Nanotoxicology最新文献

{"title":"Interaction between polydopamine-based IONPs and human serum albumin (HSA): a spectroscopic analysis with cytotoxicity impact.","authors":"Himanshu Shekhar, Priyatama Behera, Ashutosh Naik, Monalisa Mishra, Harekrushna Sahoo","doi":"10.1080/17435390.2024.2392579","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17435390.2024.2392579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been extensively explored in biomedicine, bio-sensing, hyperthermia, and drug/gene delivery, attributed to their versatile and tunable properties. However, owing to its numerous applications, the functionalization of IONPs with appropriate materials is in demand. To achieve optimal functionalization of IONPs, polydopamine (PDA) was utilized due to its ability to provide a superior functionalized surface, near-infrared light absorption, and adhesive nature to customize desired functionalized IONPs. This notion of involving PDA led to the successful synthesis of magnetite-PDA nanoparticles, where PDA is surface-coated on magnetite (Fe₃O₄@PDA). The Fe₃O₄@PDA nanoparticles were characterized using techniques like TEM, FESEM, PXRD, XPS, VSM, and FTIR, suggesting PDA's successful attachment with magnetite crystal structure retention. Human serum albumin (HSA), the predominant protein in blood plasma, interacts with the delivered nanoparticles. Therefore, we have employed various spectroscopic techniques, along with cytotoxicity, to inspect the effect of Fe₃O₄@PDA NPs on the stability and structure of HSA. The structural alterations were examined using circular dichroism (CD) and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy (SFS). It has been observed that there are no structural perturbations in the secondary structure of the HSA protein after interaction with Fe₃O₄@PDA. Studies using steady-state fluorescence revealed that the inherent fluorescence intensities of HSA were suppressed after interaction with Fe₃O₄@PDA. In addition, temperature-dependent fluorescence measurements suggested that the type of quenching consists of both static and dynamic quenching simultaneously. A cytotoxicity study in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> larvae revealed no cytotoxic effects but did show a minor genotoxic effect only at higher concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18899,"journal":{"name":"Nanotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"479-498"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142036440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the biodistribution and preliminary safety profile of a novel brain-targeted manganese dioxide-based nanotheranostic system for Alzheimer's disease.","authors":"Lily Yi Li, Elliya Park, Chunsheng He, Azhar Z Abbasi, Jeffrey T Henderson, Paul E Fraser, Jack P Uetrecht, Andrew M Rauth, Xiao Yu Wu","doi":"10.1080/17435390.2024.2361687","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17435390.2024.2361687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A novel brain-targeted and reactive oxygen species-activatable manganese dioxide containing nanoparticle system functionalized with anti-amyloid-β antibody (named aAβ-BTRA-NC) developed by our group has shown great promise as a highly selective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent for early detection and multitargeted disease-modifying treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To further evaluate the suitability of the formulation for future clinical application, we investigated the safety, biodistribution, and pharmacokinetic profile of aAβ-BTRA-NC in a transgenic TgCRND8 mouse AD model, wild type (WT) littermate, and CD-1 mice. Dose-ascending studies demonstrated that aAβ-BTRA-NC was well-tolerated by the animals up to 300 μmol Mn/kg body weight [b.w.], 3 times the efficacious dose for early AD detection without apparent adverse effects; Histopathological, hematological, and biochemical analyses indicated that a single dose of aAβ-BTRA-NC did not cause any toxicity in major organs. Immunotoxicity data showed that aAβ-BTRA-NC was safer than commercially available gadolinium-based MRI contrast agents at an equivalent dose of 100 μmol/kg b.w. of metal ions. Intravenously administered aAβ-BTRA-NC was taken up by main organs with the order of liver, kidneys, intestines, spleen, followed by other organs, and cleared after one day to one week post injection. Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that the plasma concentration profile of aAβ-BTRA-NC followed a 2-compartmental model with faster clearance in the AD mice than in the WT mice. The results suggest that aAβ-BTRA-NC exhibits a strong safety profile as a nanotheranostic agent which warrants more robust preclinical development for future clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18899,"journal":{"name":"Nanotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"315-334"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141284216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoparticles-encapsulated doxorubicin alleviates drug resistance of osteosarcoma via inducing ferroptosis.","authors":"Xiao Tian, Yunpeng Zhang, Meng Zhang, Gang Liu, Yuedong Hao, Weidong Liu","doi":"10.1080/17435390.2024.2369602","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17435390.2024.2369602","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To determine the effects of polymeric nanoparticle for doxorubicin (Dox) delivery and treatment of drug-resistant Osteosarcoma (OS) cells. Methoxy-polyethylene glycol amino (mPEG-NH2) and platinum bio-mimetic polycaprolactone-cysteine (PtBMLC) were crosslinked to obtain glutathione (GSH)-responsive mPEG-NH2-PtBMLC polymer to encapsulate Dox (named as Nano-Dox). The particle size and zeta potential of the nanoparticles were measured, and internalization of Dox by OS cells was observed. After treatment with Nano-Dox, cell proliferation was determined by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assay. Cell migration and invasion were determined by Transwell assay. Cell cycle arrest was assessed by flow cytometry. The induction of ferroptosis was analyzed by abnormal accumulation of total iron, Fe2+. Nano-Dox exhibited a stronger localization in OS cells (<i>p</i> < 0.01). Nano-Dox induced more significant suppression of drug-resistant OS cell growth (<i>p</i> < 0.01), migration (<i>p</i> < 0.01), and invasion (<i>p</i> < 0.01), compared with the single Dox treatment group, along with decreased expression of N-cadherin, Snail, and Vimentin, suggesting impaired cancer migration and invasion. The treatment with Nano-Dox induced notable cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and accumulation of iron, Fe2+, and MDA (<i>p</i> < 0.01), as well as suppressed the protein levels of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and SLC7A11. Administration of ferroptosis inhibitor (Fer-1) reversed the anti-proliferation effects of Nano-Dox (<i>p</i> < 0.01). The Dox delivered by the polymeric nanoparticle system notably enhanced its effects on suppressing the growth, migration, and invasion of drug-resistant OS cells via inducing ferroptosis. The application of environment response polymer enhanced the delivery of Dox and the therapeutic effects on OS.</p>","PeriodicalId":18899,"journal":{"name":"Nanotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"401-409"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141440698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Particulate matter constituents trigger the formation of extracellular amyloid β and Tau -containing plaques and neurite shortening <i>in vitro</i>.","authors":"Aleksandar Sebastijanović, Laura Maria Azzurra Camassa, Vilhelm Malmborg, Slavko Kralj, Joakim Pagels, Ulla Vogel, Shan Zienolddiny-Narui, Iztok Urbančič, Tilen Koklič, Janez Štrancar","doi":"10.1080/17435390.2024.2362367","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17435390.2024.2362367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Air pollution is an environmental factor associated with an increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, characterized by decreased cognitive abilities and memory. The limited models of sporadic Alzheimer's disease fail to replicate all pathological hallmarks of the disease, making it challenging to uncover potential environmental causes. Environmentally driven models of Alzheimer's disease are thus timely and necessary. We used live-cell confocal fluorescent imaging combined with high-resolution stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy to follow the response of retinoic acid-differentiated human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells to nanomaterial exposure. Here, we report that exposure of the cells to some particulate matter constituents reproduces a neurodegenerative phenotype, including extracellular amyloid beta-containing plaques and decreased neurite length. Consistent with the existing <i>in vivo</i> research, we observed detrimental effects, specifically a substantial reduction in neurite length and formation of amyloid beta plaques, after exposure to iron oxide and diesel exhaust particles. Conversely, after exposure to engineered cerium oxide nanoparticles, the lengths of neurites were maintained, and almost no extracellular amyloid beta plaques were formed. Although the exact mechanism behind this effect remains to be explained, the retinoic acid differentiated SH-SY5Y cell <i>in vitro</i> model could serve as an alternative, environmentally driven model of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":18899,"journal":{"name":"Nanotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"335-353"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141440710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioinformatics and machine learning to support nanomaterial grouping.","authors":"Aileen Bahl, Sabina Halappanavar, Wendel Wohlleben, Penny Nymark, Pekka Kohonen, Håkan Wallin, Ulla Vogel, Andrea Haase","doi":"10.1080/17435390.2024.2368005","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17435390.2024.2368005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanomaterials (NMs) offer plenty of novel functionalities. Moreover, their physicochemical properties can be fine-tuned to meet the needs of specific applications, leading to virtually unlimited numbers of NM variants. Hence, efficient hazard and risk assessment strategies building on New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) become indispensable. Indeed, the design, the development and implementation of NAMs has been a major topic in a substantial number of research projects. One of the promising strategies that can help to deal with the high number of NMs variants is grouping and read-across. Based on demonstrated structural and physicochemical similarity, NMs can be grouped and assessed together. Within an established NM group, read-across may be performed to fill in data gaps for data-poor variants using existing data for NMs within the group. Establishing a group requires a sound justification, usually based on a grouping hypothesis that links specific physicochemical properties to well-defined hazard endpoints. However, for NMs these interrelationships are only beginning to be understood. The aim of this review is to