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Opportunistic enteroviral infections in MS patients treated with anti-CD20 therapies. 接受抗cd20治疗的MS患者的机会性肠病毒感染。
IF 5 2区 医学
Multiple Sclerosis Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-20 DOI: 10.1177/13524585241310395
James A Varley, Nicholas Ws Davies
{"title":"Opportunistic enteroviral infections in MS patients treated with anti-CD20 therapies.","authors":"James A Varley, Nicholas Ws Davies","doi":"10.1177/13524585241310395","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13524585241310395","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18874,"journal":{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1262-1263"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143008672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A case of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder complicated with aquaporin-4-antibody-associated organizing pneumonia. 视神经脊髓炎伴水通道蛋白-4抗体相关性组织性肺炎1例。
IF 5 2区 医学
Multiple Sclerosis Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-06 DOI: 10.1177/13524585241310397
Tomoya Shibahara, Kei Yamanaka, Mikiaki Matsuoka, Masaki Tachibana, Junya Kuroda, Hiroshi Nakane
{"title":"A case of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder complicated with aquaporin-4-antibody-associated organizing pneumonia.","authors":"Tomoya Shibahara, Kei Yamanaka, Mikiaki Matsuoka, Masaki Tachibana, Junya Kuroda, Hiroshi Nakane","doi":"10.1177/13524585241310397","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13524585241310397","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An 80-year-old man with aquaporin-4-antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder presented with a 2-week history of cough and hiccups, followed by progressive bilateral lower limb weakness, a bandlike burning sensation in the upper body, and urinary retention. Magnetic resonance imaging showed area postrema and thoracic central medullary lesions. Thorax computed tomography showed bilateral upper lung lobe consolidations. Lung biopsy confirmed organizing pneumonia. Immunohistochemistry of these lesions demonstrated aquaporin-4 loss, immunoglobulin G-binding, and complement deposits, akin to central nervous system lesions found in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Thus, aquaporin-4-antibodies may be involved in extra-central nervous system manifestations of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.</p>","PeriodicalId":18874,"journal":{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1254-1257"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Severe coxsackie virus B5 encephalitis mimics autoimmune limbic encephalitis in a young woman under long-term B-cell depletion with ocrelizumab: A case report. 严重柯萨奇病毒B5脑炎模拟自身免疫性边缘脑炎在长期使用奥克雷单抗b细胞消耗的年轻女性：一个病例报告。
IF 5 2区 医学
Multiple Sclerosis Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1177/13524585251322327
Jakob Stögbauer, Victoria Schegerer, Fabian K Berger, Walter Schulz-Schaeffer, Klaus Fassbender, Jasmin Naumann, Sigrun Smola, Janina Eisenbeis, Moritz Bewarder, Florian Rosar, Michael Kettner, Thomas Gilcher, Sabine Diedrich, Mathias Fousse
{"title":"Severe coxsackie virus B5 encephalitis mimics autoimmune limbic encephalitis in a young woman under long-term B-cell depletion with ocrelizumab: A case report.","authors":"Jakob Stögbauer, Victoria Schegerer, Fabian K Berger, Walter Schulz-Schaeffer, Klaus Fassbender, Jasmin Naumann, Sigrun Smola, Janina Eisenbeis, Moritz Bewarder, Florian Rosar, Michael Kettner, Thomas Gilcher, Sabine Diedrich, Mathias Fousse","doi":"10.1177/13524585251322327","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13524585251322327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>B-cell-depleting therapies are increasingly being used to treat autoimmune diseases. Although thousands of patients are and have been treated with these agents, the data are not yet strong enough to identify rare side effects with certainty.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We report the case of a patient undergoing ocrelizumab therapy for relapsing multiple sclerosis who developed a severe limbic syndrome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Autoimmune pathogenesis was initially suspected, with worsening on immunosuppressive therapy. Later, after diagnosis of an enterovirus infection, treatment with ribavirin and favipiravir in combination with intravenous immunoglobulins was initiated. After 4 weeks of therapy, the patient's clinical condition had stabilized with residual cognitive deficits.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Diagnosis and treatment of enterovirus infections remain challenging, especially in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18874,"journal":{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1258-1261"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143516218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neurofilament light biomarkers in MS: Effects of extended natalizumab dosing. 多发性硬化症的神经丝光生物标志物：延长纳他珠单抗用药时间的影响。
