Nanotoxicology最新文献

{"title":"Functionalized silver nanoparticles enable efficient mercury removal and toxicity reduction toward microalgae.","authors":"Arianna Bellingeri, Andrea Calantropio, Iole Venditti, Davide Baroni, Fabrizio Monaci, Ilaria Corsi","doi":"10.1080/17435390.2025.2612239","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17435390.2025.2612239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Water pollution, caused by human activities, is a major environmental and health concern. Among heavy metal pollutants, mercury (Hg) is recognized as one of the most persistent and bioaccumulative, while being also highly toxic for human health. Heavy metal removal from water presents significant challenges, and nanotechnology provides a promising solution through cost-effective, efficient, and reusable adsorption or immobilization. Silver nanoparticles functionalized with citrate and L-cysteine (AgNPcitLcys) have been specifically designed to remove Hg ions from water along with a negligible ecotoxicological impact to aquatic life. The present study aims to assess the efficacy of Hg removal from water by AgNPcitLcys through and ecotoxicity approach using the freshwater microalga <i>Raphidocelis subcapitata</i> and the marine water microalga <i>Dunaliella tertiolecta.</i> AgNPcitLcys showed low ecotoxicity to both microalgae, even though at high concentrations (10 mg/L) <i>D. tertiolecta</i> suffered a 40% inhibition of growth. Hg removal was highly efficient in marine water medium (99.26%) compared to freshwater (63.07%), regardless of the concentration of Hg. Despite removal in both media, Hg toxicity was successfully reduced by AgNPcitLcys only for <i>D. tertiolecta</i>. AgNPcitLcys showed to successfully work in a complex aquatic medium such as seawater, confirming their potentiality to be applied in real scenarios of water pollution by Hg.</p>","PeriodicalId":18899,"journal":{"name":"Nanotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"106-115"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145994465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipidomics analysis reveals signature inflammatory and specialized pro-resolving mediators at the junction of inflammation-resolution transition in mouse lungs exposed to multiwalled carbon nanotubes.","authors":"Qiang Ma, Chol Seung Lim, Ryan F LeBouf, Chengetayi Cornelius Rimayi, Ju-Hyeong Park","doi":"10.1080/17435390.2025.2610342","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17435390.2025.2610342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulmonary exposure to certain multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) triggers significant inflammation that is regulated temporally by powerful mediators of inflammation and resolution. Among these mediators, inflammatory lipid mediators (ILMs) and specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) have garnered increasing attention. In this study, lipidomics analysis revealed that fibrogenic MWCNTs stimulate the production of signature ILMs and SPMs in mouse lungs, marking a phenotypic shift from acute inflammation to resolution. Mice exposed to 40 μg MWCNTs via oropharyngeal aspiration exhibited dynamic, polarized pulmonary inflammation. By day 7 post-exposure, lung tissue showed elevated M2 macrophage markers and cytokines, with lesions characterized by moderate neutrophil infiltration and a marked increase in macrophages within alveolar sacs and interstitial spaces. These macrophages contained engulfed nanoparticles and formed clusters of varying sizes. In vitro, MWCNTs promoted nanoparticle phagocytosis and cytoplasmic phospholipid accumulation. Lipidomics profiling of lung bioactive lipids, performed using ultraperformance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, showed significant increases in ILMs and SPMs. These included prostaglandin (PG) E2, PGD2, thromboxane B2, leukotriene B4, and lipoxin B4 from the arachidonic acid pathway; resolvin (Rv) D5, protectin DX, maresin 1, 17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid (HDHA), and 14S-HDHA from the docosahexaenoic acid pathway; and RvE2, 15-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid (HEPE), and 18-HEPE from the eicosapentaenoic acid pathway. These findings suggest that MWCNTs trigger a distinct lipid mediator signature at the junction of inflammation-resolution transition to promote the programmatic switch from acute inflammation to resolution, supporting continued particle clearance, inflammation resolution, and return to homeostasis in response to nanoparticle exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":18899,"journal":{"name":"Nanotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13313775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145934260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity assessment of SiO₂ nanoparticles on developmental and reproductive traits in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>.","authors":"Junyue Wang, Yang Jiang, Yán Wāng","doi":"10.1080/17435390.2025.2584288","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17435390.2025.2584288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO₂ NPs) are widely utilized in industrial and biomedical applications owing to their unique physicochemical properties; however, their potential biological effects require comprehensive evaluation. In this study, the model organism <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> was employed to investigate the impacts of dietary exposure to SiO₂ NPs of different sizes and concentrations on developmental and reproductive outcomes. The assessed parameters included egg-laying rate, pupation time, adult emergence time, pupation rate, adult emergence rate, larval weight, and sex ratio. The results revealed that at concentrations of 0.2% or lower, neither nanoparticle size produced significant effects on development