MycologiaPub Date : 2024-09-12DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2381424
Marta Cortina-Escribano,Pyry Veteli,Michael John Wingfield,Brenda Diana Wingfield,Martin Petrus Albertus Coetzee,Henri Vanhanen,Riikka Linnakoski
{"title":"Phylogenetic analysis and morphological characteristics of laccate Ganoderma specimens in Finland.","authors":"Marta Cortina-Escribano,Pyry Veteli,Michael John Wingfield,Brenda Diana Wingfield,Martin Petrus Albertus Coetzee,Henri Vanhanen,Riikka Linnakoski","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2381424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2024.2381424","url":null,"abstract":"The Ganoderma lucidum complex includes fungi with similar morphologies but which are thought to represent different species. The lack of available type material and associated absence of multiple locus sequence data has complicated identification of these fungi. The aim of this study was to clarify the identity of the laccate Ganoderma species occurring in Finland by inferring a phylogeny using DNA sequences from available boreal-temperate material. DNA from Finnish isolates together with an older G. lucidum isolate originating from the United Kingdom was sequenced, and the morphological features of the Finnish specimens were examined. The phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the elongation factor 1-α (tef1), RNA polymerase II subunit (rpb2), and partial β-tubulin (β-tub) genes revealed that the G. lucidum isolate from the United Kingdom did not fall within a well-supported clade with other G. lucidum sequences or related species. The Finnish isolates were closely related to the G. tsugae lineage in tef1, rpb2, and β-tub phylogenies. However, G. tsugae appears morphologically distinct from the Finnish material. The results suggest that G. tsugae, or a species phylogenetically closely related to it, may occur in Finland. But further investigation into the relationship between G. tsugae and G. lucidum from Europe will be needed to clarify the identity of the laccate Ganoderma species in Finland.","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":"3 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MycologiaPub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-06-17DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2354149
Jeremy R Dettman, Suzanne Gerdis
{"title":"<i>Alternaria</i> sections <i>Infectoriae and Pseudoalternaria</i>: New genomic resources, phylogenomic analyses, and biodiversity.","authors":"Jeremy R Dettman, Suzanne Gerdis","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2354149","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2354149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Species in <i>Alternaria</i> sections <i>Infectoriae</i> and <i>Pseudoalternaria</i> are commonly isolated from agricultural crops and a variety of other plant hosts. With the increasing appreciation that species from these two sections are often the dominant taxa recovered from important cereal crops, the need for improved understanding of their biodiversity and taxonomy has grown. Given that morphological characteristics and existing molecular markers are not sufficient for distinguishing among species, we expanded the genomic resources for these sections to support research in biosystematics and species diagnostics. Whole genome assemblies for 22 strains were generated, including the first genomes from section <i>Infectoriae</i> or <i>Pseudoalternaria</i> strains sampled from Canada, which significantly increases the number of publicly released genomes, particularly for section <i>Pseudoalternaria</i>. We performed comprehensive phylogenomic analyses of all available genomes (n = 39) and present the first robust phylogeny for these taxa. The segregation of the two sections was strongly supported by genomewide data, and multiple lineages were detected within each section. We then provide an overview of the biosystematics of these groups by analyzing two standard molecular markers from the largest sample of section <i>Infectoriae</i> and <i>Pseudoalternaria</i> strains studied to date. The patterns of relative diversity suggest that, in many cases, multiple species described based on minor morphological differences may actually represent different strains of the same species. A list of candidate loci for development into new informative molecular markers, which are diagnostic for sections and lineages, was created from analyses of phylogenetic signals from individual genes across the entire genome.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"659-672"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141331360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The use of <i>Pisolithus albus</i> found in saline areas to improve the growth of <i>Eucalyptus</i> seedlings under high salinity conditions.","authors":"Rattima Wanroon, Nisa Leksungnoen, Tharnrat Kaewgrajang","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2360607","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2360607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salinity is an abiotic factor limiting plant fitness and therefore forest crop productivity, and salt-affected areas have been expanding throughout the world. