Nanotechnology, Science and Applications最新文献

{"title":"Uptake and Intracellular Trafficking Studies of Multiple Dye-Doped Core-Shell Silica Nanoparticles in Lymphoid and Myeloid Cells.","authors":"Federica Sola,&nbsp;Barbara Canonico,&nbsp;Mariele Montanari,&nbsp;Angela Volpe,&nbsp;Chiara Barattini,&nbsp;Chiara Pellegrino,&nbsp;Erica Cesarini,&nbsp;Michele Guescini,&nbsp;Michela Battistelli,&nbsp;Claudio Ortolani,&nbsp;Alfredo Ventola,&nbsp;Stefano Papa","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S290867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S290867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Since most biologically active macromolecules are natural nanostructures, operating in the same scale of biomolecules gives the great advantage to enhance the interaction with cellular components. Noteworthy efforts in nanotechnology, particularly in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields, have propelled a high number of studies on the biological effects of nanomaterials. Moreover, the determination of specific physicochemical properties of nanomaterials is crucial for the evaluation and design of novel safe and efficient therapeutics and diagnostic tools. In this in vitro study, we report a physicochemical characterisation of fluorescent silica nanoparticles (NPs), interacting with biological models (U937 and PBMC cells), describing the specific triggered biologic response.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Flow Cytometric and Confocal analyses are the main method platforms. However TEM, NTA, DLS, and chemical procedures to synthesize NPs were employed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>NT_B700 NPs, employed in this study, are fluorescent core-shell silica nanoparticles, synthesized through a micelle-assisted method, where the fluorescence energy transfer process, known as FRET, occurs at a high efficiency rate. Using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, we observed that NT_B700 NP uptake seemed to be a rapid, concentration-, energy- and cell type-dependent process, which did not induce significant cytotoxic effects. We did not observe a preferred route of internalization, although their size and the possible aggregated state could influence their extrusion. At this level of analysis, our investigation focuses on lysosome and mitochondria pathways, highlighting that both are involved in NP co-localization. Despite the main mitochondria localization, NPs did not induce a significant increase of intracellular ROS, known inductors of apoptosis, during the time course of analyses. Finally, both lymphoid and myeloid cells are able to release NPs, essential to their biosafety.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These data allow to consider NT_B700 NPs a promising platform for future development of a multifunctional system, by combining imaging and localized therapeutic applications in a unique tool.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":" ","pages":"29-48"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2021-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/4d/74/nsa-14-29.PMC7954439.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25485084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipid Nanosystems and Serum Protein as Biomimetic Interfaces: Predicting the Biodistribution of a Caffeic Acid-Based Antioxidant.","authors":"Eduarda Fernandes,&nbsp;Sofia Benfeito,&nbsp;Fernando Cagide,&nbsp;Hugo Gonçalves,&nbsp;Sigrid Bernstorff,&nbsp;Jana B Nieder,&nbsp;M Elisabete Cd Real Oliveira,&nbsp;Fernanda Borges,&nbsp;Marlene Lúcio","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S289355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S289355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>AntiOxCIN₃ is a novel mitochondriotropic antioxidant developed to minimize the effects of oxidative stress on neurodegenerative diseases. Prior to an investment in pre-clinical in vivo studies, it is important to apply in silico and biophysical cell-free in vitro studies to predict AntiOxCIN₃ biodistribution profile, respecting the need to preserve animal health in accordance with the EU principles (Directive 2010/63/EU). Accordingly, we propose an innovative toolbox of biophysical studies and mimetic models of biological interfaces, such as nanosystems with different compositions mimicking distinct membrane barriers and human serum albumin (HSA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Intestinal and cell membrane permeation of AntiOxCIN₃ was predicted using derivative spectrophotometry. AntiOxCIN₃ -HSA binding was evaluated by intrinsic fluorescence quenching, synchronous fluorescence, and dynamic/electrophoretic light scattering. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence quenching was used to predict AntiOxCIN₃-membrane orientation. Fluorescence anisotropy, synchrotron small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering were used to predict lipid membrane biophysical impairment caused by AntiOxCIN₃ distribution.