Nanotoxicology最新文献

{"title":"A comprehensive proteomics analysis of the response of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> to nanoceria cytotoxicity.","authors":"Lidija Izrael Živković,&nbsp;Nico Hüttmann,&nbsp;Vanessa Susevski,&nbsp;Ana Medić,&nbsp;Vladimir Beškoski,&nbsp;Maxim V Berezovski,&nbsp;Zoran Minić,&nbsp;Ljiljana Živković,&nbsp;Ivanka Karadžić","doi":"10.1080/17435390.2023.2180451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17435390.2023.2180451","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increased commercial use and spread of nanoceria raises concerns about the risks associated with its effects on living organisms. Although <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> may be ubiquitous in nature, it is largely found in locations closely linked with human activity. <i>P. aeruginosa</i> san ai was used as a model organism for a deeper understanding of the interaction between biomolecules of the bacteria with this intriguing nanomaterial. A comprehensive proteomics approach along with analysis of altered respiration and production of targeted/specific secondary metabolites was conducted to study the response of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> san ai to nanoceria. Quantitative proteomics found that proteins associated with redox homeostasis, biosynthesis of amino acids, and lipid catabolism were upregulated. Proteins from outer cellular structures were downregulated, including transporters responsible for peptides, sugars, amino acids and polyamines, and the crucial TolB protein of the Tol-Pal system, required for the structural formation of the outer membrane layer. In accordance with the altered redox homeostasis proteins, an increased amount of pyocyanin, a key redox shuttle, and the upregulation of the siderophore, pyoverdine, responsible for iron homeostasis, were found. Production of extracellular molecules, e.g. pyocyanin, pyoverdine, exopolysaccharides, lipase, and alkaline protease, was significantly increased in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> san ai exposed to nanoceria. Overall, nanoceria at sublethal concentrations induces profound metabolic changes in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> san ai and provokes increased secretion of extracellular virulence factors, revealing the powerful influence this nanomaterial has on the vital functions of the microorganism.</p>","PeriodicalId":18899,"journal":{"name":"Nanotoxicology","volume":"17 1","pages":"20-41"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9321250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation impacts on toxicity of cobalt-chromium (CoCr) implant debris.","authors":"Kevin L Trout,&nbsp;Sanghamitra Majumdar,&nbsp;Anil K Patri,&nbsp;Tariq Fahmi","doi":"10.1080/17435390.2023.2191717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17435390.2023.2191717","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Particulate and soluble debris are generated by mechanical and non-mechanical degradation of implanted medical devices. Debris containing cobalt and chromium (CoCr) is known to cause adverse biological reactions. Implant-related complications are often diagnosed using radiography, which results in more frequent patient exposure to ionizing radiation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for increased toxicity due to combined radiation and CoCr exposure. This was investigated using a controlled <i>in vitro</i> model consisting of commercially available CoCr debris that was generated from components of hip replacements and human cell lines relevant to the joint environment: endothelial HMEC-1 and synovial SW982. Particle sizes and shapes were heterogenous. Cells tended to internalize smaller particles, as observed by electron microscopy. Indicators of toxicity were measured after short (24 h after radiation) or extended (12-14 d after radiation) exposure timelines. In the short-term, CoCr reduced cell viability, increased apoptosis, and increased oxidative stress. The effects of radiation were not apparent until the timeline was extended. CoCr and radiation reduced cell survival, with both additive and synergistic effects. Mechanisms for reduced survival included rapid cell death caused by CoCr and senescence caused by radiation. In conclusion, results showed combined toxicological effects of CoCr and radiation at the doses and timelines used for this <i>in vitro</i> model. These observations warrant further investigation using other experimental models to determine translational impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":18899,"journal":{"name":"Nanotoxicology","volume":"17 1","pages":"116-142"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9378913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of cytotoxicity and biodistribution of mesoporous carbon nanotubes (pristine/-OH/-COOH) to HepG2 cells <i>in vitro</i> and healthy mice <i>in vivo</i>.","authors":"Yujing Du,&nbsp;Zhipei Chen,&nbsp;M Irfan Hussain,&nbsp;Ping Yan,&nbsp;Chunli Zhang,&nbsp;Yan Fan,&nbsp;Lei Kang,&nbsp;Rongfu Wang,&nbsp;Jianhua Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaona Ren,&nbsp;Changchun Ge","doi":"10.1080/17435390.2023.2170836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17435390.2023.2170836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mesoporous carbon nanotubes (mCNTs) hold great promise interests, owing to their superior