Mycologia最新文献

{"title":"Free-living fungi in the Anthropocene and impacts on public health, food security, and biodiversity.","authors":"E J M I K Jayasundara, Adriana L Romero-Olivares","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2660613","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2660613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global environmental changes that characterize the Anthropocene, such as extreme weather events, increase in temperature, severe droughts, etc. are affecting soil fungi, the crucial roles they play in ecosystems, and therefore impacting our society. In the past two decades, many studies have investigated the effects of diverse environmental changes (i.e. global change drivers) in fungi, at the species, population, and community levels, in natural and managed ecosystems, as well as under laboratory conditions. In this review, we draw together these studies to examine overall impacts on fungi when exposed to global change drivers. In addition, we summarize how global change and impacts on fungi are affecting society through impacts on public health, food security, and biodiversity. In closing, we present ways forward for research in this area, as well as gaps in knowledge and emergent questions in the field of soil fungi in the Anthropocene.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"885-914"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148211967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular dynamics modeling of the <i>Candida albicans</i> membrane for the discovery of membrane-binding antifungal peptides.","authors":"Xiaowei Chen, Ruixue Xu, Guangcheng Fu, Yangyang Yang, Huawei Sang, Yulong Wu, Conghao Gai, Xiao Wang","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2671301","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2671301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungal infections caused by <i>Candida albicans</i> (<i>C. albicans</i>) pose a significant clinical challenge, especially due to the rise of multidrug-resistant strains. Antifungal peptides (AFPs) represent promising alternatives because of their high efficacy, low toxicity, and reduced risk of resistance. In this study, we integrated computational modeling and experimental validation to identify novel AFPs targeting the fungal membrane. Four candidate peptides-HIV-F9170 (GWEALKYLWNLLQYW), PinA (WRWWKWWK), PinB (WPTKWWK), and XYP1 (KIKWFKAMKSIAKFIAKDQLKKHL)-were evaluated using AlphaFold2 structure prediction, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and in vitro antifungal assays. MD simulations revealed that PinA and XYP1 exhibited strong binding and stable interactions with a model <i>C. albicans</i> membrane. Correspondingly, in vitro assays confirmed that these two peptides effectively inhibited fungal growth without cytotoxicity toward HEK-293 cells. Our findings provide a mechanistic basis for peptide antifungal activity and identify promising candidates for further therapeutic development.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1016-1026"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148218399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nuclear genome population genomics of the potato wart pathogen (<i>Synchytrium endobioticum</i>) reveals high-resolution relationships of global strains.","authors":"Jeremy R Dettman, Bart T L H van de Vossenberg, Theo A J van der Lee, Hai D T Nguyen","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2684821","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2684821","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The chytrid <i>Synchytrium endobioticum</i> causes potato wart disease and is a regulated quarantine pathogen. Due to its obligate association with the potato host, obtaining pure genome sequences has been technically challenging. Previous population studies were limited to microsatellites or mitochondrial genomes, which capture only a small portion of the pathogen's genetic diversity. To enable the first population genomic analyses of the nuclear genome of <i>S. endobioticum</i>, we designed and applied a robust single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) discovery strategy to existing and novel sequence data sets that represent the global diversity in potato production systems. We demonstrate that reliable nuclear genome data can be recovered from contaminated environmental samples, where <i>S. endobioticum</i> constitutes only ~5% of total reads. After stringent filtering, 74 high‑quality data sets for isolates from 10 countries and 12 pathotypes were retained. Phylogenetic analyses of genome-wide SNP alignments, some with up to 188 817 SNPs, identified three well-supported nuclear phylogroups that largely corresponded to mitochondrial haplogroups: (i) a basal Peruvian clade; (ii) a European/Canadian clade containing mostly pathotypes 1(D1), 2(G1), 6(O1), and 8(F1); and (iii) a clade with pathotypes 18(T1) and 38(Nevşehir). Using a subset of 13 327 homozygous SNPs, population structure analysis and phylogenetic networks confirmed three genetic clusters with limited admixture. Our analyses indicate that potato wart was introduced into Canada from a European source. Pathotype designations do not correspond to exclusive monophyletic lineages. Analysis of the <i>AvrSen1</i> effector revealed that distinct loss-of-function variants can occur in multiple nuclear phylogroups, suggesting independent emergence of some virulence phenotypes. Isolates contain a reservoir of genetic variation, which may allow adaptation to changing host resistance pressures. This nuclear genome approach provides significantly greater resolution than previous molecular markers used for strain tracking. Furthermore, the solid phylogenetic framework developed here will support