Molecular Biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Industrial Bioreactor Technologies for Modern Biomanufacturing: Recent Applications in Microbial, Mammalian, and Plant-Based Systems.","authors":"Rumeysa Berra Karataş, Furkan Ayaz, Esra Aydemir","doi":"10.1007/s12033-026-01597-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-026-01597-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioreactors are known for their ability to provide a controlled environment for the cultivation of various biological systems. While microbial systems are primarily known for their speed and cost advantages in industrial enzyme and simple protein production, mammalian cell systems continue to be the platform for clinical therapies due to their complex glycosylation requirements and viral vector production. Moreover, plant cell-based systems offer a new production paradigm focused on biosafety and sustainability. The main challenge with traditional bioreactors is the shear stress that occurs when trying to deliver equal oxygen and nutrients to every cell in large-scale production, damaging the delicate cells. Another challenge is the uncontrolled microenvironments that lead to deviations in product quality. As in other fields, with the changing application and engineering approaches, the diversification and development of bioreactor systems continues unabated. Looking to the future, it is predicted that the transformation in bioreactor technologies, driven by digitalization, artificial intelligence, and customized bioreactor mechanisms, will close the gaps in traditional approaches. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of bioreactor technologies with a particular focus on their biological diversity, engineering design, and functional principles by systematically examining microbial, mammalian, and plant bioreactor systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148448222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of Recombinant DNA Technology in Medicine: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Krishan Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s12033-026-01595-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-026-01595-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology has revolutionised modern medicine by providing precise genetic manipulation for therapeutic, diagnostic, and preventive uses. By integrating genetic material from multiple sources, rDNA permits the creation of physiologically active compounds and the development of new medical therapies. This study summarises the basics of rDNA technology, including DNA separation, gene cloning, vector design, transformation, and expression systems, emphasising their foundational importance in biotechnology. Recombinant procedures make it possible to produce insulin, growth hormones, interferons, monoclonal antibodies, and enzymes on a large scale with better purity, safety, and scalability in the biopharmaceutical industry. Subunit, DNA, and viral-vector vaccines are examples of recombinant vaccines that have been effectively used to prevent infectious diseases such COVID-19, HPV, and hepatitis B. Gene therapy techniques using viral and non-viral vectors, together with CRISPR-based genome editing, provide targeted repair of genetic diseases. Additionally, recombinant systems promote pharmacogenomics and personalised medicine by improving molecular diagnostics such as PCR, qPCR, DNA probes, and enzyme-based tests. Furthermore, platforms for translational research and disease modelling are provided by genetically modified animal and cell models. The paper further examines ethical, safety, and regulatory considerations, as well as upcoming technologies such as CRISPR 2.0, synthetic biology, mRNA therapies, and designer vaccinations. Together, rDNA technology is still revolutionising healthcare by providing novel approaches to illness diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing miRNA Loading into Platelet Exosomes via Electroporation: A Comparative Analysis of Buffer Systems and Voltage Parameters for Enhanced Targeted Drug Delivery.","authors":"Yuhan Wang, Yali Wang, Qiong Yuan, Zhi Cai, Ling Jiang, Fujiang Xu, Shan Hu","doi":"10.1007/s12033-026-01590-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-026-01590-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exosomes, which transport miRNAs in vivo, hold significant therapeutic potential for treating diseases. Current methods for loading miRNAs into exosomes include sonication, co-incubation, kit-based transfection, and electroporation, with electroporation being the most efficient and widely used approach. However, standardized protocols for electroporation conditions remain lacking, necessitating the optimization of electroporation parameters to enhance the utility of extracellular vesicles as drug delivery vehicles in vivo. Platelets were isolated from healthy volunteer blood donors, and platelet-derived exosomes were extracted. The exosomes were labeled with specific dyes and loaded with miRNA using Bio-Rad Gene Pulser Electroporation buffer or 50 mM trehalose. Electroporation was performed at 150 V, 350 V, and 500 V. The miRNA-loaded exosomes were then co-incubated with cells. The efficiency of miRNA delivery was evaluated through fluorescence co-localization, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and qPCR. Our