nano-platform properties for biomedicine. To fully utilize this potential, the toxicity and biodistribution of pristine and surface-modified mCNTs (-OH/-COOH) should preferentially be addressed. The results of cell viability suggested that pristine mCNTs induced cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. As evidence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), pristine mCNTs induced noticeable redox imbalance. ^99mTc tracing data suggested that the cellular uptake of pristine mCNTs posed a concentrate-dependent and energy-dependent manner <i>via</i> macropinocytotic and clathrin-dependent pathways, and the main accumulated organs were lung, liver and spleen. With OH modification, the ROS generation, MDA deposition and SOD consumption were evidently reduced compared with the pristine mCNTs at 24/48 h high-dose exposure. With COOH modification, the modified mCNTs only showed a significant difference in SOD consumption at 24/48 h exposure, but there was no significant difference in the measurement of ROS and MDA. The internalization mechanism and organ distribution of modified mCNTs were basically invariant. Together, our study provides evidence that mCNTs and the modified mCNTs all could induce oxidative damage and thereby impair cells. ^99mTc-mCNTs can effectively trace the distribution of nanotubes <i>in vivo</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":18899,"journal":{"name":"Nanotoxicology","volume":"16 9-10","pages":"895-912"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9094939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/17435390.2022.2146047","DOIUrl":"10.1080/17435390.2022.2146047","url":null,"abstract":"2) Figure 8 caption was incorrect. The correct caption is as follows: Figure 8. Inflammatory IL-1b, TNF-a (A,B) and anti-inflammatory IL-10 (C) levels were measured in serum samples of each animal in all groups. Data are presented as mean value ± standard deviation. , symbolizes the significant differences between the groups mentioned above and the naïve group. #, symbolizes the significant differences between the groups mentioned above and the naïveþHepB group.","PeriodicalId":18899,"journal":{"name":"Nanotoxicology","volume":"16 9-10","pages":"955"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10773649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting the cytotoxicity of nanomaterials through explainable, extreme gradient boosting.","authors":"Allegra Conti,&nbsp;Luisa Campagnolo,&nbsp;Stefano Diciotti,&nbsp;Antonio Pietroiusti,&nbsp;Nicola Toschi","doi":"10.1080/17435390.2022.2156823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17435390.2022.2156823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanoparticles (NPs) are a wide class of materials currently used in several industrial and biomedical applications. Due to their small size (1-100 nm), NPs can easily enter the human body, inducing tissue damage. NP toxicity depends on physical and chemical NP properties (e.g., size, charge and surface area) in ways and magnitudes that are still unknown. We assess the average as well as the individual importance of NP atomic descriptors, along with chemical properties and experimental conditions, in determining cytotoxicity endpoints for several nanomaterials. We employ a multicenter cytotoxicity nanomaterial database (12 different materials with first and second dimensions ranging between 2.70 and 81.2 nm and between 4.10 and 4048 nm, respectively). We develop a regressor model based on extreme gradient boosting with hyperparameter optimization. We employ Shapley additive explanations to obtain good cytotoxicity prediction performance. Model performances are quantified as statistically significant Spearman correlations between the true and predicted values, ranging from 0.5 to 0.7. Our results show that i) size in situ and surface areas larger than 200 nm and 50 m2/g, respectively, ii) primary particles smaller than 20 nm; iii) irregular (i.e., not spherical) shapes and iv) positive Z-potentials contribute the most to the prediction of NP cytotoxicity, especially if lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays are employed for short experimental times. These results were moderately stable across toxicity endpoints, although some degree of variability emerged across dose quantification methods, confirming the complexity of nano-bio interactions and the need for large, systematic experimental characterization to reach a safer-by-design approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":18899,"journal":{"name":"Nanotoxicology","volume":"16 9-10","pages":"844-856"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9095093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silver nanoparticles suppress forskolin-induced syncytialization in BeWo cells.","authors":"Yuji Sakahashi,&nbsp;Kazuma Higashisaka,&nbsp;Ryo Isaka,&nbsp;Rina Izutani,&nbsp;Jiwon Seo,&nbsp;Atsushi Furuta,&nbsp;Akemi Yamaki-Ushijima,&nbsp;Hirofumi Tsujino,&nbsp;Yuya Haga,&nbsp;Akitoshi Nakashima,&nbsp;Yasuo Tsutsumi","doi":"10.1080/17435390.2022.2162994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17435390.2022.2162994","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Opportunities for the exposure of pregnant women to engineered nanoparticles have been increasing with the expanding use of these materials. Therefore, there are concerns that nanoparticles could have adverse effects on