Nanotechnology, Science and Applications最新文献

{"title":"Effect of Chemically Modified Castor Seed (Ricinus Communis) Shell Powder on The Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber Vulcanizate","authors":"Tenebe O.G, Madufor I.C, Obidiegwu M.U, O. H.C","doi":"10.33425/2639-9466.1028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9466.1028","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanical properties of natural rubber filled with modified castor seed shell powder for some engineering applications were studied. Castor seed shells were obtained and treated with 20% NaOH for 1h, washed and dried at 75oC and were pulverized and sieved to 75μm. Treated castor seed shell (TCSS) powder showed improved characteristics when compared to the untreated (UCSS) in terms of pH, bulk density, moisture content, lignin content, cellulose content, hemicelluloses content, thermal stability, SEM and FTIR spectra respectively. Natural rubber was compounded at varying filler loadings of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50phr on a two-roll mill. The cure characteristics of the compounded rubber were determined using a Mosanto Rheometer (model MDR 2000) and the result obtained were used for vulcanization in a hydraulic press. The cure characteristics, mechanical and morphological properties of the vulcanizates were analysed and compared with carbon black filled samples. The preliminary results showed that castor seed shell is hydrophilic which was chemically treated to decrease the hydrophilicity. The maximum and minimum torques increased with filler loadings. The result of the natural rubber filled vulcanizates showed improved mechanical properties such as; tensile strength, modulus, tear strength, hardness, abrasion resistance which increased with increased filler loadings while elongation at break, flex fatigue, compression set, impact strength and rebound resilience decreased with filler loadings. The TCSS filled vulcanizate showed superior abrasion resistance and compression set when compared with UCSS and CB filled. The sample morphology at 30phr revealed that TCSS was well dispersed due to strong interfacial adhesion between the filler and the matrices contributing to the improved mechanical properties investigated when compared to UCSS filled with poor interfacial interaction. The result reveal that TCSS is a reinforcing filler that can be used for the production of natural rubber-based products for some engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86601524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of Polymeric (Self-Disappearing) Nano Medical Patches Loaded with a Long-Acting Pharmacological Substance by Electrospinning Method","authors":"Alia Hindi, Mohammad Yahia Masri, S. Hardcastle, M. Batal","doi":"10.33425/2639-9466.1029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9466.1029","url":null,"abstract":"Nano-polymer (self-disappearing) medical patches loaded with a long-acting drug were manufactured by cospinning method of synthetic polymers PVA and PVP at a rate of 10%W for each polymer and with the addition different medicinal substances, namely diclofenac de ethylamine, gentamicin, in concentration 5%w (each substance separately). And studding the morphological structure of the prepared samples by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X- Ray diffraction (XRD), then converted into a medical adhesive form, and then tested on the human hand directly, as it has proven its effectiveness in delivering the drug to the affected area directly. It is very easy to use, medically safe and economic, as it does not need huge industrial equipment for its production.","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79635998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanomaterials and Rare Earths Used To Evaluate the Photocatalytic Degradation of a Dye, with Potential Use in Decontaminating Water Bodies","authors":"Naranjo-Castañeda Felix Antonio, Palacios-Grijalva Laura Nadxieli, Martínez-Jiménez Anatolio, Chávez-Sandoval Blanca Estela","doi":"10.33425/2639-9466.1026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9466.1026","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, nanomaterials and rare earths were obtained with application in the degradation of dyes since in the developing countries the decontamination of water bodies is essential. We used TiO2 for incorporation of rare earths applied to photocatalytic activity in degradation of methyl blue due to its high chemical stability and corrosion resistance. We obtain nanostructured materials of TiO2, TiO2: Ln3+ (Ln3+ = Sm3+, Gd3+ and Yb3+) by sol gel method, for decontamination of dye such as methylene blue in surface water bodies. Through x-ray diffraction, we found that anatase-rutile phase was achieved in TiO2 and tetragonal anatase phase in TiO2 : Ln3+. Size average in nanometres of 31, 37, 44 y 34 for TiO2, TiO2 : Sm3+, TiO2: Gd3+ and TiO2:Yb3+ respectively determinate by atomic force microscopy and by UV spectroscopy the energy gap (2.94, 2.87, 2.85 and 2.95) eV