demonstrate the power of bioinformatics with a specific focus on Machine Learning (ML) approaches to unravel the NM Modes-of-Action (MoA) and identify the properties that are relevant to specific hazards, in support of grouping strategies. This review emphasizes the following messages: 1) ML supports identification of the most relevant properties contributing to specific hazards; 2) ML supports analysis of large omics datasets and identification of MoA patterns in support of hypothesis formulation in grouping approaches; 3) omics approaches are useful for shifting away from consideration of single endpoints towards a more mechanistic understanding across multiple endpoints gained from one experiment; and 4) approaches from other fields of Artificial Intelligence (AI) like Natural Language Processing or image analysis may support automated extraction and interlinkage of information related to NM toxicity. Here, existing ML models for predicting NM toxicity and for analyzing omics data in support of NM grouping are reviewed. Various challenges related to building robust models in the field of nanotoxicology exist and are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":18899,"journal":{"name":"Nanotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"373-400"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141469523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the effects of nanoplastic polyethylene terephthalate on environmental toxicology using model <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>.","authors":"Samir Bauri, Himanshu Shekhar, Harekrushna Sahoo, Monalisa Mishra","doi":"10.1080/17435390.2024.2368004","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17435390.2024.2368004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plastic pollution has become a major environmental concern, and various plastic polymers are used daily. A study was conducted to examine the toxic effects of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) nanoplastics (NPLs) on Drosophila melanogaster. We have successfully synthesized PET NPLs and characterized using DLS, Zeta potential, TEM, HRTEM, SAED, XRD, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy to gain crucial insights into the structure and properties. We fed PET NPLs to Drosophila to assess toxicity. ROS was quantified using DCFH-DA and NBT, and the nuclear degradation was checked by DAPI staining. Quantification of protein and activity of antioxidant enzymes like SOD, catalase depicted the adverse consequences of PET NPLs exposure. The dorsal side of the abdomens, eyes, and wings were also defective when phenotypically analyzed. These results substantiate the genotoxic and cytotoxic impact of nanoplastics. Notably, behavioral observations encompassing larval crawling and climbing of adults exhibit normal patterns, excluding the presence of neurotoxicity. Adult Drosophila showed decreased survivability, and fat accumulation enhanced body weight. These findings contribute to unraveling the intricate mechanisms underlying nanoplastic toxicity and emphasize its potential repercussions for organismal health and ecological equilibrium.</p>","PeriodicalId":18899,"journal":{"name":"Nanotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"354-372"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the antibacterial efficacy of a silver nanocomposite surface coating against nosocomial pathogens as an antibiofilm strategy to prevent hospital infections.","authors":"James Butler, Sian Morgan, Lewis Jones, Mathew Upton, Alexandros Besinis","doi":"10.1080/17435390.2024.2379809","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17435390.2024.2379809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial nanocoatings may be a means of preventing nosocomial infections, which account for significant morbidity and mortality. The role of hospital sink traps in these infections is also increasingly appreciated. We describe the preparation, material characterization and antibacterial activity of a pipe cement-based silver nanocoating applied to unplasticized polyvinyl chloride, a material widely used in wastewater plumbing. Three-dimensional surface topography imaging and scanning electron microscopy showed increased roughness in all surface finishes versus control, with grinding producing the roughest surfaces. Silver stability within nanocoatings was >99.89% in deionized water and bacteriological media seeded with bacteria. The nanocoating exhibited potent antibiofilm (99.82-100% inhibition) and antiplanktonic (99.59-99.99% killing) activity against three representative bacterial species and a microbial community recovered from hospital sink traps. Hospital sink trap microbiota were characterized by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene, revealing the presence of opportunistic pathogens from genera including <i>Pseudomonas</i>, <i>Enterobacter</i> and <i>Clostridioides</i>. In a benchtop model sink trap system, nanocoating antibiofilm activity against this community remained significant after 11 days but waned following 25 days. Silver nanocoated disks in real-world sink traps in two university buildings had a limited antibiofilm effect, even though <i>in vitro</i> experiments using microbial communities recovered from the same traps demonstrated that the nanocoating was effective, reducing biofilm formation by >99.6% and killing >98% of planktonic bacteria. We propose that conditioning films forming in the complex conditions of real-world sink traps negatively impact nanocoating performance, which may have wider relevance to development of antimicrobial nanocoatings that are not tested in the real-world.