the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. The effects of nanoparticles on the mother and fetus have been evaluated from this perspective, but there is still little knowledge about the effects on placentation and function acquisition, which are essential for the successful establishment and maintenance of pregnancy. Formation of the syncytiotrophoblast is indispensable for the acquisition of placental function, and impairment of syncytialization inevitably affects pregnancy outcomes. Here, we assessed the effect of nanoparticles on placental formation by using forskolin-treated BeWo cells, a typical <i>in vitro</i> model of trophoblast syncytialization. Immunofluorescence staining analysis revealed that silver nanoparticles with a diameter of 10 nm (nAg10) (at 0.156 µg/mL) significantly decreased the proportion of syncytialized BeWo cells, but gold nanoparticles with a diameter of 10 nm did not. Consistently, only nAg10 (at 0.156 µg/mL) significantly suppressed forskolin-induced elevation of <i>CGB</i> and <i>SDC1</i> mRNA expression levels and human chorionic gonadotropin β production in a dose-dependent manner; these molecules are all markers of syncytialization. Besides, nAg10 significantly decreased the expression of <i>ERVFRD-1</i>, which encodes proteins associated with cell fusion. Moreover, nAg10 tended to suppress the expression of sFlt-1 e15a, a placental angiogenesis marker. Collectively, our data suggest that nAg10 could suppress formation of the syncytiotrophoblast and that induce placental dysfunction and the following poor pregnancy outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18899,"journal":{"name":"Nanotoxicology","volume":"16 9-10","pages":"883-894"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9447930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic activity of nanoparticles: the development of the standardized measurement for physiological conditions.","authors":"Vytas Reipa,&nbsp;Nam Wong Song,&nbsp;Minjeong Kwak,&nbsp;Min Beom Heo,&nbsp;Tae Geol Lee,&nbsp;Paul Westerhoff,&nbsp;Yuqiang Bi,&nbsp;Blaza Toman,&nbsp;Vincent A Hackley,&nbsp;Haruhisa Kato,&nbsp;Yosuke Tabei,&nbsp;Kanokwan Nontapot,&nbsp;Yonghyun Choi,&nbsp;Jonghoon Choi","doi":"10.1080/17435390.2022.2159558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17435390.2022.2159558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recently a new International Standard for testing nanomaterial photocatalytic activity under physiological conditions was issued by Technical Committee 229 (Nanotechnologies) of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO 20814:2019 Nanotechnologies-Testing the photocatalytic activity of nanoparticles for NADH oxidation). The document offers a robust, high throughput photocatalytic assay using a bio-compatible indicator nicotinamide amide dinucleotide (NAD) and provides a screening tool to gauge nanomaterial potency for phototoxicity. This paper describes the measurement principles behind this assay, the scope of the standard and its validation through an interlaboratory comparison study using a traceable standard reference material (SRM 1898).</p>","PeriodicalId":18899,"journal":{"name":"Nanotoxicology","volume":"16 9-10","pages":"857-866"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10773622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomarkers of oxidative stress in urine and plasma of operators at six Singapore printing centers and their association with several metrics of printer-emitted nanoparticle exposures.","authors":"Dhimiter Bello,&nbsp;Lucia Chanetsa,&nbsp;Costas A Christophi,&nbsp;Dilpreet Singh,&nbsp;Magdiel Inggrid Setyawati,&nbsp;David C Christiani,&nbsp;Sanjay H Chotirmall,&nbsp;Kee Woei Ng,&nbsp;Philip Demokritou","doi":"10.1080/17435390.2023.2175735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17435390.2023.2175735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Inhalation of nanoparticles emitted from toner-based printing equipment (TPE), such as laser printers and photocopiers, also known as PEPs, has been associated with systemic inflammation, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disorders, and genotoxicity. Global serum metabolomics analysis in 19 healthy TPE operators found 52 dysregulated biomolecules involved in upregulation of inflammation, immune, and antioxidant responses and downregulation of cellular energetics and cell proliferation. Here, we build on the metabolomics study by investigating the association of a panel of nine urinary OS biomarkers reflecting DNA/RNA damage (8OHdG, 8OHG, and 5OHMeU), protein/amino acid oxidation (o-tyrosine, 3-chlorotyrosine, and 3-nitrotyrosine), and lipid oxidation (8-isoprostane, 4-hydroxy nonenal, and malondialdehyde [MDA]), as well as plasma total MDA and total protein carbonyl (TPC), with several nanoparticle exposure metrics in the same 19 healthy TPE operators. Plasma total MDA, urinary 5OHMeU, 3-chlorotyrosine, and 3-nitrotyrosine were positively, whereas o-tyrosine inversely and statistically significantly associated with PEPs exposure in multivariate models, after adjusting for age and urinary creatinine. Urinary 8OHdG, 8OHG, 5OHMeU, and total MDA in urine and plasma had group mean values higher than expected in healthy controls without PEPs exposure and comparable to those of workers experiencing low to moderate levels of oxidative stress (OS). The highest exposure group had OS biomarker values, most