or reproductive capacity. In contrast, exposure to 2% SiO₂ NPs (both 15 nm and 30 nm) led to reduced body weight in third instar larvae. Notably, 30 nm SiO₂ NPs exposure significantly decreased pupation and adult emergence rates and was associated with delayed pupation and emergence times. Although total egg production remained unchanged, flies exposed to 30 nm SiO₂ NPs exhibited an earlier oviposition peak. These findings suggest that exposure to SiO₂ NPs at the national standard concentration of 0.2% does not cause notable developmental effects in <i>Drosophila</i>, whereas a tenfold increase in concentration may induce developmental delays. Considering that the 0.2% standard is based on human exposure and accounting for interspecies extrapolation, the 2% concentration may still represent a relevant dose range. Overall, these results indicate that excessive intake of SiO₂ NPs could pose toxicological risks and provide a theoretical foundation for further studies on the mechanisms underlying SiO₂ NPs-induced toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18899,"journal":{"name":"Nanotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"651-664"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145496074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the toxicity of PEGylated multiwalled carbon nanotubes in zebrafish embryos: insights for biomedical and environmental safety.","authors":"Nikita Gurphale, Mujahidkhan A Pathan, Kriti Kumari, M Harshavarthini, Pravin S Walke, Nalini Poojary, Irfan Ahmad Bhat, Malik Wasim Mushtaq, Mohd Ashraf Rather, Rupam Sharma","doi":"10.1080/17435390.2025.2584287","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17435390.2025.2584287","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyethylene glycol-Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PEG-MWCNTs) hold significant potential for biomedical applications, including diagnostics and controlled drug delivery. However, their toxicity allied to the synthesis process remains a critical concern. Residual metal impurities from the synthesis process are suggested as potential contributors to the observed toxicity. This study evaluates the cellular, genomic, and morphological toxicity of PEG-MWCNTs in zebrafish embryos. MWCNTs were synthesized via chemical vapor deposition, purified with nitric acid, and functionalized with PEG-6000. They were further characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), zeta potential analysis, and FTIR spectroscopy. The different concentrations of PEG-MWCNT (0.01-10.24 mg/L) were used for acute toxicity testing in zebrafish embryos. The median lethal concentration (LC50) decreased over time, indicating increased toxicity with prolonged exposure. Toxic effects, including egg coagulation, yolk sac edema, pericardial edema, tail detachment, and delayed hatching, were observed at higher doses. Genotoxicity, assessed via the alkaline comet assay, revealed significant DNA damage at concentrations above 1.28 mg/L. Histological analysis further demonstrated cellular disruptions such as hyperemia, somite disorganization, and notochord deterioration. These findings can be utilized for further toxicity assessments, safe in vivo drug delivery, biomedical and environmental applications to ensure minimal ecological and health impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":18899,"journal":{"name":"Nanotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"665-678"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145489173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multimodal approach to nanoparticle toxicity assessment (conceptual framework for in vitro to in vivo extrapolation).","authors":"Vitaly Goranov, Ivan Siutsou, Alexander Makhaniok, Lavrova Olga, Marianna Barballinardo, Valentin Dediu, Yaroslav Košťal","doi":"10.1080/17435390.2025.2582825","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17435390.2025.2582825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study proposes a novel multimodal framework for assessing the time-dependent toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), aiming to improve in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE). The framework integrates experimental data from Caco-2 cells and C. elegans with sequential mathematical modeling and neural network analysis. By accounting for complex, time-dependent processes such as cellular uptake, intracellular transport, and SPION degradation, this approach addresses the unique toxicological profile of nanoparticles. In vitro experiments evaluated cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and antioxidant enzyme expression over 96 hours, revealing strong correlations between nanoparticle uptake, iron levels, oxidative stress, and cell viability. Mathematical models, validated against experimental data, enable the calculation of IC50 values and facilitate interspecies extrapolation. This integrated methodology, achieving an R² > 0.85 for predictive correlations, holds significant promise for reducing reliance on animal testing in future nanotoxicity evaluations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18899,"journal":{"name":"Nanotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"631-650"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145471542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hierarchy of nanoparticles toxicity factors significance as extracted from NanoCommons knowledge base: influence of compound, cell line and particle size on cell viability.","authors":"Michal Macko, František Božek, Diana Kmeťková, Jan Antoš, Ivo Kuřitka","doi":"10.1080/17435390.2025.2555307","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17435390.2025.2555307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of the paper was to conduct a thorough statistical meta-analysis of a publicly available database by examining cell membrane