findings demonstrate that the Bio-Rad Gene Pulser Electroporation buffer is highly effective as an electroporation medium for exosomes. Optimal miRNA transfection efficiency and cellular uptake were achieved at 350 V, with significantly higher exosome internalization observed under these conditions. Utilizing the Bio-Rad Gene Pulser Electroporation buffer at 350 V enhances both miRNA loading efficiency into extracellular vesicles and subsequent cellular uptake. This study establishes an optimized electroporation protocol, addressing limitations in existing methodologies and advancing the potential of extracellular vesicles as a robust platform for miRNA-based therapeutic delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148387834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of Goat Milk Protein Synthesis: Genetic Architecture, Signalling Pathways, and Omics Insights.","authors":"Shreya Malhotra, Sonika Ahlawat, Ram Parsad, Meena Bagiyal, Reena Arora, Rekha Sharma, Raja Kn, N H Mohan","doi":"10.1007/s12033-026-01593-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12033-026-01593-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Milk protein synthesis in goats is governed by multilevel regulatory mechanisms coordinating genetic, hormonal, nutritional, and cellular signals. Despite growing interest in goat milk proteins due to their distinctive nutritional properties, digestibility, and reduced allergenicity, their regulatory basis remains less characterised than other dairy species. This review integrates current knowledge on goat milk protein composition, genetic polymorphism, and molecular regulation, summarising structural and functional characteristics of caseins, whey proteins, and minor bioactive proteins. It examines how polymorphisms and haplotypes contribute to breed-specific variation in milk yield, composition, and physicochemical properties, highlighting JAK-STAT and mTOR signalling pathways' central roles in integrating hormonal and nutritional signals that control transcription and translation. Evidence from GWAS, QTL analyses, transcriptomics, proteomics, and epigenetic studies outline the genomic architecture and stage-specific regulation of milk protein synthesis, while highlighting knowledge gaps and research opportunities. By integrating genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and epigenetic evidence, this review highlights candidate regulatory variants and molecular pathways underlying milk protein synthesis, providing a framework for functional validation, precision breeding, and the development of high-value goat dairy products.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148387810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of ADP Glucose Pyrophosphorylase Subunit Interaction in Wheat by Binding Free Energy Calculations.","authors":"Bharati Pandey, Rajender Singh","doi":"10.1007/s12033-025-01545-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12033-025-01545-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase; E.C. 2.7.7.27) is the rate-limiting enzyme catalyzing the first committed step of starch biosynthesis in higher plants. The enzyme functions as a heterotetramer comprising two large (LS) and two small (SS) subunits that share 47.02% sequence identity in wheat. To elucidate the structural mechanism underlying heterotetramer assembly, we generated six possible dimeric conformations based on two-fold symmetry, three side-by-side (D1, D2, D3), and three upside-down (D4, D5, D6) orientations and evaluated their stability through all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations combined with MM-GBSA and MM-PBSA free energy analyses. Among all configurations, the D2 heterodimer emerged as the most stable, exhibiting the lowest binding free energy (-15.2 kcal·mol⁻¹), largest interface area (1757.2 Ų), and strongest predicted affinity (Kd = 2.1 × 10⁻¹¹ M). Interaction energy analysis revealed that D2 stability is primarily governed by an extensive network of 25 hydrogen bonds and seven salt bridges at the LS-SS interface. Together, these results provide the first comprehensive molecular insight into the assembly and stabilization of wheat AGPase, a central determinant of starch biosynthetic efficiency. These results provide the first deep-learning-based molecular model of wheat AGPase, offering detailed structural insight into its subunit assembly and stability mechanisms. By identifying key interfacial residues that govern complex formation, this study establishes a foundation for rational protein engineering aimed at enhancing AGPase thermostability and catalytic efficiency, traits directly linked to improved starch accumulation and grain yield in cereal crops.