</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>We found that AntiOxCIN₃ has the potential to permeate the gastrointestinal tract. However, its biodistribution and elimination from the body might be affected by its affinity to HSA (>90%) and by its steady-state volume of distribution (<i>VD_SS</i> =1.89± 0.48 L∙Kg^-1). AntiOxCIN₃ is expected to locate parallel to the membrane phospholipids, causing a bilayer stiffness effect. AntiOxCIN₃ is also predicted to permeate through blood-brain barrier and reach its therapeutic target - the brain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Drug interactions with biological interfaces may be evaluated using membrane model systems and serum proteins. This knowledge is important for the characterization of drug partitioning, positioning and orientation of drugs in membranes, their effect on membrane biophysical properties and the study of serum protein binding. The analysis of these interactions makes it possible to collect valuable knowledge on the transport, distribution, accumulation and, eventually, therapeutic impact of drugs which may aid the drug development process.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":" ","pages":"7-27"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e4/43/nsa-14-7.PMC7882595.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25381969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large and Local Magnetoresistance in a State-of-the-Art Perpendicular Magnetic Medium.","authors":"Morgan Williamson,&nbsp;Cheng Wang,&nbsp;Pin-Wei Huang,&nbsp;Ganping Ju,&nbsp;Maxim Tsoi","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S289055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S289055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Magnetotransport properties of granular oxide-segregated CoPtCr films were studied on both macroscopic and microscopic length scales by performing bulk and point-contact magnetoresistance measurements, respectively. Such a perpendicular magnetic medium is used in state-of-the-art hard disc drives and, when combined with magnetotransport phenomena for read/write operations, may lead to a novel concept for magnetic recording with high areal density.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The CoPtCr films were deposited by an epitaxy-like sputtering and contained several perpendicularly magnetized granular-media layers with different coercivities; they are very much like the state-of-the-art perpendicular magnetic medium, which can be found in today's hard disc drives. Magnetoresistive properties of bulk films were assessed by measuring the film resistance in the standard Van der Pauw geometry, while the local transport was probed by the point-contact technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The bulk measurements showed only a negligible magnetoresistance of less than 0.02%. In contrast, the local point-contact measurements revealed giant-magnetoresistance-like changes Δ<i>R</i> in local resistance of the contact <i>R</i> with more than 10,000% ratio Δ<i>R/R</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The observed large and local magnetoresistive effect could be tentatively attributed to a tunnel magnetoresistance between oxide-segregated CoPtCr grains with different coercivities. The tunneling picture of electronic transport in our granular medium was confirmed by the observation of tunneling-like current-voltage characteristics of the contacts and bias dependence of the contact magnetoresistance - both the local point-contact resistance and magnetoresistance were found to decrease with the applied dc bias.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b0/5a/nsa-14-1.PMC7810671.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38839502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacodynamic Studies of Fluorescent Diamond Carriers of Doxorubicin in Liver Cancer Cells and Colorectal Cancer Organoids.","authors":"Ron Firestein,&nbsp;Cezary Marcinkiewicz,&nbsp;Linyan Nie,&nbsp;Hui Kheng Chua,&nbsp;Ines Velazquez Quesada,&nbsp;Marco Torelli,&nbsp;Mark Sternberg,&nbsp;Bojana Gligorijevic,&nbsp;Olga Shenderova,&nbsp;Romana Schirhagl,&nbsp;Giora Z Feuerstein","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S321725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S321725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We recently reported on preferential deposition of bare fluorescent diamond particles FDP-NV-700/800nm (FDP-NV) in the liver following intravenous administration to rats. The pharmacokinetics of FDP-NV in that species indicated short residency in the circulation by rapid clearance by the liver. Retention of FDP-NV in the liver was not associated with any pathology. These observations suggested that cancer therapeutics, such as doxorubicin, linked to FDP-NV, could potentially serve for anti-cancer treatment while sparing toxicities of peripheral organs.