respectively. As for the degradation of the methylene blue dye, the best catalyst under UV radiation was TiO2 : Gd3+ with 54% degradation compared to TiO2 that presented 52%, 29% for TiO2 : Sm3+ and with 27% to TiO2 : Yb3+ determined by fluorimetry. These materials must be applied in industrial post-treatment processes using photo catalysis for the decontamination of bodies of water.","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82581502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene Oxide as a Collagen Modifier of Amniotic Membrane and Burnt Skin.","authors":"Anna Pielesz,&nbsp;Czesław Ślusarczyk,&nbsp;Marta Sieradzka,&nbsp;Tomasz Kukulski,&nbsp;Dorota Biniaś,&nbsp;Ryszard Fryczkowski,&nbsp;Rafał Bobiński,&nbsp;Wioletta Waksmańska","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S343540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S343540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of this interdisciplinary study was to answer the question of whether active antioxidants as graphene oxide (GO), sodium ascorbate, and L-ascorbic acid modify at a molecular and supramolecular level the tissue of pathological amnion and the necrotic eschar degraded in thermal burn. We propose new solutions of modifiers based on GO that will become innovative ingredients to be used in transplants (amnion) and enhance regeneration of epidermis degraded in thermal burn.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A Nicolet 6700 spectrophotometer with Omnic software and the EasiDiff diffusion accessory were used in FTIR spectroscopic analysis. A Nicolet Magna-IR 860 spectrometer with an FT Raman accessory was used to record the Raman spectra of the samples. The surface of the samples was examined using a Phenom ProX scanning electron microscope with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy detector to diagnose and illustrate morphological effects on skin and amnion samples. SAXS measurements were carried out with a compact Kratky camera equipped with the SWAXS optical system.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Characterisation of amide I-III regions, important for molecular structure, on both FTIR and FTR spectra revealed distinct shifts, testifying to organization of protein structure after GO modification. A wide lipid band associated with ester-group vibrations in phospholipids of cell membranes and vibrations of the carbonyl group of GO in the 1,790-1,720 cm^-1 band were observed in the spectra of thermally degraded and GO-modified epidermis and pathological amnion. SAXS studies revealed that GO caused a significant change in the structure of the burnt skin, but its influence on the structure of the amnion was weak.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Modification of burn-damaged epidermis and pathological amnion by means of GO results in stabilization and regeneration of tissue at the level of molecular (FTIR, FTR) and supramolecular (SAXS) interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":" ","pages":"221-235"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/1f/57/nsa-14-221.PMC8665888.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39727788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene and Graphene Oxide as a Support for Biomolecules in the Development of Biosensors.","authors":"Shiva Shahriari, Murali Sastry, Santosh Panjikar, R K Singh Raman","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S334487","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NSA.S334487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Graphene and graphene oxide have become the base of many advanced biosensors due to their exceptional characteristics. However, lack of some properties, such as inertness of graphene in organic solutions and non-electrical conductivity of graphene oxide, are their drawbacks in sensing applications. To compensate for these shortcomings, various methods of modifications have been developed to provide the appropriate properties required for biosensing. Efficient modification of graphene and graphene oxide facilitates the interaction of biomolecules with their surface, and the ultimate bioconjugate can be employed as the main sensing part of the biosensors. Graphene nanomaterials as transducers increase the signal response in various sensing applications. Their large surface area and perfect biocompatibility with lots of biomolecules provide the prerequisite of a stable biosensor, which is the immobilization of bioreceptor on transducer. Biosensor development has paramount importance in the field of environmental monitoring, security, defense, food safety standards, clinical sector, marine sector, biomedicine, and drug discovery. Biosensor applications are also prevalent in the plant biology sector to find the missing links required in the metabolic process. In this review, the importance of oxygen functional groups in functionalizing the graphene and graphene oxide and different types of functionalization will be explained. Moreover, immobilization of biomolecules (such as protein, peptide, DNA, aptamer) on graphene and graphene oxide and at the end, the application of these biomaterials in biosensors with different transducing mechanisms will be discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":" ","pages":"197-220"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/21/ce/nsa-14-197.PMC8605898.