</p>","PeriodicalId":18899,"journal":{"name":"Nanotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"410-436"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141759879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent trends and advancement in metal oxide nanoparticles for the degradation of dyes: synthesis, mechanism, types and its application.","authors":"B Senthil Rathi, Lay Sheng Ewe, Sanjay S, Sujatha S, Weng Kean Yew, Baskaran R, Sieh Kiong Tiong","doi":"10.1080/17435390.2024.2349304","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17435390.2024.2349304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Synthetic dyes play a crucial role in our daily lives, especially in clothing, leather accessories, and furniture manufacturing. Unfortunately, these potentially carcinogenic substances are significantly impacting our water systems due to their widespread use. Dyes from various sources pose a serious environmental threat owing to their persistence and toxicity. Regulations underscore the urgency in addressing this problem. In response to this challenge, metal oxide nanoparticles such as titanium dioxide (TiO₂), zinc oxide (ZnO), and iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) have emerged as intriguing options for dye degradation due to their unique characteristics and production methods. This paper aims to explore the types of nanoparticles suitable for dye degradation, various synthesis methods, and the properties of nanoparticles. The study elaborates on the photocatalytic and adsorption-desorption activities of metal oxide nanoparticles, elucidating their role in dye degradation and their application potential. Factors influencing degradation, including nanoparticle properties and environmental conditions, are discussed. Furthermore, the paper provides relevant case studies, practical applications in water treatment, and effluent treatment specifically in the textile sector. Challenges such as agglomeration, toxicity concerns, and cost-effectiveness are acknowledged. Future advancements in nanomaterial synthesis, their integration with other materials, and their impact on environmental regulations are potential areas for development. In conclusion, metal oxide nanoparticles possess immense potential in reducing dye pollution, and further research and development are essential to define their role in long-term environmental management.</p>","PeriodicalId":18899,"journal":{"name":"Nanotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"272-298"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141184244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicity mechanisms of plastic nanoparticles in three terrestrial species: antioxidant system imbalance and neurotoxicity.","authors":"Vera L Maria, Joana Santos, Marija Prodana, Diogo N Cardoso, Rui G Morgado, Mónica J B Amorim, Angela Barreto","doi":"10.1080/17435390.2024.2358781","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17435390.2024.2358781","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The detrimental impacts of plastic nanoparticles (PNPs) are a worldwide concern, although knowledge is still limited, in particular for soil mesofauna. This study investigates the biochemical impact of 44 nm polystyrene PNPs on three soil models-<i>Enchytraeus crypticus</i> (Oligochaeta), <i>Folsomia candida</i> (Collembola) and <i>Porcellionides pruinosus</i> (Isopoda). Exposure durations of 3, 7 and 14 days (d) were implemented at two concentrations (1.5 and 300 mg kg^-1 PNPs). Results revealed PNPs impact on the activities of the glutathione-dependent antioxidative enzyme, glutathione S-transferase (GST) and on the neurotransmitter acetylcholinesterase (AChE) for all three species. Catalase (CAT) played a minor role, primarily evident in <i>F. candida</i> at 300 mg kg^-1 PNPs (CAT and GST response after 14 d), with no lipid peroxidation (LPO) increase. Even with the antioxidant defence, <i>P. pruinosus</i> was the most sensitive species for lipid oxidative damage (LPO levels increased after 7 d exposure to 300 mg kg^-1 PNPs). Significant AChE inhibitions were measured already after 3 d to both PNP concentrations in <i>F. candida</i> and <i>E. crypticus</i>, respectively. Significant AChE inhibitions were also found in <i>P. pruinosus</i> but later (7 d). Overall, the toxicity mechanisms of PNPs involved antioxidant imbalance, being (mostly) the glutathione-associated metabolism part of that defence system. Neurotoxicity, linked to AChE activities, was evident across all species. Sensitivity to PNPs varied: <i>P. pruinosus</i> > <i>F. candida</i> ≅ <i>E. crypticus.</i> This pioneering study on PNPs toxicity in soil invertebrates underscores its environmental relevance, shedding light on altered biochemical responses, that may compromise ecological roles and soil ecosystem fitness.</p>","PeriodicalId":18899,"journal":{"name":"Nanotoxicology","volume":" ","pages":"299-313"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in nanotechnology for improving the targeted delivery and activity of amphotericin B (2011–2023): a systematic review","authors":"Tahereh Zadeh Mehrizi, Nariman Mossafa, Mohammad Vodjgani, Hasan Ebrahimi Shahmabadi","doi":"10.1080/17435390.2024.2340467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17435390.2024.2340467","url":null,"abstract":"Amphotericin B (AmB) is a broad-spectrum therapeutic and effective drug, but it has serious side effects of toxicity and solubility. Therefore, reducing its toxicity should be considered in therape...","PeriodicalId":18899,"journal":{"name":"Nanotoxicology","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}