Nature Reviews Endocrinology最新文献_第8页

Author Correction: Targeting the incretin system in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus 作者更正：针对肥胖和 2 型糖尿病的增量素系统。

IF 31 1区医学

Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00997-7

Saleem Ansari, Bernard Khoo, Tricia Tan

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Thyroid function and iodine intake: global recommendations and relevant dietary trends 甲状腺功能和碘摄入量：全球建议和相关饮食趋势

IF 31 1区医学

Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00983-z

Sarah C. Bath

{"title":"Thyroid function and iodine intake: global recommendations and relevant dietary trends","authors":"Sarah C. Bath","doi":"10.1038/s41574-024-00983-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41574-024-00983-z","url":null,"abstract":"Iodine is a micronutrient that is essential for thyroid hormone production. Adequate iodine intake is especially important during pregnancy and early life, when brain development is dependent on thyroid hormones. Iodine intake recommendations vary around the world, but most recommendations generally reflect the increased requirements during pregnancy and lactation, although adequate iodine intake before pregnancy is also important. Tremendous progress has been made in improving iodine intake across the world over the past 30 years, mainly through salt-iodization programmes. However, in countries without strong iodine fortification programmes, and with shifts in dietary patterns, a need has arisen for health organizations, governments and clinicians to ensure that adequate iodine is consumed by everyone in the population. For example, in countries in which adequate iodine intake depends on individual food choice, particularly of iodine-rich milk and dairy products, intake can be highly variable and is also vulnerable to changing dietary patterns. In this Review, iodine is considered in the wider context of the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity, the dietary trends for salt restriction for cardiovascular health and the increasing uptake of plant-based diets. This Review discusses the importance of adequate iodine intake for thyroid function, outlining the varying global intake recommendations. Iodine is also considered in the context of the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity, as well as dietary trends such as cardioprotective salt restriction and plant-based diets.","PeriodicalId":18916,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":31.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140817751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Arginine vasopressin deficiency: diagnosis, management and the relevance of oxytocin deficiency 精氨酸加压素缺乏症：诊断、管理和催产素缺乏症的相关性

IF 31 1区医学

Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00985-x

Cihan Atila, Julie Refardt, Mirjam Christ-Crain

{"title":"Arginine vasopressin deficiency: diagnosis, management and the relevance of oxytocin deficiency","authors":"Cihan Atila, Julie Refardt, Mirjam Christ-Crain","doi":"10.1038/s41574-024-00985-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41574-024-00985-x","url":null,"abstract":"Polyuria–polydipsia syndrome can be caused by central diabetes insipidus, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus or primary polydipsia. To avoid confusion with diabetes mellitus, the name ‘central diabetes insipidus’ was changed in 2022 to arginine vasopressin (AVP) deficiency and ‘nephrogenic diabetes insipidus’ was renamed as AVP resistance. To differentiate the three entities, various osmotic and non-osmotic copeptin-based stimulation tests have been introduced in the past decade. The hypertonic saline test plus plasma copeptin measurement emerged as the test with highest diagnostic accuracy, replacing the water deprivation test as the gold standard in differential diagnosis of the polyuria–polydipsia syndrome. The mainstay of treatment for AVP deficiency is AVP replacement with desmopressin, a synthetic analogue of AVP specific for AVP receptor 2 (AVPR2), which usually leads to rapid improvements in polyuria and polydipsia. The main adverse effect of desmopressin is dilutional hyponatraemia, which can be reduced by regularly performing the so-called desmopressin escape method. Evidence from the past few years suggests an additional oxytocin deficiency in patients with AVP deficiency. This potential deficiency should be further evaluated in future studies, including feasible provocation tests for clinical practice and interventional trials with oxytocin substitution. Central diabetes insipidus has been renamed as arginine vasopressin deficiency. This Review discusses advances in diagnosis and management of arginine vasopressin deficiency. In addition, the possibility of oxytocin deficiency in these patients is considered, as well as oxytocin provocation testing and the future therapeutic potential of oxytocin replacement.","PeriodicalId":18916,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":31.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140819524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A congress on head and neck paragangliomas: advancing clinical care 头颈部副神经节瘤大会：推进临床治疗

IF 40.5 1区医学

Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00987-9

Mario Sanna, Karel Pacak, David Taïeb, Renato Mariani-Costantini

引用次数: 0

Optimizing the treatment of hypothyroidism 优化甲状腺功能减退症的治疗

IF 40.5 1区医学

Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00989-7

Antonio C. Bianco, Peter N. Taylor

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New genes associated with adult-onset obesity 与成人肥胖症有关的新基因

IF 40.5 1区医学

Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2024-04-24 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00991-z

Claire Greenhill

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Mild autonomous cortisol secretion: pathophysiology, comorbidities and management approaches 轻度自主皮质醇分泌：病理生理学、并发症和管理方法