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39920141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospective Application of Nanoparticles Green Synthesized Using Medicinal Plant Extracts as Novel Nanomedicines.","authors":"Rajendran K Selvakesavan, Gregory Franklin","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S333467","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NSA.S333467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of medicinal plants in green synthesis of metal nanoparticles is increasing day by day. A simple search for the keywords \"green synthesis\" and \"nanoparticles\" yields more than 33,000 articles in Scopus. As of August 10, 2021, more than 4000 articles have been published in 2021 alone. Besides demonstrating the ease and environmental-friendly route of synthesizing nanomaterials, many studies report the superior pharmacological properties of green synthesized nanoparticles compared to those synthesized by other methods. This is probably due to the fact that bioactive molecules are entrapped on the surface of these nanoparticles. On the other hand, recent studies have confirmed the nano-dimension and biocompatibility of metal ash (<i>Bhasma</i>) preparations, which are commonly macerated with biological products and administered for the treatment of various diseases in Indian medicine since ancient times. This perspective article argues for the prospective medical application of green nanoparticles in the light of <i>Bhasma</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":" ","pages":"179-195"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d6/1e/nsa-14-179.PMC8476107.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39470745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial Biofilm Destruction: A Focused Review On The Recent Use of Phage-Based Strategies With Other Antibiofilm Agents.","authors":"Stephen Amankwah, Kedir Abdella, Tesfaye Kassa","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S325594","DOIUrl":"10.2147/NSA.S325594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biofilms are bacterial communities that live in association with biotic or abiotic surfaces and enclosed in an extracellular polymeric substance. Their formation on both biotic and abiotic surfaces, including human tissue and medical device surfaces, pose a major threat causing chronic infections. In addition, current antibiotics and antiseptic agents have shown limited ability to completely remove biofilms. In this review, the authors provide an overview on the formation of bacterial biofilms and its characteristics, burden and evolution with phages. Moreover, the most recent possible use of phages and phage-derived enzymes to combat bacteria in biofilm structures is elucidated. From the emerging results, it can be concluded that despite successful use of phages and phage-derived products in destroying biofilms, they are mostly not adequate to eradicate all bacterial cells. Nevertheless, a combined therapy with the use of phages and/or phage-derived products with other antimicrobial agents including antibiotics, nanoparticles, and antimicrobial peptides may be effective approaches to remove biofilms from medical device surfaces and to treat their associated infections in humans.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":" ","pages":"161-177"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/13/7e/nsa-14-161.PMC8449863.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39437289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diamond Nanofilm Normalizes Proliferation and Metabolism in Liver Cancer Cells.","authors":"Malwina Sosnowska,&nbsp;Marta Kutwin,&nbsp;Barbara Strojny,&nbsp;Mateusz Wierzbicki,&nbsp;Dominik Cysewski,&nbsp;Jarosław Szczepaniak,&nbsp;Mateusz Ficek,&nbsp;Piotr Koczoń,&nbsp;Sławomir Jaworski,&nbsp;André Chwalibog,&nbsp;Ewa Sawosz","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S322766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S322766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma can be associated with recurrence resulting from the degeneration of residual volume of the liver. The objective was to assess the possibility of using a biocompatible nanofilm, made of a colloid of diamond nanoparticles (nfND), to fill the side after tumour resection and optimize its contact with proliferating liver cells, minimizing their cancerous transformation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>HepG2 and C3A liver cancer cells and HS-5 non-cancer cells were used. An aqueous colloid of diamond nanoparticles, which covered the cell culture plate, was used to create the nanofilm. The roughness of the resulting nanofilm was measured by atomic force microscopy. Mitochondrial