Multiple Sclerosis Journal最新文献

{"title":"The characteristics and influencing factors of paramagnetic rim lesions in Chinese MS patients: A 7T MRI study.","authors":"Xinyao Liu, Yue Wang, Ning Wei, Wanlin Zhu, Yue Suo, Yuyuan Xu, Aoming Jin, Qin Xu, Nan Qi, Qianmei Jiang, Zhaobin Wang, Lei Su, Ai Guo, Jiali Sun, Yunyun Duan, Zhe Zhang, Jing Jing, De-Cai Tian","doi":"10.1177/13524585251328902","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13524585251328902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Paramagnetic rim lesions (PRLs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) are a significant factor for disability progression and prognosis, but their characteristics in the Chinese population are unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore PRLs in Chinese MS patients using 7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including their number, proportion, distribution, and associated factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients from the 7T MRI subgroup of the China National Registry of Neuro-Inflammatory Diseases (CNRID) were prospectively included. PRLs were assessed on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI)-phase images. Patients were grouped by PRL count (0, 1-3, 4-10, >10). Associations between clinical characteristics and PRL count were analyzed using multivariable linear regression, while correlations with disease duration were assessed using Pearson partial correlation and regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 110 participants, 96 (87.3%) had at least one PRL. In PRL groups, proportions were 12.7%, 20.0%, 29.1%, and 38.2%. PRL count positively correlated with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), total lesion count, and volume and negatively with Symbol Digit Modality Test (SDMT; <i>p</i> < 0.05). Longer disease duration was associated with a lower PRL proportion after adjusting for age and sex (β = -0.006, <i>p</i> = 0.032).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A high proportion of Chinese MS patients in our 7T MRI cohort had PRLs, with many exhibiting multiple PRLs (⩾4). PRL count was influenced by EDSS, SDMT, total lesion count, and volume, while PRL proportion negatively correlated with disease duration.</p>","PeriodicalId":18874,"journal":{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Journal","volume":" ","pages":"964-974"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Home-sampling of B cells using quantitative dried blood spots to enable tailored therapeutic re-dosing of anti-CD20 therapies.","authors":"Emma C Tallantyre, Emily Jacob, Laura Davies, Samantha Loveless, Emily Carne, Kath Bramhall, Janika Schulze, Stuart J Moat, Stephen Jolles","doi":"10.1177/13524585251330962","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13524585251330962","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies are commonly used to manage neuroinflammatory diseases. The rate of B-cell re-emergence after dosing of ocrelizumab or rituximab varies considerably between individuals, but most people remain completely B-cell depleted at 6 months. Tailoring the dosing according to B-cell re-emergence may improve the safety profile of anti-CD20s but poses logistical challenges such as the need for regular attendances for whole-blood sampling. Here we combined a quantitative dried blood spot sampling technique with a DNA methylation test, to provide a reliable means of remotely monitoring B-cell counts, with 100% sensitivity and specificity for reaching >10 × 10⁶ cells/L.</p>","PeriodicalId":18874,"journal":{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1007-1010"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of arterial spin labeling in the diagnosis and monitoring of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated cerebral cortical encephalitis.","authors":"Tomoya Shibahara, Kei Yamanaka, Mikiaki Matsuoka, Masaki Tachibana, Junya Kuroda, Hiroshi Nakane","doi":"10.1177/13524585241291444","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13524585241291444","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-associated disorders are inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the CNS. Cerebral cortical encephalitis (CCE) is characterized by cortical fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity with seizures and headaches. We report two cases of MOG antibody-associated CCE (MOG-CCE) evaluated using serial MRI sequences, including arterial spin labeling (ASL), pre- and posttreatment. In both patients, ASL demonstrated hyperperfusion correlating with disease activity, which normalized following steroid therapy. Our cases highlight the usefulness of ASL in early detection, monitoring, and assessment of treatment response in MOG-CCE.</p>","PeriodicalId":18874,"journal":{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1011-1013"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142546383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Change in serum neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein levels with high-efficacy and low-efficacy early therapy in multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Evan Madill, Vanessa Moreira Ferreira, Brian Healy, Jonathan Zurawski, Mariann Polgar-Turcsanyi, Howard L Weiner, Tanuja Chitnis","doi":"10.1177/13524585251335521","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13524585251335521","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) outcomes. We compare how high-efficacy early therapy (HEET) and lower-efficacy early therapy (LEET) affect serum NfL and GFAP at the initiation of disease-modifying therapy (DMT) and in the years afterwards.