Nature Reviews Endocrinology最新文献_第8页

Neuro–immuno–endocrinology of the skin: how environment regulates body homeostasis 皮肤神经免疫内分泌学：环境如何调节机体平衡

IF 31 1区医学

Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-025-01107-x

Radomir M. Slominski, Chander Raman, Anton M. Jetten, Andrzej T. Slominski

{"title":"Neuro–immuno–endocrinology of the skin: how environment regulates body homeostasis","authors":"Radomir M. Slominski, Chander Raman, Anton M. Jetten, Andrzej T. Slominski","doi":"10.1038/s41574-025-01107-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41574-025-01107-x","url":null,"abstract":"The skin, including the hypodermis, is the largest organ of the body. The epidermis, the uppermost layer, is in direct contact with the environment and is exposed to environmental stressors, including solar radiation and biological, chemical and physical factors. These environmental factors trigger local responses within the skin that modulate homeostasis on both the cutaneous and systemic levels. Using mediators in common with brain pathways, immune and neuroendocrine systems within the skin regulate these responses to activate various signal transduction pathways and influence the systemic endocrine and immune systems in a context-dependent manner. This skin neuro–immuno–endocrine system is compartmentalized through the formation of epidermal, dermal, hypodermal and adnexal regulatory units. These units can act separately or in concert to preserve skin integrity, allow for adaptation to a changing environment and prevent the development of pathological processes. Through activation of peripheral nerve endings, the release of neurotransmitters, hormones, neuropeptides, and cytokines and/or chemokines into the circulation, or by priming circulating and resident immune cells, this system affects central coordinating centres and global homeostasis, thus adjusting the body’s homeostasis and allostasis to optimally respond to the changing environment. The skin is not only a physical barrier between the body and the environment but also contains neural, immune and endocrine factors acting together to respond to external stimuli. This Review discusses the role of the skin as a neuro–immuno–endocrine organ and its influence on whole-body homeostasis and allostasis.","PeriodicalId":18916,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology","volume":"21 8","pages":"495-509"},"PeriodicalIF":31.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A modified liver enzyme with enhanced stability helps to control glycaemia 稳定性更强的改良肝酶有助于控制血糖

IF 31 1区医学

Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-025-01119-7

Senegal Carty

引用次数: 0

Potential downsides of calorie restriction 卡路里限制的潜在缺点

IF 31 1区医学

Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-025-01111-1

Anyongqi Wang, John Roger Speakman

{"title":"Potential downsides of calorie restriction","authors":"Anyongqi Wang, John Roger Speakman","doi":"10.1038/s41574-025-01111-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41574-025-01111-1","url":null,"abstract":"Although the potential benefits of calorie restriction on human lifespan remain uncertain, it is currently one of the most extensively researched non-genetic approaches to extending both lifespan and healthspan in animals. Calorie restriction offers numerous health benefits, including a reduced incidence of age-related diseases. However, calorie restriction also produces a range of negative effects, which are not fully documented and require further investigation, particularly in humans. As the viability of calorie restriction in humans will depend on the balance of benefits and detrimental effects, it is crucial to understand the nature of these negative effects and what drives them. In this Review, we summarize the effects of calorie restriction on wound healing, hunger, cold sensitivity, bone health, brain size, cognition, reproductive performance and infection, primarily based on studies of rodents with some data from other species and from humans. Overall, the detrimental effects of calorie restriction seem to stem directly from prioritization of vital functions and downregulation or suppression of energy-demanding processes, which helps preserve survival but can also lead to impaired physiological performance and increased vulnerability to stressors. The exact mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear. Whether it might be possible to engage in calorie restriction but avoid these negative effects remains uncertain. Calorie restriction extends lifespan in many animal models; however, the effects in humans and the mechanisms of action are not clear. This Review summarizes evidence regarding potential adverse effects of calorie restriction and highlights the complexity of extrapolating findings from animal studies to humans.","PeriodicalId":18916,"journal":{"name":"Nature Reviews Endocrinology","volume":"21 7","pages":"427-440"},"PeriodicalIF":31.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143846498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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Insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus 2型糖尿病的胰岛素抵抗

IF 31 1区医学

Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-025-01114-y

Domenico Accili, Zhaobing Deng (, ), Qingli Liu (, )

引用次数: 0

Older people with type 1 diabetes mellitus: a call for a new management approach 患有 1 型糖尿病的老年人：呼吁采用新的管理方法

IF 31 1区医学

Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-025-01118-8

Giuseppe Maltese, Alan J. Sinclair

引用次数: 0

Author Correction: Adrenocortical stem cells in health and disease 作者更正：肾上腺皮质干细胞在健康和疾病

IF 31 1区医学

Nature Reviews Endocrinology Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-025-01108-w

Yulan Chu, Jordan Setayesh, Typhanie Dumontet, Lauren Krumeich, Johanna Werner, Isabele F. Moretti, Kelly De Sousa, Christopher Kennedy, Christopher La Pensee, Antonio M. Lerario, Gary D. Hammer