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To generate proof-of-concept (POC) and detail mechanisms of action of doxorubicin-coated FDP-NV-700/800nm (FDP-DOX) as a prospective chemotherapeutic for metastatic liver cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>FDP-DOX was generated by adsorption chemistry. Experimental design included concentration and time-dependent efficacy studies as compared with naïve (baren) FDP-NV in in vitro liver cancer cells models. Uptake of FDP-NV and FDP-DOX by HepG-2, Hep-3B and hCRC organoids were demonstrated by flow-cytometry and fluorescent microscopy. FDP-DOX pharmacodynamic effects included metabolic as well as cell death biomarkers Annexin V, TUNEL and LDH leakage. DOX desorpted from FDP-DOX was assessed by confocal microscopy and chemical assay of cells fractions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>FDP-DOX efficacy was dose- and time-dependent and manifested in both liver cancer cell lines and human CRC organoids. FDP-DOX was rapidly internalized into cancer cells/organoids leading to cancer growth inhibition and apoptosis. FDP-DOX disrupted cell membrane integrity as evident by LDH release and suppressing mitochondrial metabolic pathways (AlamarBlue assay). Access of free DOX to the nuclei was confirmed by direct UV-Visible fluorescent assay and confocal microscopy of DOX fluorescence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The rapid uptake and profound cancer inhibition observed using FDP-DOX in clinically relevant cancer models, highlight FDP-DOX promise for cancer chemotherapeutics. We also conclude that the in vitro data justify further investment in in vivo POC studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"14 ","pages":"139-159"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/dd/74/nsa-14-139.PMC8434926.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10668630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size-Dependent Bioactivity of Silver Nanoparticles: Antibacterial Properties, Influence on Copper Status in Mice, and Whole-Body Turnover.","authors":"Ekaterina A Skomorokhova,&nbsp;Tatiana P Sankova,&nbsp;Iurii A Orlov,&nbsp;Andrew N Savelev,&nbsp;Daria N Magazenkova,&nbsp;Mikhail G Pliss,&nbsp;Alexey N Skvortsov,&nbsp;Ilya M Sosnin,&nbsp;Demid A Kirilenko,&nbsp;Ivan V Grishchuk,&nbsp;Elena I Sakhenberg,&nbsp;Elena V Polishchuk,&nbsp;Pavel N Brunkov,&nbsp;Alexey E Romanov,&nbsp;Ludmila V Puchkova,&nbsp;Ekaterina Yu Ilyechova","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S287658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S287658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The ability of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) of different sizes to influence copper metabolism in mice is assessed.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>AgNPs with diameters of 10, 20, and 75 nm were fabricated through a chemical reduction of silver nitrate and characterized by UV/Vis spectrometry, transmission and scanning electronic microscopy, and laser diffractometry. To test their bioactivity, <i>Escherichia coli</i> cells, cultured A549 cells, and C57Bl/6 mice were used. The antibacterial activity of AgNPs was determined by inhibition of colony-forming ability, and cytotoxicity was tested using the MTT test (viability, %). Ceruloplasmin (Cp, the major mammalian extracellular copper-containing protein) concentration and enzymatic activity were measured using gel-assay analyses and WB, respectively. In vitro binding of AgNPs with serum proteins was monitored with UV/Vis spectroscopy. Metal concentrations were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The smallest AgNPs displayed the largest dose- and time-dependent antibacterial activity. All nanoparticles inhibited the metabolic activity of A549 cells in accordance with dose and time, but no correlation between cytotoxicity and nanoparticle size was found. Nanosilver was not uniformly distributed through the body of mice intraperitoneally treated with low AgNP concentrations. It was predominantly accumulated in liver. There, nanosilver was included in ceruloplasmin, and Ag-ceruloplasmin with low oxidase activity level was formed. Larger nanoparticles more effectively interfered with the copper metabolism of mice. Large AgNPs quickly induced a drop of blood serum oxidase activity to practically zero, but after cancellation of AgNP treatment, the activity was rapidly restored. A major fraction of the nanosilver was excreted in the bile with Cp. Nanosilver was bound by alpha-2-macroglobulin in vitro and in vivo, but silver did not substitute for the copper atoms of Cp in vitro.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The data showed that even at low concentrations, AgNPs influence murine copper metabolism in size-dependent manner. This property negatively correlated with the antibacterial activity of AgNPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"13 ","pages":"137-157"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/60/e4/nsa-13-137.PMC7781014.