9

Subhajit Dutta

引用次数: 0

Liothyronine treatment for hypothyroidism — a patient’s view 碘甲状腺原氨酸治疗甲状腺功能减退症-一个病人的观点

IF 40.5 1区医学

Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-05-15 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-025-01124-w

Mary Saunders

引用次数: 0

Amylin: emergent therapeutic opportunities in overweight, obesity and diabetes mellitus. 胰淀素：超重、肥胖和糖尿病的新兴治疗机会。

IF 40.5 1区医学

Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-025-01125-9

Christopher S Walker,Jacqueline F Aitken,Greeshma Vazhoor Amarsingh,Shaoping Zhang,Garth J S Cooper

{"title":"Amylin: emergent therapeutic opportunities in overweight, obesity and diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Christopher S Walker,Jacqueline F Aitken,Greeshma Vazhoor Amarsingh,Shaoping Zhang,Garth J S Cooper","doi":"10.1038/s41574-025-01125-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-025-01125-9","url":null,"abstract":"The identification of amylin as a glucoregulatory peptide hormone with roles in meal-ending satiation sparked a surge of experimental development, which culminated in the amylin mimetic drug pramlintide. Pramlintide was approved by the FDA in 2005 for the treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus and insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes, and was also explored as a novel anti-obesity treatment. Despite this exciting potential, efforts to develop an amylin-based anti-obesity therapeutic stalled owing to challenges around dosage frequency, safety and formulation. Generally, anti-obesity therapies have displayed modest efficacy and mixed safety profiles, leaving a clear unmet clinical need that requires addressing. Advances in peptide chemistry have reinvigorated the amylin field by enabling the manufacture of effective new amylin-based molecules, resulting in therapeutics that are now on the cusp of approval. At present, there are growing concerns around GLP1 receptor agonist-based therapeutics, in particular their association with loss of lean body mass. Additionally, treatment of patients with overweight or obesity without associated comorbidities is increasingly common. The widespread pharmacotherapy of otherwise healthy populations with overweight or obesity with the goal of improving future health requires further regulatory and ethical consideration. This Review describes how amylin controls energy homeostasis and provides a current overview of amylin-based therapeutic development.","PeriodicalId":18916,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143945407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The incretin effect — almost magical 肠促胰岛素的效果——几乎是神奇的

IF 40.5 1区医学

Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-025-01127-7

Rasmus Syberg Rasmussen, Lærke Smidt Gasbjerg

{"title":"The incretin effect — almost magical","authors":"Rasmus Syberg Rasmussen, Lærke Smidt Gasbjerg","doi":"10.1038/s41574-025-01127-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-025-01127-7","url":null,"abstract":"The foundations for modern medical treatments for diabetes mellitus and obesity were laid more than 60 years ago by several scientific groups in London. Importantly, the 1965 publication of Intestinal factors in the control of insulin secretion by McIntyre and colleagues investigated both glucose metabolism and the role of the liver. This work contributed markedly to the discovery of the incretin effect in humans and to the identification of the incretin hormones.In this simple and elegant study, McIntyre and colleagues describe a difference in both blood levels of glucose and insulin secretion for two glucose administration routes: intrajejunal infusion or intravenous infusion. The study involved nine healthy individuals and two patients with liver cirrhosis with vascular shunts from the portal vein to the vena cava (thereby bypassing the liver). For each administration method, four healthy individuals and one patient with a vascular shunt were given a rapid infusion with 10–20% glucose. The intrajejunally administered glucose was given over 10–20 minutes, whereas the same amount of glucose (50–60 g in total) was infused intravenously for 30–45 minutes to simulate the time needed for digestion and therefore compare the blood levels of glucose with the intrajejunal administration. In all five individuals, blood levels of glucose were 1.6-fold higher following the intravenous infusion than with the intrajejunal infusion, and, remarkably, insulin levels were 4.3-fold higher following the intrajejunal infusion than with the intravenous infusion, reflecting the presence of highly insulinotropic factors in the intestines.","PeriodicalId":18916,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Prolactin regulates body temperature in pregnancy 催乳素调节怀孕期间的体温

IF 40.5 1区医学

Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-025-01130-y

Claire Greenhill

引用次数: 0

Individualized and innovative gender healthcare for transgender and nonbinary youth 为跨性别和非二元青年提供个性化和创新的性别保健

IF 40.5 1区医学

Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-05-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-025-01113-z

Drew B. A. Clark, Daniel L. Metzger, Ken C. Pang, Colton St. Amand, Karine Khatchadourian

{"title":"Individualized and innovative gender healthcare for transgender and nonbinary youth","authors":"Drew B. A. Clark, Daniel L. Metzger, Ken C. Pang, Colton St. Amand, Karine Khatchadourian","doi":"10.1038/s41574-025-01113-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-025-01113-z","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing numbers of transgender and nonbinary youth are now accessing gender-affirming medical interventions, which have been demonstrated to improve health and well-being. This Perspective addresses how the needs of transgender and nonbinary youth, up to age 18, can be addressed through individualized gender-embodiment care. We first review standard medical therapies, including gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues, 17β-oestradiol, testosterone, steroidal antiandrogens and progestins, followed by presenting novel approaches to individualizing gender healthcare for transgender and nonbinary youth, consisting of selective oestrogen receptor modulators, 5α-reductase inhibitors, aromatase inhibitors and non-steroidal antiandrogens. Ethical guidance for off-label prescribing is provided, grounded in the principles of evidence, benefit, safety, respect, care, communication, transparency, equity and innovation. These ethical principles are applied in three clinical scenarios in which off-label therapies are considered. We conclude that standard medical therapies are ethically justified and that novel therapies can be ethically acceptable when carefully considered in the context of an individual youth’s care plan and taking into account the available theoretical, clinical and research evidence as well as the potential benefits and potential risks. In keeping with the principle of innovation, we encourage clinicians and researchers to share evidence of medical innovations that support the gender health of transgender and nonbinary youth.","PeriodicalId":18916,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":40.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143920027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Promising drugs for PCOS: targeting metabolic and endocrine dysfunctions 有前景的多囊卵巢综合征药物：针对代谢和内分泌功能障碍

IF 40.5 1区医学

Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-025-01121-z

Kaipeng Zhou, Chen Lou, Po-Han Chang, Jingjing Jiang, Yue Zhao, Hsun-Ming Chang, Liangshan Mu

引用次数: 0