activity and cell proliferation were measured by XTT and BrdU assays. Cell morphology and a scratch test were used to evaluate the invasiveness of cells. Flow cytometry determined the number of cells within the cell cycle. Protein expression in was measured by mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The nfND created a surface with increased roughness and exposed oxygen groups compared with a standard plate. All cell lines were prone to settling on the nanofilm, but cancer cells formed more relaxed clusters. The surface compatibility was dependent on the cell type and decreased in the order C3A >HepG2 >HS-5. The invasion was reduced in cancer lines with the greatest effect on the C3A line, reducing proliferation and increasing the G2/M cell population. Among the proteins with altered expression, membrane and nuclear proteins dominated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In vitro studies demonstrated the antiproliferative properties of nfND against C3A liver cancer cells. At the same time, the need to personalize potential therapy was indicated due to the differential protein synthetic responses in C3A vs HepG2 cells. We documented that nfND is a source of signals capable of normalizing the expression of many intracellular proteins involved in the transformation to non-cancerous cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":" ","pages":"115-137"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2021-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4c/2d/nsa-14-115.PMC8420805.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39407812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterising Vascular Cell Monolayers Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy and a Novel Electroanalytical Plot [Retraction].","authors":"","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S326515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S326515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This retracts the article DOI: 10.2147/NSA.S266663.].</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":" ","pages":"113"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2021-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8256385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39161949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast and Reliable Synthesis of Melanin Nanoparticles with Fine-Tuned Metal Adsorption Capacities for Studying Heavy Metal Ions Uptake.","authors":"Eman R Darwish,&nbsp;Haitham Kalil,&nbsp;Wafa Alqahtani,&nbsp;Sayed M N Moalla,&nbsp;Nasser M Hosny,&nbsp;Alaa S Amin,&nbsp;Heidi B Martin,&nbsp;Mekki Bayachou","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S296722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S296722","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Adsorption and uptake of heavy metals by polymeric nanoparticles is driven by a variety of physicochemical processes. In this work, we examined heavy metal uptake by synthetic melanin nanoparticles and analyzed physicochemical properties that affect the extent of metal uptake by the nanoparticles. Methods Eumelanin nanoparticles were synthesized in a one-pot fast process from a 5,6-diacetoxy indole precursor that is hydrolyzed in situ into dihydroxy indole (DHI). The method allows the possibility of changing the level of sodium ions that ends up in the nanoparticles. Two variants of synthetic DHI–melanin (low-sodium and high sodium variants) were evaluated and demonstrated different relative adsorption efficiencies for heavy metal cations. Results and Discussion For the low-sodium DHI–melanin and in terms of percentages of metal ion removal, the relative order of extraction from 50 ppm solutions was Zn2+ > Cd2+ > Ni2+ > Co2+ > Cu2+ > Pb2+, with the extraction percentages ranging from 90% down to 76%, for a 30-minute adsorption time before equilibrium. The lower-sodium DHI–melanin consistently removed more Zn2+ than the higher-sodium variant. Electron microscopy (SEM) showed an increase in melanin particle size after metal ions uptake. In addition, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of DHI–melanin particles with depth profiling after Zn ions uptake supported particle swelling and ion transport within the particles. Conclusion These initial studies showed the potential of this straightforward synthesis to obtain synthetic DHI–melanin nanoparticles similar to those from biological sources with the possibility to fine-tune their metal adsorption capacity. These synthetic nanoparticles can be used either for the removal of a variety of metal ions or to mimic and study mechanisms of metal uptake by melanin deriving from biological sources, with the potential to understand, for instance, differential heavy metal uptake by various melanic pigments.","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":" ","pages":"101-111"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fc/f5/nsa-14-101.PMC8163724.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39055519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}