Nanoscale Advances最新文献

{"title":"Metasurface-enabled small-satellite polarisation imaging.","authors":"Sarah E Dean, Josephine Munro, Neuton Li, Robert Sharp, Dragomir N Neshev, Andrey A Sukhorukov","doi":"10.1039/d5na00298b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5na00298b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polarisation imaging is used to distinguish objects and surface characteristics that are otherwise not visible with black-and-white or colour imaging. Full-Stokes polarisation imaging allows complex image processing like water glint filtering, which is particularly useful for remote Earth observations. The relatively low cost of small-satellites makes their use in remote sensing more accessible. However, their size and weight limitations cannot accommodate the bulky conventional optics needed for full-Stokes polarisation imaging. We present the modelling of an ultra-thin topology-optimised diffractive metasurface that encodes polarisation states in five different diffraction orders. Positioning the metasurface in a telescope's pupil plane allows the diffraction orders to be imaged onto a single detector, resulting in the capability to perform single-shot full-Stokes polarisation imaging of the Earth's surface. The five rectangular image swaths are designed to use the full width of the camera, and then each successive frame can be stitched together as the satellite moves over the Earth's surface, restoring the full field of view achievable with any chosen camera without comprising the on-ground resolution. Each set of four out of the five orders enables the reconstruction of the full polarisation state, and their simultaneous reconstructions allow for error monitoring. The lightweight design and compact footprint of the polarisation imaging optical system achievable with a metasurface is a novel approach to increase the functionality of small satellites while working within their weight and volume constraints.</p>","PeriodicalId":18806,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning the phase separation of cellulose nanocrystals with hydrolysis times: influence of effective dimensions.","authors":"Shiyao Hong, Ashley Bean, Yuan Fang, Nathalie Lavoine, Lucian Lucia","doi":"10.1039/d5na00069f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5na00069f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study attempts to quantify a relatively unexplored and very important subject: cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) bundles and their effective dimensions on phase separation and subsequent chiral resolution in CNC suspensions. Currently, there is little data discussing how effective bundle dimensions affect the onset of chiral nematic phase formation despite the fact that theory and experimental data indicate they are important factors. The effect of the extent of hydrolysis on the phase behavior of CNC suspensions was analyzed by correlating it with the critical weight concentration (<i>w</i> ₀), which is the CNC weight corresponding to the onset of the chiral nematic phase. From Onsager theory and its extension, <i>w</i> ₀ is primarily a function of CNC size while surface charge exerts a non-negligible effect. CNCs were produced from never-dried bleached softwood pulp under varying acid hydrolysis times to systematically alter sizes and surface charges. Concentration-dependent phase diagrams were mapped to ascertain the <i>w</i> ₀ of the produced suspensions. The data revealed a clear decrease in <i>w</i> ₀ when the hydrolysis time increased from 25 to 90 minutes, despite similar individual CNC size and increasing surface charges. This latter discovery following shape and size distribution indicated an increased area-equivalent (AE) diameter from extended hydrolysis, suggesting particle aggregation/bundling. This result was corroborated by elevated particle surface charges from enhanced lateral adherence between CNCs. In contrast to our findings that higher surface charge reduces the effective diameter, the observed decrease in <i>w</i> ₀ suggests that an earlier onset of the anisotropic phase is driven by CNC bundles, which were more prevalent in samples with elevated surface charge. These observations indicate that CNC bundles play a significant role in promoting the anisotropic phase, counteracting the effect of surface charge on <i>w</i> ₀. This work therefore provides invaluable insights into the complex interplay of CNC surface charge, shape, and size by shedding light on the importance of hydrolysis time on particle aggregation and phase behavior in CNC suspensions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18806,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12035750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel fullerene-lysine derivative with noticeable ROS scavenging capabilities for improving type 2 diabetes mellitus.","authors":"Jiaqi Weng, Wei Guo, Jie Liu, Kollie Larwubah, Jianjun Guo, Yanrong Jia, Meilan Yu","doi":"10.1039/d4na01081g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4na01081g","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As