IF 5 2区 医学
Multiple Sclerosis Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-11 DOI: 10.1177/13524585251315342
Gloria Dalla Costa, Aiden Haghikia, Ralf Gold, Roberto Furlan, Giancarlo Comi
{"title":"Neurofilament light biomarkers in MS: Effects of extended natalizumab dosing.","authors":"Gloria Dalla Costa, Aiden Haghikia, Ralf Gold, Roberto Furlan, Giancarlo Comi","doi":"10.1177/13524585251315342","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13524585251315342","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18874,"journal":{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1264-1265"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Copy number variation at the complement C4 locus is associated with risk for multiple sclerosis. 补体C4位点的拷贝数变异与多发性硬化症的风险相关。
IF 5 2区 医学
Multiple Sclerosis Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1177/13524585251324850
Jacqueline Williams, Wesley M Marin, Kristen J Wade, Rayo Suseno, Kerry Kizer, Stacy Caillier, Danillo G Augusto, Paul J Norman, Jill A Hollenbach
{"title":"Copy number variation at the complement C4 locus is associated with risk for multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Jacqueline Williams, Wesley M Marin, Kristen J Wade, Rayo Suseno, Kerry Kizer, Stacy Caillier, Danillo G Augusto, Paul J Norman, Jill A Hollenbach","doi":"10.1177/13524585251324850","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13524585251324850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The complement system has been suspected to play a role in multiple sclerosis (MS) due to presence of complement activation products in MS lesions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We sought to understand whether variation in the complement component 4 (C4) gene is associated with MS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here we used next-generation sequencing and our novel bioinformatics tool, <i>C4Investigator</i>, to interrogate C4 copy number variation in MS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found higher overall copy number of C4 in controls (<i>p</i> < 10<sup>-16</sup>, odds ratio (OR) = 0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.37-0.49) compared to MS patients with European ancestry.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This finding suggests that lower C4 copies confer risk for MS, similar to associations seen in other autoimmune disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":18874,"journal":{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1243-1246"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12353292/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143634150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A breathtaking case of NMOSD: About pulmonary involvement in patients with AQP4-antibodies. 一个令人震惊的NMOSD病例：关于aqp4抗体患者肺部累及。
IF 5 2区 医学
Multiple Sclerosis Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1177/13524585251320923
Romain Marignier
{"title":"A breathtaking case of NMOSD: About pulmonary involvement in patients with AQP4-antibodies.","authors":"Romain Marignier","doi":"10.1177/13524585251320923","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13524585251320923","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18874,"journal":{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1257-1258"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143625330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Practical issues concerning the use of optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis in Latin America: Discussion from 19 centres on behalf of the Foro Latam EM study group. 关于在拉丁美洲多发性硬化症中使用光学相干断层扫描的实际问题：代表Foro Latam EM研究小组来自19个中心的讨论。
IF 5 2区 医学
Multiple Sclerosis Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1177/13524585251329159
Ethel Ciampi, Lorena García, Claudia Carcamo, Bernardita Soler, Jefferson Becker, Adriana Carra, Edgar Correa-Díaz, Fernando Cortés, Juan Garcia Bonitto, Carolina Guerra, Miguel Angel Macias, Alejandra Martinez, Nelson Novarro, Linda Rivera-Sarabia, Valeria Rocha, Virginia Rodriguez, Douglas Sato, Judith Steinberg, Irene Treviño Frenk, Guido Vasquez, Luis Peña