IF 31 1区医学

Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00984-y

Alessandro Prete, Irina Bancos

{"title":"Mild autonomous cortisol secretion: pathophysiology, comorbidities and management approaches","authors":"Alessandro Prete, Irina Bancos","doi":"10.1038/s41574-024-00984-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41574-024-00984-y","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of incidentally discovered adrenal tumours are benign adrenocortical adenomas and the prevalence of adrenocortical adenomas is around 1–7% on cross-sectional abdominal imaging. These can be non-functioning adrenal tumours or they can be associated with autonomous cortisol secretion on a spectrum that ranges from rare clinically overt adrenal Cushing syndrome to the much more prevalent mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) without signs of Cushing syndrome. MACS is diagnosed (based on an abnormal overnight dexamethasone suppression test) in 20–50% of patients with adrenal adenomas. MACS is associated with cardiovascular morbidity, frailty, fragility fractures, decreased quality of life and increased mortality. Management of MACS should be individualized based on patient characteristics and includes adrenalectomy or conservative follow-up with treatment of associated comorbidities. Identifying patients with MACS who are most likely to benefit from adrenalectomy is challenging, as adrenalectomy results in improvement of cardiovascular morbidity in some, but not all, patients with MACS. Of note, diagnosis and management of patients with bilateral MACS is especially challenging. Current gaps in MACS clinical practice include a lack of specific biomarkers diagnostic of MACS-related health outcomes and a paucity of clinical trials demonstrating the efficacy of adrenalectomy on comorbidities associated with MACS. In addition, little evidence exists to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of long-term medical therapy in patients with MACS. Mild autonomous cortisol secretion from benign adrenocortical adenomas (usually diagnosed incidentally) is associated with cardiometabolic risk and other comorbidities, but without the signs of overt Cushing syndrome. This Review outlines the mechanisms, complications and comorbidities, diagnosis and management of mild autonomous cortisol secretion.","PeriodicalId":18916,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":31.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Targeting the incretin system in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus 针对肥胖症和 2 型糖尿病的增量素系统

IF 31 1区医学

Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00979-9

Saleem Ansari, Bernard Khoo, Tricia Tan

{"title":"Targeting the incretin system in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"Saleem Ansari, Bernard Khoo, Tricia Tan","doi":"10.1038/s41574-024-00979-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41574-024-00979-9","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are widespread, non-communicable diseases that are responsible for considerable levels of morbidity and mortality globally, primarily in the form of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Changes to lifestyle and behaviour have insufficient long-term efficacy in most patients with these diseases; metabolic surgery, although effective, is not practically deliverable on the scale that is required. Over the past two decades, therapies based on incretin hormones, spearheaded by glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonists (GLP1RAs), have become the treatment of choice for obesity and T2DM, and clinical evidence now suggests that these agents have benefits for CVD. We review the latest advances in incretin-based pharmacotherapy. These include ‘GLP1 plus’ agents, which combine the known advantages of GLP1RAs with the activity of additional hormones, such as glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, glucagon and amylin, to achieve desired therapeutic goals. Second-generation non-peptidic oral GLP1RAs promise to extend the benefits of GLP1 therapy to those who do not want, or cannot have, subcutaneous injection therapy. We conclude with a discussion of the knowledge gaps that must be addressed before incretin-based therapies can be properly deployed for maximum benefit in the treatment of obesity and T2DM. This article reviews advances in incretin-based pharmacotherapy, including the latest glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonists (GLP1RAs), ‘GLP1 plus’ agents, which combine the benefits of these agonists with the activity of additional hormones, and oral GLP1RAs, which promise to extend the benefits of GLP1 therapy.","PeriodicalId":18916,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":31.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140607745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A novel system for non-invasive measurement of blood levels of glucose 无创测量血糖水平的新型系统

IF 40.5 1区医学

Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00988-8

Olivia Tysoe

引用次数: 0

Continuous glucose monitoring for the routine care of type 2 diabetes mellitus 2 型糖尿病常规护理中的连续血糖监测

IF 40.5 1区医学

Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2024-04-08 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00973-1

Ramzi A. Ajjan, Tadej Battelino, Xavier Cos, Stefano Del Prato, Jean-Christophe Philips, Laurent Meyer, Jochen Seufert, Samuel Seidu

{"title":"Continuous glucose monitoring for the routine care of type 2 diabetes mellitus","authors":"Ramzi A. Ajjan, Tadej Battelino, Xavier Cos, Stefano Del Prato, Jean-Christophe Philips, Laurent Meyer, Jochen Seufert, Samuel Seidu","doi":"10.1038/s41574-024-00973-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41574-024-00973-1","url":null,"abstract":"Although continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices are now considered the standard of care for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus, the uptake among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been slower and is focused on those receiving intensive insulin therapy. However, increasing evidence now supports the inclusion of CGM in the routine care of people with T2DM who are on basal insulin-only regimens or are managed with other medications. Expanding CGM to these groups could minimize hypoglycaemia while allowing efficient adaptation and escalation of therapies. Increasing evidence from randomized controlled trials and observational studies indicates that CGM is of clinical value in people with T2DM on non-intensive treatment regimens. If further studies confirm this finding, CGM could soon become a part of routine care for T2DM. In this Perspective we explore the potential benefits of widening the application of CGM in T2DM, along with the challenges that must be overcome for the evidence-based benefits of this technology to be delivered for all people with T2DM. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is an effective tool in the management of diabetes mellitus. This Perspective discusses the potential benefits of widespread adoption of CGM in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus at different stages of disease progression and treatment intensification.","PeriodicalId":18916,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":40.5,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140534173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0