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"3109-3123"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145846832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Berberine Impedes Acute Pancreatitis Development by Suppressing VNN1 Expression and the NF-κB Signaling Pathway.","authors":"Jie Yang, Jianjiang Huang, Fang Zhang, Yuyu Wang, Bin Qiu","doi":"10.1007/s12033-025-01546-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12033-025-01546-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global incidence of acute pancreatitis (AP) is progressively increasing with rising risk factors such as hyperlipidemia and alcoholism. Berberine (BBR), a quaternary ammonium alkaloid and primary antibacterial agent isolated from the traditional Chinese herb, Coptis chinensis, was investigated for its therapeutic mechanisms in AP. Cell viability was first assessed using the MTT assay at various BBR concentrations, with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels measured in parallel. Then, ELISA quantified inflammatory mediators (caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α, and IL-6), while western blot analyzed pyroptosis markers (NLRP3 and N-GSDMD). ROS and Fe²⁺ levels were detected using commercial kits. Moreover, molecular docking was performed to determine the interaction between BBR and Vanin 1 (VNN1). In vivo experiments were further conducted to assess BBR's role in AP. MTT assays confirmed BBR's non-cytotoxicity at therapeutic concentrations. BBR attenuated caerulein-induced cellular damage and pyroptosis in HPDE6-C7 cells. Molecular docking revealed strong BBR-VNN1 binding affinity (less than -6 kcal/mol). Moreover, VNN1 knockdown attenuated caerulein-induced HPDE6-C7 cell injury and pyroptosis; BBR achieved this effect by inhibiting VNN1 protein expression. BBR suppressed VNN1 expression and NF-κB pathway activation (p-p65/p65 ratio). In vivo validation confirmed BBR-mediated AP suppression via VNN1 inhibition. BBR mitigates AP by inhibiting VNN1 expression, thereby suppressing NF-κB pathway activation and attenuating caerulein-induced cellular damage and pyroptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"3124-3135"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145945215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recombinant Production and Immunological Evaluation of Tobamovirus fructirugosum (ToBRFV) Capsid and Movement Proteins.","authors":"Leandro Alberto Núñez-Muñoz, Berenice Calderón-Pérez, Roberto Ruiz-Medrano, Beatriz Xoconostle-Cázares, Rodolfo de la Torre-Almaraz","doi":"10.1007/s12033-026-01556-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12033-026-01556-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (Tobamovirus fructirugosum, ToBRFV) is an emerging tobamovirus threatening tomato and pepper production worldwide. Accurate and scalable detection methods are essential to limit its agricultural impact. In this study, we report the recombinant production and characterization of ToBRFV capsid (CP^ToBRFV) and movement (MP^ToBRFV) proteins as candidate antigens for serological detection. Both coding sequences were amplified from infected tomato tissue and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). CP^ToBRFV exhibited partial solubility under low-temperature induction, allowing purification under native conditions, whereas MP^ToBRFV accumulated in inclusion bodies and was purified under denaturing conditions. Purified proteins were validated by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. In silico analyses indicated the presence of multiple B- and T-cell epitopes in both proteins. Immunization of mice with purified proteins elicited IgG responses. Interestingly, MP^ToBRFV induced a higher humoral response, but antisera raised against CP^ToBRFV showed superior ELISA reactivity with crude extracts from ToBRFV-infected plants. Together, these results support CP^ToBRFV as a robust antigen for serological detection and provide a reproducible framework for the development of recombinant protein-based diagnostics for ToBRFV.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"3206-3218"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13279672/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146142686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface-Functionalization of PP7 Virus-Like Particles with Spytag for Bioconjugation Applications.","authors":"Milad Kheirvari, Ebenezer Tumban","doi":"10.1007/s12033-026-01554-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12033-026-01554-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Virus-like particles (VLPs) are protein-based nanoscale assemblies derived from structural proteins of viruses. They are non-infectious scaffolds and are highly immunogenic; thus, they widely used as scaffolds to display and enhance the immunogenicity of less immunogenic foreign antigens. Different approaches, including genetic insertions, can be used to display foreign antigens on VLPs; however, some of these approaches have limitations, i.e., inability of viral coat proteins to tolerate a foreign insertion. In this study, we assessed the tolerability of bacteriophage Qβ and PP7 coat proteins to insertions of Spytag003 or Spytag peptides; we assessed whether the insertions of these peptides to the coat proteins will affect the ability of the recombinant coat proteins to assemble into VLPs; chimeric VLPs displaying these peptides can be used to conjugate antigens for vaccine studies. While the insertion of Spytag003 peptide at either the N or C termini of the coat protein of Qβ and at the C terminus of the coat protein of PP7 did not affect the expression of the recombinant proteins, the expressed proteins were not soluble. In contrast, insertion of the shorter Spytag at either the N terminus or AB-loop of PP7 gave rise to soluble proteins that assembled into VLPs. PP7-Spytag VLPs were successfully conjugated with SpyCatcher003 and a fungal antigen. Immunization studies revealed that Spycatcher003 protein conjugated on PP7-SpyTag VLPs elicited significantly higher anti-Spycatcher003 antibody titers compared to unconjugated Spycatcher003 (p = 0.0286). Together, these findings establish proof of concept that PP7-Spytag VLPs should be explored as a platform to conjugate foreign proteins.