future effector-based pathotype inference and will aid regulators in surveillance and quarantine decisions for this high-risk pathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"997-1015"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148630205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High ascomycete diversity and novel fungal associations found in expanding <i>Epipactis helleborine</i> populations outside their native range.","authors":"Emma R Peterson, Andrew H Loudon, Fletcher E Falk, Jasmine K Janes","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2707363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2026.2707363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Epipactis helleborine</i> is an orchid species that has been introduced to North America and continues to expand its range. Numerous studies have investigated the mycorrhizal specificity of these orchids in their native range and found broad associations with Ascomycota, particularly <i>Wilcoxina</i>. Similar studies in North America are rare. We assessed the fungal diversity associated with populations of <i>E. helleborine</i>, and the surrounding soil, in mixed habitats on Vancouver Island (Canada) to make comparisons with findings from the species native range. After collecting 45 rhizomes and 36 soil samples, we amplified the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) region to assess alpha and beta diversity. BLAST searches were conducted, and phylogenetic reconstructions of high-matching fungal sequences from other <i>E. helleborine</i> studies were created. We demonstrate that <i>E. helleborine</i> populations continue to associate with a diverse group of Ascomycota fungi, particularly <i>Wilcoxina</i> spp. as they continue to expand their range northward in western North America. However, we also detected a novel association among <i>E. helleborine</i> rhizomes and <i>Rhexocercosporidium</i>, a genus containing known saprophytes and plant pathogens. Our results indicate that this orchid can pair with an extensive range of fungal partners, likely by taking advantage of varying degrees of phylogenetic niche conservatism among different fungal groups, which could have wide-reaching implications in terms of further geographic expansion and introductions to new continents.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148850971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two new species of <i>Cortinarius</i> subgenus <i>Telamonia</i> section <i>Firmiores</i> (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) from Europe and North America.","authors":"Geert Schmidt-Stohn, Matthias Dondl, Emanuele Campo, Bernhard Oertel, Irja Saar, Kare Liimatainen, Tuula Niskanen, Dimitar Bojantchev, Giovanni Turrini, Bálint Dima","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2702820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2026.2702820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we describe two new species of <i>Cortinarius</i> subgen. <i>Telamonia</i> sect. <i>Firmiores: Cortinarius curiosus</i> and <i>C. ferrugineochraceus</i>. Both species are well supported by phylogenetic analyses and are characterized by distinct morphological features. <i>Cortinarius curiosus</i> is resolved within the broader /Alboviolacei clade, forming a strongly supported lineage together with the three European taxa and <i>C. obliquus</i> from USA. Morphologically, <i>C. curiosus</i> can be distinguished from the European <i>C. acutispissipes, C. alboviolaceus</i>, and <i>C. paralbocyaneus</i> by first its silvery-whitish pileus and the strongly ornamented spores. Moreover, differentiation of all these four species of the clade based on spore size and ornamentation has been established as far as possible. In Europe, <i>C. curiosus</i> is associated with evergreen oaks, in the USA with <i>Quercus nigra</i>, which can be called partially evergreen. In addition, these four species are compared with the North American <i>Cortinarius obliquus</i>. The second new species, <i>Cortinarius ferrugineochraceus</i>, is placed within the /Turgidoides clade, where it forms a distinct lineage closely related to, but clearly separable from, <i>C. turgidoides</i>. These two taxa are compared in detail with respect to morphology, molecular characters, and ecological preferences. <i>Cortinarius ferrugineochraceus</i> can easily be recognized by its white, frosty veil covering pileus and the ochraceous orange to ferrugineous colors when young. In contrast, the veil of <i>C. turgidoides</i> is clearly fibrillose and more distinct and the pileus is more leather-brown to ferrugineous colored. Furthermore, the taxonomic status and previously proposed synonyms of <i>C. turgidoides</i> are critically reassessed in light of the phylogenetic evidence presented here.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148840731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenomic analysis supports the transfer of <i>Coniothyrium glycines</i>, a soybean pathogen and USDA Select Agent, to the genus <i>Aristastoma</i>.","authors":"Nicholas Greatens, Rachel A Koch Bach","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2677228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2026.2677228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Red leaf blotch, caused by <i>Coniothyrium glycines</i>, is a major leaf spot disease of soybean in Africa. Because of its unique morphological characteristics, <i>C. glycines</i> has been placed in numerous genera since its description in 1957, and recent phylogenetic evidence has suggested that its current placement within <i>Coniothyrium</i> is incorrect. To provide nomenclatural stability, we reevaluated its evolutionary history and taxonomy using a phylogenomic approach. We produced draft genomes for 13 