some of the most promising candidates available, fullerene-derived bioactive agents have been explored as new drugs with high efficacy and safety for biomedical applications. In this study, a fullerene-lysine derivative (C₆₀-Lys) was synthesized successfully and proved to be good at treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). C₆₀-Lys could alleviate oxidative stress both in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced MIN6 cells and in STZ-induced T2DM mice subjected to a high-fat diet, and it significantly normalized glucose uptake and reduced blood glucose. In addition, C₆₀-Lys can alleviate insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and lipid levels in T2DM mice. It was further confirmed that C₆₀-Lys could alleviate oxidative stress by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and stabilizing the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) of pancreatic β-cells to reduce the overproduction of ROS. The results provide compelling evidence that C₆₀-Lys possesses promising applications for T2DM treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":18806,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12035643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of emerging trends in nanomaterial-driven AI for biomedical applications.","authors":"Subhendu Chakroborty, Nibedita Nath, Sameeta Sahoo, Bhanu Pratap Singh, Trishna Bal, Karunesh Tiwari, Yosief Kasshun Hailu, Sunita Singh, Pravin Kumar, Chandra Chakraborty","doi":"10.1039/d5na00032g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5na00032g","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The field of artificial intelligence (AI) is expanding quickly. To mimic the structure and biological evolution of the human brain, AI was developed to enable computers to acquire knowledge and manipulate their surroundings. There have been notable developments in the use of AI in healthcare; it can enhance diagnosis and treatment in various medical specialties. The cost of prompt diagnosis and treatment is hampered by the absence of efficient, dependable, and reasonably priced detection and real-time monitoring. Smart health tracking systems integrating AI and nanoscience are an emerging frontier that solves these obstacles. Targeted delivery of drug systems, biosensing, imaging, and other diagnostic and therapeutic fields can widely benefit abundantly from nanoscience in healthcare. AI technology has the potential to expand biomedical applications by analyzing and interpreting biological data, speeding up drug discovery, and identifying novel molecules with predictive behavior. This review outlines the current obstacles and potential opportunities for delivering personal healthcare using AI-assisted clinical decision support systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18806,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12071765/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing the cavity architecture in double gate junctionless field effect transistors for enhanced biomolecule detection.","authors":"Shahriar Khan, Ehsanur Rahman","doi":"10.1039/d4na00928b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4na00928b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study has investigated double-gate junctionless field effect transistor (DG-JLFET) designs with different cavity configurations and assessed their impact on biosensing performance. Through simulations and analysis of the electrical properties, this study has identified structures that significantly enhance biosensing performance compared to traditional DG-JLFETs. Different cavity architectures have been simulated and evaluated using key biosensing metrics, including the threshold voltage, change in threshold voltage, percentage change in threshold voltage, change in the minimum point of surface potential, <i>I</i> _on-off ratio, and sensitivity. Analysis of all the structures has revealed that no single structure has outperformed others across all the metrics when the dielectric constant is varied over a wide range. Notably, structure D, featuring drain side cavities, has shown the highest <i>I</i> _on-off ratio, with values of 3.03 × 10⁷-3.73 × 10⁷ for keratin. In contrast, structure E, with an asymmetrical cavity arrangement featuring an upper cavity on the left and a lower cavity on the right, has exhibited the highest sensitivity, achieving 98.63%-99.25% for the same biomolecule. When considering sensitivity as the key biosensing metric, structures E, F (alternating cavities on the vertical axis), and G (a central upper cavity and bilateral lower cavities) have shown better performance than all the other configurations. This study has further investigated the effect of varying the dielectric constant and channel occupancy of biomolecules on biosensing performance. For the above parametric variations, structure E has shown the highest change in the threshold voltage, while structure G has achieved the highest percentage change in the threshold voltage. These results contribute to the