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"3192-3205"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13279675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146065152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activity Enhancement of a Truncated Lipase-Phospholipase from the Marine Thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium Sp. MG91.","authors":"Noer Syahbani, Rika Indri Astuti, Antonius Suwanto","doi":"10.1007/s12033-025-01547-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12033-025-01547-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipase/phospholipase (Lip/Plip) from thraustochytrids is a bifunctional enzyme capable of hydrolyzing both triglycerides and phospholipids and is characterized by an unusual 150-residue N-terminal domain whose function remains unclear. To elucidate the role of this region, we engineered an N-terminally truncated enzyme (S-270) and compared it with the full-length enzyme (L-420) from Aurantiochytrium sp. MG91 heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. The present research is limited and directed toward comparing enzyme activities (specific activity, substrate selectivity, and growth-related evaluation) and bioinformatics evidence to offer an extensive overview of the biological effects that occur. The 18S rRNA sequence analysis revealed that MG91 isolate is closely related to Aurantiochytrium limacinum and A. mangrovei. Both constructs were successfully expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3), yielding proteins of ~ 45 kDa (L-420) and ~ 30 kDa (S-270). Although the substrate specificity remained constant favoring pNP-C12 and sunflower-derived phosphatidylcholine, the S-270 demonstrated a marked enhancement in specific activity, showing a 4-6-fold rise in lipase and a 1.4-fold increase in phospholipase. Consistent with the growth assessments, the S-270 appeared to alleviate the harmful effects Lip/Plip observed in L-420, as evidenced by its normal colony morphology and higher growth relative to the L-420 under IPTG-induced overexpression in E. coli. Nevertheless, the 3D Structural modeling revealed no major conformational differences between L-420 and S-270 apart from the N-terminal membrane-associated region present only in the full-length enzyme. The G-Y-S-R-G lipase motif, containing the catalytic residues Ser311, Asp368, and His382, was annotated and phylogenetic analysis positioned Lip/Plip MG91 within a miscellaneous cluster that encompasses both Y-type and GX-type lipases. Our findings demonstrate that the L-420 exhibits notably higher toxicity in E. coli expression system, as indicated by its diminished expression, decreased specific activity, suppressed cellular growth, and the appearance of smaller colonies compared with S-270. This is the first report showing that removing the N-terminal domain of thraustochytrid Lip/Plip increases its specific activity, highlighting its biotechnological potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"3136-3157"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145846701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Genetic and Biotechnological Approaches to Enhance High-CBD Cannabis sativa L. Cultivation for Medicinal Purposes.","authors":"Aran Sokuma, Tawan Chatsungnoen, Chanthana Susawaengsup, Krittiya Tongkoom, Prakash Bhuyar","doi":"10.1007/s12033-026-01559-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12033-026-01559-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing demand for cannabidiol (CBD) and the relaxation of legal restrictions have driven the rapid expansion of cannabis research, cultivation, and commercialization. This review synthesizes current knowledge on optimizing high-CBD cannabis cultivation, focusing on genetic, environmental, and technological determinants of yield, cannabinoid biosynthesis, and compliance with regulatory frameworks. Key aspects include genetic stabilization, molecular breeding, and CRISPR-based gene editing to ensure consistency in cannabinoid profiles; precision agronomy practices such as fertigation, irrigation, and controlled-environment agriculture; and the role of abiotic stresses, light spectrum, temperature, and photoperiod in modulating plant growth and secondary metabolism. Furthermore, the paper evaluates regulatory landscapes across regions, strain-specific performance, and the integration of artificial intelligence in trait selection and production monitoring. By linking molecular genetics with cultivation systems and global trade patterns, this review highlights pathways to enhance yield stability, product quality, and medicinal efficacy of high-CBD cannabis. The study highlights the pressing need for scientifically informed cultivation practices, harmonized regulatory standards, and interdisciplinary innovation to promote cannabis as a sustainable agricultural and medicinal resource.</p>","PeriodicalId":18865,"journal":{"name":"Molecular Biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":"2989-3031"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147307792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}