damage (CMD), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), nuclear size (NS), nuclear intensity (NI), and cell viability (CVV) responses toward nanoparticles. The set of individual 880 and the subset of 630 measurements contained exposure dose, particle diameter, nanoparticle identity (TiO₂, Ag, SiO₂, CeO₂, ZnO, Cu), and cell type (A549, HCT116, HepaRG, HEPG2, RAW264.7) correlated to toxicity markers. The exposure dose was revealed as the most consistent predictor of toxicity across all endpoints, with higher doses significantly influencing toxicity. The compound-specific response was another important factor, where Ag, ZnO, and Cu, were consistently more cytotoxic, while ZnO and Cu correlated to loss of CVV and MMP. Contrary, TiO₂, CeO₂ and SiO₂ displayed partial protective effects, depending on cell context. The effect of particle size was compound- and endpoint-specific, e.g. smaller particles of CeO₂ displayed greater disruption to nuclear architecture (NS, NI) and MMP, while size had minimal effect on CVV for other compounds. HepaRG cells were the most sensitive, specifically from Cu and ZnO, while epithelial lines (e.g. HCT116, HEPG2) showed more complex patterns. Generally, the dose was confirmed as the most impactful predictor, due to consistent and statistically significant effects. Compounds and cell lines were determined as factors of next-highest importance, displaying mixed but significant effects, and the particle size showed lowest effects. These findings highlight the importance of multi-endpoint, multi-cell-type frameworks in nanotoxicology for compound- and cell-specific risk assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":18899,"journal":{"name":"Nanotoxicology","volume":"19 6","pages":"553-574"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145534229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A meta-analysis and systematic review on the association between air pollution and chronic liver diseases.","authors":"Sibo Gao, Li Tian, Yao Zeng, Huili Wang, Yang Yu","doi":"10.1080/17435390.2025.2565212","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17435390.2025.2565212","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aims: </strong>Air pollution represents the second most significant global health burden, and existing epidemiological studies have reported that air pollution is harmful to the liver. To comprehensively understand the relationship between air pollution and liver health, this study quantitatively assessed the effects of air pollutants on liver diseases based on published population studies.</p><p><strong>Methods and results: </strong>46 papers from PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were included in this study. The study we included covered Asia, Europe, and the Americas, mainly from China (23/46), the United States (7/46), and the United Kingdom (3/46). This study has been registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024515689). A WHO-approved risk of bias (ROB) assessment tool specialized for air quality research was applied to evaluate the bias in the included studies. Statistical analyses were performed in R 4.3.2 with fixed/random-effects models (threshold: <i>I</i>²>50%). Effect values (odds ratio [ORs]/weighted mean differences [WMDs]) were standardized per 10 μg/m³ increment, with sensitivity analysis (leave-one-out), and publication bias tests (Begg/Egger) at <i>P</i> < 0.05. The results indicated that each 10 μg/m³ increment in particulate matter 2.5 mum (PM_2.5) was associated with increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (3.25%, 95% CI: 0.87-5.68), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (1.82%, 95% CI: 0.60-3.04), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (1.86%, 95% CI: 0.70-3.01); as well as increased risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) (OR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.21-1.44), liver cancer incidence (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.11-1.35), and liver cancer mortality (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.14-1.90). Particulate matter 10 mum (PM₁₀) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) exposure also correlated with elevated liver enzymes. The present study has demonstrated that long-term exposure to air pollutants was associated with a higher risk of developing liver diseases in comparison to short-term exposure. The cohort study yielded more statistically significant findings than the cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The evidence presented in this study suggested that air pollution was associated with an increased risk of liver enzyme abnormality, incidence of MAFLD, as well as incidence and mortality of liver cancer, reminding the public, environmental and clinical experts, to pay attention to the liver health associated with air pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":18899,"journal":{"name":"Nanotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"589-612"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145192047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the effect of short-term exposure to non-functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles on selected chromatin determinants in human immune cells and plasmid DNA integrity.","authors":"Kinga Malinowska, Kateryna Tarhonska, Karolina Górecka, Paulina Tokarz, Ewa Jabłońska, Aneta Balcerczyk, Edyta Reszka, Paulina Sicińska, Katarzyna Mokra, Bożena Bukowska","doi":"10.1080/17435390.2025.2556865","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17435390.2025.2556865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of non-functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NPs) with diameters of 29, 44, and 72 nm on plasmid DNA integrity and the expression of genes involved in the architecture of chromatin was investigated