systematic design of DG-JLFET-based biosensors, providing a framework for optimizing cavity architectures to enhance biomolecule detection sensitivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18806,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12070517/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent progress in the synthesis of nanostructured Ti₃C₂T _<i>x</i> MXene for energy storage and wastewater treatment: a review.","authors":"Qui Thanh Hoai Ta, Jianbin Mao, Ngo Thi Chau, Ngoc Hoi Nguyen, Dieu Linh Tran, Thi My Huyen Nguyen, Manh Hoang Tran, Hoang Van Quy, Soonmin Seo, Dai Hai Nguyen","doi":"10.1039/d5na00021a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5na00021a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MXene-based functional 2D materials hold significant potential for addressing global challenges related to energy and water crises. Since their discovery in 2011, Ti₃C₂T _<i>x</i> MXenes have demonstrated promising applications due to their unique physicochemical properties and distinctive morphology. Recent advancements have explored innovative strategies to enhance Ti₃C₂T _<i>x</i> into multifunctional materials, enabling applications in gas sensing, electromagnetic interference shielding, supercapacitors, batteries, water purification, and membrane technologies. Unlike previous reviews that primarily focused on the synthesis, properties, and individual applications of MXenes, this work provides a fundamental discussion of their role in wastewater treatment, recent advancements in energy harvesting, and their broader implications. Additionally, this review offers a comparative analysis of MXene-based systems with other state-of-the-art materials, providing new insights into their future development and potential applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18806,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12060725/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and in vitro and ex vivo characterization of a twin nanoparticulate system to enhance ocular absorption and prolong retention of dexamethasone in the eye: from lab to pilot scale optimization†","authors":"Muhammad Sarfraz, Goutam Behl, Sweta Rani, Niall O'Reilly, Peter McLoughlin, Orla O'Donovan, Alison L. Reynolds, John Lynch and Laurence Fitzhenry","doi":"10.1039/D4NA01086H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4NA01086H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Conventional eye drops show low bioavailability (below 20%) due to the eye's inherent tissue barriers and unique microenvironment. Recent advancements in pharmaceutical nanotechnology have explored various nanoparticle systems, such as micelles, liposomes, and nanoemulsions, to enhance corneal permeation and prolong drug retention. In this study, we propose a twin nanoparticulate system, combining the advantages of two nanoparticles to improve drug targeting and therapeutic efficacy. A dexamethasone-loaded liposome–microemulsion (LME) twin nanoparticulate system was developed using high-pressure homogenization and successfully scaled up. Both liposomes and microemulsions were of similar size (∼60 nm) and displayed uniform distribution (polydispersity index &lt; 0.2) upon combination. The final formulation was hypo-osmolar (osmolality &lt; 100 mOsm per Kg), making it ideal for dry eye relief. Drug release was extended for up to 8 h, following a non-Fickian diffusion pattern. The LME formulation, tested under different conditions (2–8 °C and 25 °C with 60% relative humidity), was found to be stable for 6 months. It showed no cytotoxicity in human corneal epithelial cells up to 10 μM drug concentration. Fluorescence microscopy revealed rapid nanoparticle uptake by cells within 5 minutes. Human corneal epithelial cells showed a marked reduction in inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) after drug-loaded LME treatments, compared to the control. Corneal tissue imaging confirmed prolonged retention of nanoparticles within the tissue. A whole eye <em>ex vivo</em> permeation study demonstrated higher drug concentrations in the aqueous humour of LME drug-treated rabbit eyes compared to a reference product. This twin nanoparticulate system, loaded with dexamethasone, offers a promising next-generation treatment for dry eye disease (DED).</p>","PeriodicalId":18806,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Advances","volume":" 10","pages":" 3125-3142"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/na/d4na01086h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical role of precursor flux in modulating nucleation density in 2D material synthesis revealed by a digital twin.","authors":"Abhinav Sinha, Manvi Verma, Nandeesh Kumar K M, Keerthana S Kumar, Ananth Govind Rajan, Akshay Singh","doi":"10.1039/d5na00202h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5na00202h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is the most widespread approach for two-dimensional (2D) material synthesis, yet control of nucleation density remains a major hurdle towards large-area growth. We find that precursor flux, a function of gas velocity and precursor concentration, is the critical parameter controlling nucleation. We observe that for a vertically aligned substrate, the presence of a cavity/slot in the substrate-supporting plate creates an enhanced growth zone for 2D-MoS₂. The effect of this confined space on nucleation density is experimentally verified by electron microscopy. To understand this intriguing observation, we developed a hyper-realistic multiphysics computational fluid dynamics model, <i>i.e.