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adults diagnosed with MS within 5 years of symptom onset at our centre were eligible. Records from DMT-naïve patients with serum NfL and GFAP drawn in the year before treatment start and follow-up samples 6-36 months after treatment initiation were included in the 'pre-initiation' cohort. Those with baselines after DMT initiation and follow-up samples within 5 years were included in the 'post-initiation' cohort.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 155 pre-initiation patients (HEET: 85, LEET: 70) and 213 post-initiation (HEET: 55, LEET: 158). NfL levels were reduced following DMT initiation but did not differ significantly between HEET and LEET in either cohort. GFAP was not substantially impacted by either HEET or LEET.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The difference in NfL reduction with HEET and LEET may be smaller than anticipated, perhaps reflecting that disease activity risk is considered in real-world DMT selection. There is minimal impact of HEET or LEET on GFAP, at least over several years.</p>","PeriodicalId":18874,"journal":{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Journal","volume":" ","pages":"944-954"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144028334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccination in multiple sclerosis: Tackling challenges and paving the way for effective immunization.","authors":"René Carvajal, Carmen Tur, Blanca Borras-Bermejo, Deanna Saylor, Xavier Montalban, Mar Tintoré, Susana Otero-Romero","doi":"10.1177/13524585251318513","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13524585251318513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vaccination in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) presents unique challenges. Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) can increase infectious risks, though these are largely preventable through immunizations. However, DMTs can also reduce vaccine efficacy.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>This study aimed to identify challenges in achieving effective immunization for PwMS and explore strategies to optimize vaccination practices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Recent guidelines and studies on vaccination in PwMS were reviewed to pinpoint challenges, unmet needs, and opportunities for improvement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Early immunization before DMT initiation is vital for optimal responses, coordinating vaccinations with DMTs' presents challenges. Strategies to enhance vaccine efficacy, such as bridging therapies or more immunogenic formulations, may benefit highly active patients requiring immediate DMT initiation. Although live-attenuated vaccines pose challenges for those on immunosuppressive therapies, emerging evidence suggests safe administration in select cases. Overcoming vaccine hesitancy demands targeted education, personalized counseling, and improved access to services, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Inclusivity is crucial, particularly for groups, such as pediatric, pregnant, and elderly PwMS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A multifaceted approach is essential to addressing vaccination challenges in PwMS. Collaborative efforts involving multiple stakeholders are crucial for overcoming these obstacles and generating robust evidence. We propose an integrated strategy to ensure effective immunization while maintaining timely DMT administration.</p>","PeriodicalId":18874,"journal":{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Journal","volume":" ","pages":"754-763"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143605703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suboptimal B-cell depletion is associated with progression independent of relapse activity in multiple sclerosis patients treated with ocrelizumab.","authors":"Lisa Revie, Annika Jürjens, Maria Eveslage, Susan Trümpelmann, Valerie Teschner, Andreas Schulte-Mecklenbeck, Catharina C Gross, Jan D Lünemann, Jan Grosch, Catharina Korsukewitz, Heinz Wiendl, Luisa Klotz","doi":"10.1177/13524585251329849","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13524585251329849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While treatment with ocrelizumab has proven effective in preventing relapse-associated worsening (RAW) in relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS), a significant number of patients experience progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the association between B-cell depletion status and the risk of disability accumulation in RMS patients receiving ocrelizumab treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this monocentric cohort study of 148 RMS patients (2017-2023), we categorized participants into three groups: no evidence of disease activity (NEDA), evidence of disease activity (EDA), and PIRA. B-cell counts were measured every 6-12 months, with suboptimal depletion defined as ⩾10 CD19+ B-cells/µL. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models analyzed the relationship between B-cell depletion and disability progression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 148 patients, 70 (47%) achieved NEDA, 51 (34%) showed EDA, and 25 (17%) developed PIRA. NEDA patients demonstrated significantly lower B-cell counts compared to EDA (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and PIRA (<i>p</i> < 0.001) groups. Insufficient B-cell depletion was the strongest PIRA predictor (OR 3.73, 95% CI: 2.50-5.43, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and increased EDSS progression risk (HR 0.50, 95% CI: 0.26-0.97, <i>p</i> = 0.039).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PIRA occurs in the context of suboptimal B-cell depletion in RMS patients, highlighting the need for close monitoring and potential adjustment of infusion intervals.</p>","PeriodicalId":18874,"journal":{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Journal","volume":" ","pages":"813-820"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12159335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypnosis and mindfulness audio recordings for reducing fatigue in individuals with multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled study.","authors":"Mark P Jensen, Susan Robles, Michael G Nash, Susanne May, Dawn M Ehde, Melissa A Day, Owen Gottlieb, Laurence I Sugarman, Kevin N Alschuler","doi":"10.1177/13524585251329820","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13524585251329820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fatigue is a common problem in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective was to evaluate the effects on fatigue of having 4 weeks of access to audio recordings of therapeutic hypnosis (HYP) and mindfulness meditation (MM) practices.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 333 individuals with MS and fatigue were randomly assigned to one of the three treatment conditions for 28 weeks: (1) access to therapeutic HYP audio recordings, (2) access to MM audio recordings, or (3) no access to recordings (treatment as usual or TAU). Fatigue impact (primary outcome) and other outcomes were assessed at 4, 16, and 28 weeks after random assignment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants assigned to the HYP and MM conditions reported significantly greater reductions in fatigue impact, sleep disturbance, and depressive symptom severity than participants assigned to the TAU condition after 4 weeks of access to audio recordings of these interventions. These improvements were maintained for 16 and 28 weeks following initial access and did not result in any serious adverse events.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Given the ease with which audio recordings of HYP and MM could be provided to individuals with MS, the findings support the feasibility of a simple approach to have a significant beneficial impact on people with MS-related fatigue.</p>","PeriodicalId":18874,"journal":{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Journal","volume":" ","pages":"833-845"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slower retinal thinning over a year predicts continuous NEDA status at follow-up in multiple sclerosis: A longitudinal OCT study.","authors":"Nabil K El Ayoubi, Mark N Bal, Nicole Metri, Sally El Sammak, Marwa Baalbaki, Maria Gharios, Adnan Fatfat, Samia J Khoury","doi":"10.1177/13524585251332499","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13524585251332499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Retinal layer thickness measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) correlates with disability and disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS), yet there is scarce data on the ability of retinal OCT rates of change to predict subsequent continuous disease stability.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To investigate whether the rate of change in retinal OCT measures during the first year of monitoring can predict maintenance of continuous \"No evidence of disease activity\" (c-NEDA) status in MS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a longitudinal study of people with MS (PwMS) from our observational cohort (AMIR) at the American University of Beirut. Cases included had at least three spectral-domain OCT scans at baseline, 12 months, and at the last visit. Mixed effects regression (controlling for age, sex, disease duration, EDSS, gap time from initiation of current DMT to first OCT scan, type of DMT, and history of optic neuritis per eye) was performed to explore the differences between the annualized changes in retinal layer thicknesses (microns/year) during the first year in the c-NEDA group compared to those with evidence of disease activity (EDA) at any point during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 222 eyes of 111 RRMS cases (67 females, 60.4%) were included and followed up clinically for a median (min-max) of 5.24 (3-8.64) years. During the study period, 51 (45.9%) cases maintained c-NEDA, and 60 (54.1%) had EDA. In regression models, EDA cases had greater mean retinal thinning rates during the first year of observation compared to c-NEDA cases with an annualized loss (microns/year) in pRNFL of -1.84 versus 0.03 (<i>p</i> < 0.0001); in macular RNFL -1.86 versus -0.76 (<i>p</i> < 0.0001); in GCIPL -0.13 versus 0.53 (<i>p</i> = 0.008); and in retinal thickness -3.81 versus -1.06 (<i>p</i> < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data support the potential value of retinal OCT in prospectively identifying PwMS likely to maintain c-NEDA status versus EDA during follow-up, guiding proactive treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18874,"journal":{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Journal","volume":" ","pages":"782-792"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143981201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency and potential risk factors associated with the development of asymptomatic T2 hyperintense cervical spine lesions on MRI in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Yasser Fadlallah, Yujie Wang, Muhammad Taimur Malik, Fan Tian, Peter A Calabresi, Izlem Izbudak, Yishang Huang, Kathryn C Fitzgerald, Ellen M Mowry","doi":"10.1177/13524585251331405","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13524585251331405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spinal cord (SC) imaging is less routinely used for monitoring disease activity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), and the frequency of clinically silent breakthrough SC disease remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective was to determine the frequency of asymptomatic T2 hyperintense cervical SC (c-SC) lesions in patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) and identify associated risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included RRMS patients aged 18-65 years followed at the Johns Hopkins MS Center (2014-2019), with up to four brain and c-SC magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans considered per patient. New asymptomatic lesions were identified as hyperintense T2 lesions on MRI during routine surveillance. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression identified factors associated with developing asymptomatic lesions on the first scan, and a generalized estimating equations model assessed factors across successive scans.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 869 patients included, the proportion of asymptomatic lesions identified ranged from 4.8% to 12.1% across scans. Roughly half of those with c-SC lesions also showed new brain lesions. Patients receiving higher-efficacy therapies were more likely to have an asymptomatic lesion detected (odds ratio (OR) = 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.16-1.88, <i>p</i> = 0.001), as were Black/African American individuals (OR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.23-2.18, <i>p</i> = 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest a limited but important role for c-SC imaging, especially for Black/African Americans who may benefit from routine surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18874,"journal":{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Journal","volume":" ","pages":"793-801"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the relationship between brainstem lesions and apnea hypopnea index in patients with multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Elle Levit, Inessa Cohen, Amit Mahajan, Adam Ulano, Erin E Longbrake, Andrew J Solomon","doi":"10.1177/13524585251327875","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13524585251327875","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may be more prevalent in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and previous work suggests possible association with demyelinating brainstem lesions.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives of this study were to assess the relationship between demyelinating brainstem lesions in patients with MS referred for polysomnography (PSG) and the severity of the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 122 people with MS or clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) who underwent PSG due to concern for OSA or hypersomnia at two institutions between 2010 and 2022 were included. AHI was associated with the number of and presence of brainstem demyelinating lesions on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) obtained within 1 year of PSG after controlling for body mass index (BMI), age, sleep study type, study center, and study year.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Having one brainstem lesion was significantly associated with mildly elevated AHI (5 ⩽ AHI < 15; odds ratio (OR) = 2.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.29-5.67) and two or more lesions was associated with higher odds of mildly elevated AHI (OR = 3.27, 95% CI = 1.83-5.85) and moderately/severely elevated AHI (AHI > 15; OR = 3.23, 95% CI = 1.91-5.47). The presence of brainstem demyelinating lesion(s) conferred a higher odds of mildly elevated AHI (OR = 3.00, 95% CI = 1.75-5.16) and moderately/severely elevated AHI (OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.08-2.52).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data suggest that brainstem lesions may be associated with elevated AHI in people with MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":18874,"journal":{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Journal","volume":" ","pages":"802-812"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}