notably 8OHdG, 8OHG, and total MDA, that compared to workers exposed to welding fumes and titanium dioxide. Particle number concentration was the most sensitive and robust exposure metric. A combination of nanoparticle number concentration and OS potential of fresh aerosols is recommended for larger scale future studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18899,"journal":{"name":"Nanotoxicology","volume":"16 9-10","pages":"913-934"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9097058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iron oxide nanoparticles cause surface coating- and core chemistry-dependent endothelial cell ferroptosis.","authors":"Xue Zhang,&nbsp;Fei Kong,&nbsp;Tian Wang,&nbsp;Xin Huang,&nbsp;Wanqing Li,&nbsp;Meichen Zhang,&nbsp;Tao Wen,&nbsp;Jian Liu,&nbsp;Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Jie Meng,&nbsp;Haiyan Xu","doi":"10.1080/17435390.2022.2154176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17435390.2022.2154176","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are mostly intended to be administrated intravenously, understanding the interaction of IONPs with vascular endothelial cells is extremely crucial for developing safe application regimes of IONPs. In this work, interactions of three kinds of IONPs to endothelial cells were investigated both in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and in healthy mice. Both meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) coated Fe₃O₄ NPs (DMSA-Fe₃O₄ NPs) and DMSA-Fe₂O₃ NPs induced cell growth inhibition, while polyglucose sorbitol carboxymethyether coated Fe₂O₃ NPs(PSC-Fe₂O₃ NPs) did not. The PSC coating inhibited the cellular uptake of the IONPs. Both DMSA-Fe₃O₄ and DMSA-Fe₂O₃ NPs induced ferroptosis of HUVEC through upregulating phospholipid peroxides, which could be inhibited by typical ferroptosis inhibitors ferrostatin-1, Trolox and deferoxamine. Moreover, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) was upregulated by DMSA-Fe₃O₄ NPs at protein and gene level. The inhibitor of TGFβ1 receptor LY210 could reduce the effect. When being intravenously injected in mice, DMSA-Fe₃O₄ NPs were observed locating in the liver, increased the levels of lipid peroxidation (4-hydroxynonenal), acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4(ACSL4) and TGFβ1, indicating ferroptosis occurrence <i>in vivo</i>. The ferroptosis of vascular endothelial cells in exposure with IONPs depended on the surface coating and core chemistry of the NPs. Both DMSA-Fe₃O₄ NPs and DMSA-Fe₂O₃ NPs could induce the ferroptosis of endothelial cells, while PSC-Fe₂O₃ NPs did not induce ferroptosis and apoptosis possibly due to the very low cellular uptake. DMSA-Fe₃O₄ NPs and TGFβ1 formed feedforward loop to induce ferroptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18899,"journal":{"name":"Nanotoxicology","volume":"16 9-10","pages":"829-843"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9097637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of toxicity and cellular responses following pulmonary exposure to different types of nanofibers.","authors":"Min-Sung Kang,&nbsp;Gwang-Hee Lee,&nbsp;Mi-Jin Yang,&nbsp;Myeong-Chang Sung,&nbsp;Hyoung-Yun Han,&nbsp;Byoung-Seok Lee,&nbsp;Bosung Baek,&nbsp;Dong-Wan Kim,&nbsp;Eun-Jung Park","doi":"10.1080/17435390.2023.2177205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17435390.2023.2177205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pulmonary effects of inhaled microfibers are an emerging public health concern. In this study, we investigated toxicity following pulmonary exposure to synthetic polyethylene oxide fibroin (PEONF) and silk fibroin (SFNF) nanofibers and the cellular responses. When instilled intratracheally weekly for four weeks, body weight gain was significantly reduced in female mice exposed to the higher dose of SFNF when compared with the control group. The total number of cells in the lungs was more significant in all treated groups than in the control, whereas the relative portion of neutrophils and eosinophils increased significantly only in female mice exposed to SFNF. Both types of nanofibers induced notable pathological changes and increased pulmonary expression of MCP-1α, CXCL1, and TGF-β. More importantly, blood calcium, creatinine kinase, sodium, and chloride concentration were affected significantly, showing sex- and material-dependent differences. The relative portion of eosinophils increased only in SFNF-treated mice. In addition, both types of nanofibers induced necrotic and late apoptotic cell death in alveolar macrophages after 24 h of exposure, with accompanying oxidative stress, increased NO production, cell membrane rupture, intracellular organelle damage, and intracellular calcium accumulation. Additionally, multinucleated giant cells were formed in cells exposed to PEONF or SFNF. Taken together, the findings indicate that inhaled PEONF and SFNF may cause systemic adverse health effects with lung tissue damage, showing differences by sex- and material. Furthermore, PEONF- and SFNF-induced inflammatory response may be partly due to the low clearance of dead (or damaged) pulmonary cells and the excellent durability of PEONF and SFNF.</p>","PeriodicalId":18899,"journal":{"name":"Nanotoxicology","volume":"16 9-10","pages":"935-954"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9465389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}