in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The cells were incubated with PS-NPs at concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 100 µg/mL for 24 hours. Gene expression profiling was carried out using quantitative real-time PCR for the following genes: those involved in DNA methylation (<i>DNMT1</i>, <i>DNMT3A</i>), DNA demethylation (<i>TET2</i>, <i>TET3</i>), and chromatin remodeling, including histone methylation (EHMT1, EHMT2) and histone deacetylation (<i>HDAC3</i>, <i>HDAC5</i>). Furthermore, the expression of selected epigenetic markers related to histone acetylation and methylation (H3ac, H3K4me3, H3K9me3) at the protein level was examined using Western blotting. To assess the potential direct interaction of PS-NPs with DNA, a plasmid relaxation assay was performed in an extracellular system. The results demonstrated that PS-NPs do not cleave plasmid DNA directly. The gene expression analysis indicated that PS-NPs did not alter the expression of <i>DNMT1</i>, <i>TET2</i>, <i>TET3</i>, <i>EHMT1</i>, <i>EHMT2</i>, <i>HDAC3</i>, or <i>HDAC5</i> in PBMCs. However, statistically significant changes in the expression of the <i>DNMT3A</i> gene were observed after exposure to 29 nm nanoparticles (<i>p</i> = 0.016, Kruskal-Wallis test), although post hoc comparisons did not reveal significant differences between individual treatment groups, and no clear dose-dependent trend was evident. PS-NPs induced a statistically significant decrease in post-translational histone modifications, specifically H3ac and H3K4me3. These findings suggest that PS-NPs may influence the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of chromatin architecture.</p>","PeriodicalId":18899,"journal":{"name":"Nanotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"575-588"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silver ion toxicity in commercial colloidal silver: molecular insights from high-content imaging in Huh-7 cells.","authors":"Bruno L Menna, Mila Simić, Ljubica Tasic, Marielton Dos Passos Cunha, Marcelo B de Jesus","doi":"10.1080/17435390.2025.2573968","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17435390.2025.2573968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colloidal silver is marketed as a dietary supplement, despite lacking essential mineral properties, scientific health benefits and potential toxicity. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effects of two commercially available colloidal silver formulations, Almacura (AL) and Prata Vida (PV), on the human hepatoma cell line Huh-7. We determined the IC₅₀ values for the AL formulation as 0.69 µg/mL (cell viability by MTT assay), 0.79 µg/mL (cell count via PI/Hoechst nuclear staining), and 0.93 µg/mL (membrane integrity by PI uptake assay). Similarly, the IC50 values for the PV formulation were 0.62 µg/mL (cell viability by MTT assay), 0.86 µg/mL (cell count via PI/Hoechst nuclear staining), and 1.02 µg/mL (membrane integrity by PI uptake assay). We also examined the contributions of the supernatant, enriched in Ag⁺ ions, and the pellet, mainly composed of AgNPs, to cytotoxicity. Using the MTT assay, we found IC50 values of 0.80 µg/mL for AL and 0.85 µg/mL for PV, indicating that the supernatant is the primary driver of the observed cytotoxicity. High-content imaging (HCI) was performed using the Live Cell Painting assay to evaluate dose-response effects, revealing that both formulations showed cellular changes at lower concentrations compared to MTT assays. In conclusion, this study raises important concerns regarding the safety of commercial colloidal silver, highlighting the need for regulatory standards that consider nanoparticle characteristics and their biological interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18899,"journal":{"name":"Nanotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"613-629"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145346204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nrf2 promotes MWCNT-induced pulmonary inflammation in mice.","authors":"Wenting Wu, Gaku Ichihara, Akihiko Ikegami, Yuka Suzuki, Kiyora Izuoka, Saleh Ahmed, Cai Zong, Ken Itoh, Masayuki Yamamoto, Sahoko Ichihara","doi":"10.1080/17435390.2025.2529471","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17435390.2025.2529471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are used to reinforce plastics, but recent studies have demonstrated that exposure to MWCNTs via inhalation or intratracheal instillation induced lung cancer in rats. The present study was designed to determine the role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) in MWCNT-induced inflammatory response in the lung of mice. Anesthetized male Nrf2 null mice and age-matched wild-type mice were exposed once to MWCNTs at either 0, 10, or 20 µg/mouse by pharyngeal aspiration. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were collected after 7 days to evaluate pulmonary inflammation. Exposure to MWCNTs significantly increased BALF total cell counts and total protein level in wild-type mice, but not in Nrf2 null mice. MWCNT-exposed wild-type mice showed the significant increases in interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and keratinocyte-derived chemokines (KC) levels in BALF, but these were not seen in BALF of Nrf2 null mice. Exposure to MWCNTs at 10 and 20 μg/mouse for 7 days did not significantly increase oxidative stress in both genotypes, but exposure to MWCNTs increased the levels of IL-1β and caspase-1 only in the lungs of wild-type mice. Our results demonstrate that Nrf2 promotes MWCNT-induced pulmonary inflammation, probably through inflammasome activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18899,"journal":{"name":"Nanotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"475-488"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144619092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}