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38788982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Cadmium Sulfide Quantum Dots Capped with Dextrin on Erythrocyte In Vitro","authors":"A. Lopez, J. R. Esparza, G. D. L. Cruz, P. R. Fragoso, C. Pacheco, L. R. Fragoso","doi":"10.33425/2639-9466.1023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9466.1023","url":null,"abstract":"Erythrocytes are sensitive to the effects of interaction with external agents and pathogens, which results in biochemical and morphological changes. This study evaluated the effects of CdS-dextrin nanoparticles on the biocompatibility, morphology and ζ-potential of erythrocytes in vitro. Blood was obtained from healthy male Wistar rats and erythrocytes were obtained by centrifugation. Hemolysis and topographical analyses were done using spectrophotometry and AFM, respectively. Determination of ζ-potential and molecular docking were also performed. CdS-dextrin quantum dots were evaluated at 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg/mL. CdS-dextrin quantum dots produced hemolysis (5%) with all concentrations used. Morphological changes included loss of biconcavity, and surface cracks were observed with 0.1 and 1 μg/mL during 30 min of exposure. When erythrocytes were incubated for 60 minutes this resulted in loss of concavity, increased size, and the presence of surface accumulations, which increased in a concentration dependent manner. The ζ-potential values did not change, regardless of the concentration of quantum dots. The analysis of CdS-dextrin quantum dots uptake showed that they did not enter the cell, though green fluorescence surrounding the erythrocytes was observed. The molecular docking revealed that dextrin of quantum dots might be interacting with glucose transporter GLUT1. Therefore, the interaction of CdSdextrin quantum dots with erythrocytes induce minimal hemolysis but important morphological changes. It is not clear if these changes could be associated with functional changes. These preliminary findings provide evidence that nanomaterials can interact with erythrocytes and might cause associated pathophysiological processes following human exposure.","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86553693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Perovskite Materials in Ferroelectric Polymer","authors":"Sharvare Palwai, P. Guggilla, A. Chilvery, A. Batra","doi":"10.33425/2639-9466.1024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9466.1024","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent years, nanocomposites have exhibited a catalytic role in improving electronic and optoelectronic properties of conventional ferroelectric polymers such as Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF). In the present work, we have discovered that PVDF doped with perovskite materials such as calcium titanate (CT) and zinc titanate (ZT) nanoparticles would display improved bandgaps, high absorption, and superior dielectric properties. These features are further complimented by optical studies that display improved absorption and finer spectral analysis.","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"171 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77489256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Deforestation on Avian Parasitic Co-infections in Recaptured Birds from an African Tropical Rainforest","authors":"Malange Nanyongo Fedo Elikwo, A. Nota, Tchoumbou M Adele, J. Fru-cho, Tabe T. Regine Claire, Tibab Brice, R. Sehgal","doi":"10.33425/2639-9466.1022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33425/2639-9466.1022","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of environmental changes due to deforestation that gives rise to the spread of infectious diseases remain insufficiently studied, particularly in parasitic co-infection scenarios. The mark-recapture of birds is of particular interest since we can study human-impacted environments and conduct longitudinal studies of infections. Birds in the South West region of Cameroon were sampled prior to deforestation in 2016 and again in 2017 following deforestation in an area slated for palm oil agriculture. The impact of deforestation on parasitaemia, co-infections trends (of four avian haematozoans and the Superfamily Filarioidea) and the relationships between the prevalence of co-infection of parasites and microclimatic factors (temperature and relative humidity) in all recaptured birds were analyzed using both microscopy and PCR techniques. A total of 1798 birds were caught, 156 of which were recaptures. The three most abundant birds recaptured were Bleda notatus (20.51%), Alethe castanea (18.59%) and Stiphrornis erythrothorax (8.97%). 