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi can improve the salt tolerance of woody plants, including <i>Eucalyptus</i> species To screen for salt-resistant <i>Pisolithus albus</i> (PA) isolates, 16 PA isolates were cultivated on modified Melin-Norkrans agar containing NaCl at concentrations of 0, 10, 20, and 30 dS m<sup>-1</sup>. The <i>P. albus</i> isolate PA33 had the greatest salt resistance under 10 and 20 dS m<sup>-1</sup> NaCl, which are soil salinity levels in salt-affected areas of Thailand. We studied the effect of PA33 on <i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i> × <i>E. pellita</i> cuttings under salt stress (0 and 16 dS m<sup>-1</sup>) for 1 month. PA enhanced the growth of the <i>Eucalyptus</i> seedlings, as indicated by higher relative growth rates in height and root collar diameter of inoculated seedlings compared with non-inoculated seedlings. Moreover, the inoculated seedlings had less cell damage from NaCl, as indicated by significantly lesser leaf thickness and electrolyte leakage than the controls. These findings could lead to practices conferring socioeconomic and environmental benefits, as abandoned salt-affected areas could be reclaimed using such <i>Eucalyptus</i> seedlings inoculated with salt-tolerant ECM fungi.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"629-641"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141498450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MycologiaPub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-07-18DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2367954
Sampa Kundu, Mahasin Ali Khan
{"title":"Fossils can reveal a long-vanished combination of character states: Evidence from a mysterious foliicolous anamorphic fungus from the Middle Siwalik (Late Miocene) of Himachal Pradesh, India.","authors":"Sampa Kundu, Mahasin Ali Khan","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2367954","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2367954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fossils can unveil a long-vanished combination of character states that inform inferences about the timing and patterns of diversification of modern fungi. By examining the well-preserved stacked chained vesicular conidiophores developed in clusters from the basal stroma, we describe a new taxon of fossil Zygosporiaceae with a combination of characters unknown among extant taxa on compressed serrated-margined dicot leaf (cf. Fagaceae) recovered from the Siwalik sediments (Late Miocene; ca. 12-8 Ma) of Himachal Pradesh, western Himalaya. Based upon conidiophore morphology, our Siwalik fungal remains, similar to <i>Zygosporium</i> Mont. (Zygosporiaceae: Xylariales: Sordariomycetes), are recognized as a new fossil species, <i>Z. stromaticum</i> Kundu & Khan, sp. nov. <i>Zygosporium stromaticum</i> is the only known fossil anamorphic fungus that occurs on plant cuticles and has a cluster of stacked chained vesicular conidiophores arising from a poorly preserved basal stroma formed by irregular, thick-walled cells. Its combination of morphological characteristics is unknown in extant fungal taxa, so <i>Z. stromaticum</i> likely represents a new anamorphic foliicolous fungus that may now be extinct. This unique evidence may be essential for the calibration of divergence time estimations of fungal lineages.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"650-658"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Genome-wide search and gene expression studies reveal candidate effectors with a role in pathogenicity and virulence in <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>.","authors":"Massarat Fatima, Hanan Anjum Bhat, Nisha Rebekah, Sivaswamy Murugasamy, Ragiba Makandar","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2373665","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2373665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Fusarium graminearum</i> causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease in wheat worldwide. Although <i>F. graminearum</i> is reported to secrete several effectors, their role in virulence and pathogenicity is unknown. The study aimed at identifying candidate genes with a role in pathogenicity and virulence using two different host systems, <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> and wheat, challenged with <i>F. graminearum</i> TN01. Detached leaf assay and histological studies revealed the virulent nature of TN01. A genome-wide in silico search revealed several candidate genes, of which 23 genes were selected based on reproducibility. Gene expression studies by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in leaf tissues of Arabidopsis and the two wheat genotypes, the susceptible (Sonalika) and the resistant (Nobeoka Bozu/Nobeoka), compared with mock-treated controls in a time-course study using fungal- and plant-specific genes as internal controls revealed that these genes were differentially regulated. Further, expression of these candidates in <i>F. graminearum</i>-inoculated Sonalika and Nobeoka spikes compared with mock-treated controls revealed their role in pathogenicity and virulence. Gene ontology studies revealed that some of these secretory proteins possessed a role in apoptosis and ceratoplatanin and KP4 killer toxin syntheses. A three-dimensional protein configuration was performed by homology modeling using trRosetta. Further, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) studies in <i>F. graminearum</i>-inoculated Arabidopsis and wheat at early time points of inoculation revealed an increased expression of the majority of these genes in Sonalika, suggesting their possible role in pathogenicity, whereas low mRNA abundance was observed for 11 of these genes in the resistant genotype, Nobeoka, compared with Sonalika, indicating their role in virulence of <i>F. graminearum</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"708-728"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MycologiaPub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-07-01DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2363135