{"title":"Practical issues concerning the use of optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis in Latin America: Discussion from 19 centres on behalf of the Foro Latam EM study group.","authors":"Ethel Ciampi, Lorena García, Claudia Carcamo, Bernardita Soler, Jefferson Becker, Adriana Carra, Edgar Correa-Díaz, Fernando Cortés, Juan Garcia Bonitto, Carolina Guerra, Miguel Angel Macias, Alejandra Martinez, Nelson Novarro, Linda Rivera-Sarabia, Valeria Rocha, Virginia Rodriguez, Douglas Sato, Judith Steinberg, Irene Treviño Frenk, Guido Vasquez, Luis Peña","doi":"10.1177/13524585251329159","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13524585251329159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The 2024 McDonald Criteria now include the optic nerve as the fifth topography for dissemination in space. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a valuable biomarker for the diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of multiple sclerosis (MS). A panel of MS neurologists from 19 centres across 9 Latin American (LATAM) countries discussed OCT use, access, standardized protocols and research potential. They found inequities in OCT access between private (80%) and public healthcare (44%). Only 9 centres had standardized protocols, 50% of which followed the OSCAR-IB consensus criteria for retinal OCT quality assessment and 53% had a neuro-ophthalmologist. The panel concluded that OCT should be available in all MS centres and that standardized acquisition and reporting, as well as improved knowledge of OCT use, in clinical practice are necessary. OCT has significant research potential in LATAM that requires further development and implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18874,"journal":{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1141-1146"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pediatric Onset Multiple Sclerosis (POMS): Exploring phenotypic characterization and pubertal influences in modulating the disease activity from the Danish MS Registry (DMSR). 儿童发病多发性硬化症（POMS）：从丹麦多发性硬化症登记处（DMSR）探索表型特征和青春期对调节疾病活动的影响。
IF 5 2区 医学
Multiple Sclerosis Journal Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1177/13524585251335476
Silvy Pilotto, Luigi Pontieri, Helle Hvilsted Nielsen, Peter Vestergaard Rasmussen, Kristina Bacher Svendsen, Rikke Marie Jensen, Morten Blinkenberg, Anja Thormann, Eleonora Cocco, Maura Pugliatti, Melinda Magyari
{"title":"Pediatric Onset Multiple Sclerosis (POMS): Exploring phenotypic characterization and pubertal influences in modulating the disease activity from the Danish MS Registry (DMSR).","authors":"Silvy Pilotto, Luigi Pontieri, Helle Hvilsted Nielsen, Peter Vestergaard Rasmussen, Kristina Bacher Svendsen, Rikke Marie Jensen, Morten Blinkenberg, Anja Thormann, Eleonora Cocco, Maura Pugliatti, Melinda Magyari","doi":"10.1177/13524585251335476","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13524585251335476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) constitutes ~5% of multiple sclerosis (MS) cases and presents distinct clinical and diagnostic challenges. Puberty, characterized by significant hormonal changes, may influence disease presentation, relapse rates, and long-term outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the impact of pubertal stages on clinical characteristics, relapse activity and disability progression in POMS using data from the Danish MS Registry (DMSR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nationwide cohort of 185 POMS patients were included and categorized by pre- (<11 years), peri- (11-14 years), and post-pubertal (>14 years) onset. Demographics, presenting symptoms, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings, relapse rates, and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores were compared. Patients transitioning across the three pubertal stages (<i>n</i> = 54) were analyzed longitudinally for relapse rate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pre-pubertal onset was associated with severe symptoms (cerebellar involvement, <i>p</i> = 0.042), greater lesion burden, higher 10-year disability (EDSS median = 3.75, <i>p</i> = 0.039), and lower relapse rates (annualized relapse rate (ARR) = 0.200). Male sex reduced relapse rates (<i>p</i> = 0.013). Female-to-male ratio increased from 1:1 pre-puberty to ~2:1 after puberty. Patients with pre-pubertal onset transitioning to peri- or post-puberty showed increasing relapse rates, peaking during peri-puberty (ARR = 0.302).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Puberty significantly modulates disease course in POMS, emphasizing the need for early, sex-specific interventions, proactive monitoring, and further exploration of hormonal influences on disease progression and treatment response.</p>","PeriodicalId":18874,"journal":{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1061-1069"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144028539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pregnancy outcomes in adolescent and young adult patients with multiple sclerosis: A case series. 青少年和年轻成人多发性硬化症患者的妊娠结局：一个病例系列。