</i>, a digital twin of our CVD reactor, which reveals that space confinement achieves nearly-zero gas velocities. Digital twin-informed calculations indicate a significantly lower metal precursor flux at the confined space during the initial stages of growth, while precursor concentration is uniform across the substrate. The digital twin also makes an important prediction regarding a large time-lag between the set temperature, reactor environmental temperature, and substrate temperature, with implications for nucleation and growth. We offer a framework for designing confined spaces to control nucleation <i>via</i> regulating precursor flux, and for simulating reactor parameters for rapid optimization <i>via</i> the digital-twin model.</p>","PeriodicalId":18806,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12056668/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in molecular imaging for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma","authors":"Xun Hu, Zihua Wang, Yuting Zhu, Zhangfu Li, Hao Yan, Xinming Zhao and Qian Wang","doi":"10.1039/D4NA01080A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4NA01080A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant tumor characterized by poor overall patient survival and prognosis, largely due to challenges in early diagnosis, limited surgical options, and a high propensity for therapy resistance. The integration of various imaging modalities through molecular imaging techniques, particularly multimodal molecular imaging, offers the potential to provide more precise and comprehensive information about the lesion. With advances in nanomedicine, new imaging and drug delivery approaches that allow the development of multifunctional theranostic agents offer opportunities for improving pancreatic cancer treatment using precision oncology. Herein, we review the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of molecular imaging for PDAC and discuss the adoption of multimodal imaging approaches that combine the strengths of different imaging techniques to enhance diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic efficacy. We emphasize the significant role of nanomedicine technology in advancing multimodal molecular imaging and theranostics, and their potential impact on PDAC management. This comprehensive review aims to serve as a valuable reference for researchers and clinicians, offering insights into the current state of molecular imaging in PDAC and outlining future directions for improving early diagnosis, combination therapies, and prognostic evaluations.</p>","PeriodicalId":18806,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Advances","volume":" 10","pages":" 2887-2903"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/na/d4na01080a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An organometallic approach to sub-2 nm thiolate-protected Au nanoclusters with enhanced catalytic and therapeutic properties.","authors":"Irene Del-Campo, Alba Sorroche, Nina Allen, Mattia Ghirardello, Francisco Corzana, M Carmen Galán, Miguel Monge, José M López-de-Luzuriaga","doi":"10.1039/d5na00123d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5na00123d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) of sub-2 nm size have been synthesized through a novel bottom-up approach using the organometallic precursor [Au(C₆F₅)(tht)] (tht = tetrahydrothiophene) in a one-pot reaction under mild conditions. This protocol is simple, rapid (1 h), versatile (applicable to thiolate ligands of varying molecular sizes), and reproducible, yielding AuNCs with low size dispersion. Furthermore, the resulting nanomaterials exhibited remarkable catalytic activity, effectively reducing the pollutant 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol, as well as promising photothermal and photodynamic properties upon exposure to an 808 nm laser, converting light into thermal energy and generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, AuNCs stabilized with a nonapeptide demonstrated efficient catalase-like activity, thereby potentially enhancing the efficacy of photodynamic therapy. The cytotoxic effects against cancer (HeLa) and healthy cells (HDF) were also evaluated, showing greater selectivity for HeLa cells, with higher toxicity and increased ROS generation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18806,"journal":{"name":"Nanoscale Advances","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12053774/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143979231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}