Travis Zalesky, Alexander J Bradshaw, Zolton J Bair, Kyle W Meyer, Paul Stamets
{"title":"Fungal cryopreservation across 61 genera: Practical application and method evaluation.","authors":"Travis Zalesky, Alexander J Bradshaw, Zolton J Bair, Kyle W Meyer, Paul Stamets","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2363135","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2363135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungi occupy important environmental, cultural, and socioeconomic roles. However, biological research of this diverse kingdom has lagged behind that of other phylogenetic groups. This is partially the result of the notorious difficulty in culturing a diverse array of filamentous fungal species due to their (i) often unpredictable growth, (ii) unknown preferences for culturing conditions, and (iii) long incubation times compared with other microorganisms such as bacteria and yeasts. Given the complexity associated with concurrently culturing diverse fungal species, developing practical methods for preserving as many species as possible for future research is vital. The widely accepted best practice for preserving fungal tissue is the use of cryogenic biobanking at -165 C, allowing for the preservation and documentation of stable genetic lineages, thus enabling long-term diversity-centered research. Despite the extensive literature on fungal cryopreservation, substantial barriers remain for implementation of cryogenic biobanks in smaller mycological laboratories. In this work, we present practical considerations for the establishment of a fungal culture biobank, as well as provide evidence for the viability of 61 fungal genera in cryogenic storage. By providing a pragmatic methodology for cryogenically preserving and managing many filamentous fungi, we show that creating a biobank can be economical for independently owned and operated mycology laboratories, which can serve as a long-term resource for biodiversity, conservation, and strain maintenance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"865-876"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141476974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MycologiaPub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2363137
B van der Merwe, A Rockefeller, A Kilian, C Clark, M Sethathi, T Moult, K Jacobs
{"title":"A description of two novel <i>Psilocybe</i> species from southern Africa and some notes on African traditional hallucinogenic mushroom use.","authors":"B van der Merwe, A Rockefeller, A Kilian, C Clark, M Sethathi, T Moult, K Jacobs","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2363137","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2363137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two new <i>Psilocybe</i> species (Hymenogastraceae), <i>P. ingeli</i> and <i>P. maluti</i>, are described from southern Africa. Morphology and phylogeny were used to separate the two novel fungi from their closest relatives in the genus. <i>Psilocybe ingeli</i> was found fruiting on bovine manure-enriched grasslands in the Kwa-Zulu Natal Province of South Africa and differs from its closest relative <i>P. keralensis</i> and others in the internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, partial 28S nuc rDNA, and translation elongation factor 1-alpha regions, distribution, and having larger basidiospores. Similarly, <i>P. maluti</i> was collected from the Free State Province of South Africa and observed in the Kingdom of Lesotho, growing on bovine manure. A secotioid pileus, geographic distribution, and differences in the same DNA regions distinguish <i>P. maluti</i> from its closest relative <i>P. chuxiongensis</i>. Furthermore, the spore dispersal and traditional, spiritualistic use of <i>P. maluti</i> are discussed here.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"821-834"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MycologiaPub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-08-09DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2363141
Cristiano Coelho-Nascimento, Denis A Zabin, Alexandre G Dos Santos E Silva-Filho, Mariana P Drewinski, Genivaldo Alves-Silva, Thiago Kossmann, Mahatma Titton, Elisandro R Drechsler-Santos, Nelson Menolli