IF 5 2区 医学
Multiple Sclerosis Journal Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-12-07 DOI: 10.1177/13524585241303490
Gina Chang, Sarah Stoney, Sona Narula
{"title":"Pregnancy outcomes in adolescent and young adult patients with multiple sclerosis: A case series.","authors":"Gina Chang, Sarah Stoney, Sona Narula","doi":"10.1177/13524585241303490","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13524585241303490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While there is increasing understanding of the effect of pregnancy on the clinical course of multiple sclerosis (MS), there are limited studies focused on younger populations.</p><p><strong>Cases: </strong>We report neurologic and obstetric outcomes for 14 pregnancies from 11 adolescent and young adult female patients with pediatric-onset MS who delivered live births prior to age 26, and describe their relevant social determinants of health.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Neurologic and obstetric outcomes in this cohort were generally good. Many of the pregnancies in our cohort appeared unplanned, underscoring the importance of discussing family planning with all MS patients of childbearing potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":18874,"journal":{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1134-1137"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Outcomes of immunosuppressive therapy discontinuation in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease. 髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白抗体相关疾病患者停止免疫抑制治疗的结果
IF 5 2区 医学
Multiple Sclerosis Journal Pub Date : 2025-08-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1177/13524585251320046
You-Ri Kang, Hyunjin Ju, Ki Hoon Kim, Seung Ho Choo, Woohee Ju, Sung-Min Kim, Sooyoung Kim, Eunhee Sohn, Tai-Seung Nam, Sun-Young Oh, Byeol-A Yoon, Jong Kuk Kim, Hyunjin Kim, Eun-Jae Lee, Young-Min Lim, Young Nam Kwon, Seung Woo Kim, Ha Young Shin, Jee-Eun Kim, In Soo Joo, Minsu Park, Hyung-Soo Lee, Byung-Jo Kim, Jin-Woo Park, Suk Yoon Lee, Woojun Kim, Jae-Won Hyun, Su-Hyun Kim, Ju-Hong Min, Ho Jin Kim
{"title":"Outcomes of immunosuppressive therapy discontinuation in patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease.","authors":"You-Ri Kang, Hyunjin Ju, Ki Hoon Kim, Seung Ho Choo, Woohee Ju, Sung-Min Kim, Sooyoung Kim, Eunhee Sohn, Tai-Seung Nam, Sun-Young Oh, Byeol-A Yoon, Jong Kuk Kim, Hyunjin Kim, Eun-Jae Lee, Young-Min Lim, Young Nam Kwon, Seung Woo Kim, Ha Young Shin, Jee-Eun Kim, In Soo Joo, Minsu Park, Hyung-Soo Lee, Byung-Jo Kim, Jin-Woo Park, Suk Yoon Lee, Woojun Kim, Jae-Won Hyun, Su-Hyun Kim, Ju-Hong Min, Ho Jin Kim","doi":"10.1177/13524585251320046","DOIUrl":"10.1177/13524585251320046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research on the optimal duration of immunosuppressive therapy (IST) and the outcome upon its discontinuation in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) remains limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the outcomes following IST discontinuation in MOGAD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This multicenter retrospective study collected data from 333 MOGAD patients in Korea. Among 273 patients who received IST, 41 who discontinued IST were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age at disease onset was 38.3 years (interquartile range (IQR), 27.6-53.1). Before IST withdrawal, 21 (51%) patients exhibited relapsing courses. Over a median follow-up of 23.5 months (IQR, 12.1-39.5) after discontinuation, 10 patients (24.4%) relapsed after a median of 8.2 months (IQR, 6.3-11.5). All relapses occurred in patients with a prior relapsing course (10/21, 47.6%); none with prior monophasic courses relapsed. Among 21 prior relapsing patients, relapse after discontinuation group had a shorter IST duration than non-relapse group (median, 9.4 vs 50.9 months, <i>p</i> = 0.036). None of the 41 patients had severe disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score ⩾ 4.0 or Visual Functional System score ⩾ 5) at the last visit.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IST discontinuation did not necessarily lead to relapse and could be considered with an individualized approach based on factors such as disease course and IST duration.</p>","PeriodicalId":18874,"journal":{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Journal","volume":" ","pages":"1102-1109"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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