90.39% of recaptures harbored at least one parasite genus and 81.56% had co-infections. Plasmodium, Trypanosoma and microfilariae parasitaemia, did not change significantly while Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon parasitaemia varied significantly in particular bird species from first capture to subsequent recapture. Plasmodium exhibited the highest diversity, prevalence and prevalence of co-infection with other avian haematozoans, and differed significantly across both forest types. Random forest analysis revealed that year of sampling, temperature and relative humidity are important predictors of parasitic co-infections. This study recorded fourteen new genetic cytochrome b lineages (10 Plasmodium and 4 Haemoproteus). Our work suggests that of the parasites tested, avian Plasmodium spp. are the best indicators of environmental disturbance because prevalence of infection varied significantly across forest types. Being in the early stages of understanding the complex interactions between avian hematozoa and their hosts in light of rapid environmental change, the study provides baseline information of parasitic co-infection trends in response deforestation.","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"404 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84861264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanosilica Synthesis from Betung Bamboo Sticks and Leaves by Ultrasonication.","authors":"Fitria Cita Dirna,&nbsp;Istie Rahayu,&nbsp;Akhiruddin Maddu,&nbsp;Wayan Darmawan,&nbsp;Dodi Nandika,&nbsp;Esti Prihatini","doi":"10.2147/NSA.S282357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/NSA.S282357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introductions: </strong>Ultrasonication can be used to synthesize nanosilica from silica derived from betung bamboo sticks and leaves. This study aimed to synthesize nanosilica from betung bamboo sticks and leaves by the use of ultrasonication and to characterize the nanosilica produced.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The main materials used in this study were bamboo sticks and leaves. Betung bamboo sticks and leaves were sun-dried and then burned separately without adding fuel to produce charcoal. Then the produced charcoal was burned at a temperature of 700°C for 6 hours in a furnace to produce ash. Silica was extracted from furnace ash using reflux methods. The production of nanosilica from the silica derived from the betung bamboo sticks and leaves was carried out using ultrasonication.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The yield of silica from sticks and leaves was based on ash dry weight 45.73% and 79.93%, respectively. The nanosilica derived from betung bamboo sticks had a particle size in the range of 169.87-1479.50 nm, with an average size of 502.35 nm and a particle dispersion index value of 0.1420. Nanosilica derived from betung bamboo leaves had a particle size in the range of 234.49-851.36 nm, with an average size of 472.67 nm and a particle dispersion index value of 0.0670. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that silica from betung bamboo sticks and leaves still agglomerated. The particle size of silica could minimize through ultrasonication to synthesize nanosilica.</p><p><strong>Discussions: </strong>X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the structure of nanosilica differed from that of silica, and it appeared to be semicrystalline. The ultrasonication method for the synthesis of nanosilica derived from betung bamboo sticks and leaves ash can produce nanosilica that has a semicrystalline phase. The use of surfactants in the process can make the size of the nanosilica particles more uniform and reduce the size of the nanoparticles produced.</p>","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"13 ","pages":"131-136"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.2147/NSA.S282357","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38762232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence Integration with Nanotechnology","authors":"Farahnaz Behgounia, Bahman Zohuri","doi":"10.46718/JBGSR.2020.06.000147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46718/JBGSR.2020.06.000147","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence is a new phenomenon that has occupied a prominent place in our present lives. Its presence in almost any industry that deals with any huge sheer volume of data are taking advantage of AI by integrating it into its day-to-day operation. AI has predictive power based on its data analytic functionality and some levels of autonomous learning, which its raw ingredient is just the massive sheer volume of data. Artificial intelligence is about extracting value from data, which has become the core business value when insight can be extracted. AI has various fundamental applications. This technology can be applied to many different sectors and industries. There has been a tremendous use of artificial intelligence in Nanotechnology research during the last decades. Convergence between artificial intelligence and Nanotechnology can shape the path for various technological developments and a large variety of disciplines. In this short communication, we present such innovative and dynamic sites utilizing artificial intelligence and its sub-sets of machine learning driven by deep learning in Nanotechnology","PeriodicalId":18881,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnology, Science and Applications","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76401069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}