{"title":"Unroughing the cat's tongue mushrooms: Four new species of <i>Pseudohydnum</i> from Brazil based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence.","authors":"Cristiano Coelho-Nascimento, Denis A Zabin, Alexandre G Dos Santos E Silva-Filho, Mariana P Drewinski, Genivaldo Alves-Silva, Thiago Kossmann, Mahatma Titton, Elisandro R Drechsler-Santos, Nelson Menolli","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2363141","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2363141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pseudohydnum</i>, commonly known as cat's tongue mushrooms, is a monophyletic assemblage within Auriculariales, which encompasses species with gelatinous basidiomata, spathulate, flabellate, or shell-shaped pileus, hydnoid hymenophore, globose to ellipsoidal basidiospores, and longitudinally cruciate-septate basidia. According to the available literature, 16 species have been described in <i>Pseudohydnum</i>, mostly represented in temperate-boreal forests of the Northern Hemisphere. However, the limited morphological, molecular, and ecological information, especially from the Southern Hemisphere ecosystems, does not presently allow a reliable assessment of its taxonomic boundaries nor provide a complete picture of the species diversity in the genus. In an ongoing effort to examine specimens collected in dense and mixed ombrophilous forest fragments (Atlantic Rainforest domain) from Southeastern and Southern Brazil, additional taxa assigned to <i>Pseudohydnum</i> were identified. Four new species are recognized based mostly on characters of the pileus surface, stipe, hymenium, and basidiospores. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS barcode), partial nuc rDNA 28S, and partial RNA polymerase II largest subunit (<i>RPB1</i>) sequences supported the description of these new taxa. Here, we propose <i>Pseudohydnum brasiliense, P. brunneovelutinum, P. cupulisnymphae</i>, and <i>P. viridimontanum</i> as new species. Morphological descriptions, line drawings, habitat photos, and comparisons with closely related taxa are provided. A dichotomous key for identification of currently known Southern Hemisphere <i>Pseudohydnum</i> species is presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"792-820"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141910022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MycologiaPub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2361518
Carolina G Piña Páez, Kyle A Gervers, Jessica A Martin, Javier F Tabima, Daniel L Luoma, Joseph W Spatafora
{"title":"<i>Suillus hypogaeus</i>: First record of a truffle <i>Suillus</i>.","authors":"Carolina G Piña Páez, Kyle A Gervers, Jessica A Martin, Javier F Tabima, Daniel L Luoma, Joseph W Spatafora","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2361518","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2361518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Suillus</i> (order Boletales) is a diverse genus of epigeous, mushroom-forming fungi native to temperate forests across the Northern Hemisphere; however, some species are also present in areas where Pinaceae has been introduced in the Southern Hemisphere. Unlike the closely related genus <i>Rhizopogon</i>, there are no described hypogeous, sequestrate species of <i>Suillus</i>. Here, we describe <i>Suillus hypogaeus</i>, the first known species of the genus with hypogeous, sequestrate sporocarps. Collections were made on Marys Peak in Benton County, Oregon, USA, at an elevation of 800 m in forests dominated by <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> var. <i>menziesii</i>. The peridium is white, quickly staining pink to purple-reddish where bruised or cut. The gleba is pale yellow when young, becoming purple with maturity, and the basidiospores are obovoid, light yellow in KOH, and amyloid in Melzer's reagent. Multilocus molecular phylogenetic analyses support the placement of <i>S. hypogaeus</i> among the <i>Larix</i> specialists in the spectabilis group of <i>Suillus</i>. Although <i>Larix</i> and <i>Pseudotsuga</i> are sister genera, <i>Larix</i> does not occur on Marys Peak or elsewhere in western Oregon. <i>Suillus hypogaeus</i>, therefore, represents both an independent origin of the hypogeous, sequestrate sporocarp within the Boletales and an independent host shift between <i>Larix</i> and <i>Pseudotsuga</i> within the genus <i>Suillus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"764-774"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
MycologiaPub Date : 2024-09-01Epub Date: 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2024.2358942
Salna Nanu, T K Arun Kumar
{"title":"New species of <i>Chalciporus</i> and <i>Tylopilus</i> from India, with keys to the known species.","authors":"Salna Nanu, T K Arun Kumar","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2358942","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2358942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two new species, <i>Chalciporus rubrostipitatus</i> and <i>Tylopilus purpureus</i>, are proposed from India based on morphological and molecular data. <i>Chalciporus rubrostipitatus</i> is characterized by basidiomata having purplish red to reddish pileus with subtomentose to rugose surface, whitish pileal context, round to angular pores, and reddish orange to red stipe, which is pruinose toward the apex. <i>Tylopilus purpureus</i> produces basidiomata having a purple to vinaceous purple pileus, whitish pore surface that changes to reddish brown on bruising, and a minutely pubescent purplish stipe. Morphological descriptions and comparisons, taxonomic keys, and results of phylogenetic analyses using sequences of the ITS (internal transcribed spacer), 28S (28S rRNA), and <i>RPB2</i> (second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II) gene regions are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"729-743"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}