close relatives of <i>C. glycines</i> and generated a consensus tree from 4643 BUSCO genes in these species and related Dothideomycetes. We show that <i>Coniothyrium</i> is not monophyletic and <i>C. glycines</i> is closely related to <i>Aristastoma oeconomicum</i>, a once prevalent leaf spot pathogen of cowpea in the eastern United States. Similarities in morphology and disease symptomology, along with genome distance estimations and a phylogeny based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and partial nuclear 28S rDNA (D1-D2) data, support the transfer of <i>C. glycines</i> and another species, <i>Coniothyrium dolichi</i>, to <i>Aristastoma</i>. The inclusion of this species in <i>Aristastoma</i> expands the morphological concept of this genus to include species that produce sclerotia and have aseptate conidia. The improved systematics and genomic resources generated with this study will advance the development of diagnostics and detection assays of this high-consequence plant pathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148795375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feast or fight: Assessing the functions of putative nematode-trapping structures in saprotrophic Agaricales.","authors":"Prasanth Prakash Prabhu, Laila El-Samra, David S Hibbett","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2703193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2026.2703193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Several species of mushroom-forming fungi have been reported to trap and consume nematodes. Nematophagy is hypothesized to have evolved as a mechanism for supplementing nitrogen, analogous to carnivorous plants. In this study, we systematically reviewed all the putative nematode-trapping saprotrophic Agaricales and documented their behavior in the presence of nematodes. <i>Hohenbuehelia mastrucata, Pleurotus citrinopileatus</i>, and <i>P. djamor</i> all trapped and consumed nematodes, as reported previously. In contrast, we found that <i>Stropharia rugosoannulata</i> and <i>Coprinus comatus</i> produce structures that have been suggested to function in nematode trapping, but these fungi neither trap nor consume the nematodes. It is possible that the structures interpreted to function in nematode trapping in <i>S. rugosoannulata</i> and <i>C. comatus</i> act as defensive mechanisms against fungivory.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148706945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and phylogenetic characterization of two <i>Rosellinia</i> subgenus <i>Corrugata</i> species causing disease on conifers in temperate forests of the United States.","authors":"Stephan T Miller, Isabel Munck, Jason M Karakehian, Lisa A Castlebury","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2692301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2026.2692301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2023, conifers with <i>Rosellinia</i> infections were discovered in Maine, New Hampshire, and Ohio. The trees displayed twig and needle blight with dense mats of mycelium. The isolates causing the infections were provisionally identified as <i>Rosellinia mycophila</i> or <i>R. herpotrichoides</i> according to current morphology-based criteria. Both species belong to the <i>R. thelena</i> subgroup (subg. <i>Corrugata</i>) of <i>Rosellinia</i> as defined by Petrini (2013, Bibliotheca Mycologica 205). To date, no molecular data are available for species within this subgenus. To address this gap, we sequenced several loci and conducted a multilocus phylogenetic analysis (nuc ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA [ITS], nuc 28S rDNA D1-D2 [28S] regions, β-tubulin [<i>TUB2</i>], and the second-largest subunit of the DNA-directed RNA polymerase II [<i>RPB2</i>]). Recently, several <i>Rosellinia</i> species were segregated to <i>Dematophora</i> because they group in a separate clade and form distinct asexual morphs: <i>Rosellinia</i> species form <i>Geniculosporium</i>-like asexual states, whereas <i>Dematophora</i> species form <i>Dematophora</i>-like asexual states. Our analysis shows that <i>R. mycophila</i> and <i>R. herpotrichoides</i> form a well‑supported clade adjacent to these groups and share <i>Nodulisporium</i>-like anamorphs. The specimens collected in this study exhibited more than 99.3% sequence similarity. In 1961, Petrak (Sydowia 15:242-246) considered a specimen later identified as <i>R. mycophila</i> to be a form of <i>R. herpotrichoides</i> with small ascospores. In 1986, Francis (Trans Br Mycol Soc 87:397-400) disagreed and argued that the two should be maintained as separate species. Our molecular data suggest limited genetic distinction between these species; however, we do not formally synonymize the taxa. Broader sampling, especially from European and type-associated material, will be needed to evaluate whether morphological features reliably delimit <i>R. mycophila</i> and <i>R. herpotrichoides</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148579468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defined polyxenic cultivation of species of <i>Didymium</i> and <i>Physarum</i> for small-scale laboratory production of plasmodia, sclerotia, and sporocarps.","authors":"Johann Gangl, Gabriela Nagl-Neuhold, Myriam de Haan, Marc Lemmens, Rudolf Krska","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2641983","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2641983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myxomycetes (plasmodial slime molds or myxogastrids) have long attracted scientific attention for their complex life cycles and unique behaviors, yet they remain underexplored in applied research contexts such as plant pathology. This study established reproducible, stepwise protocols for the cultivation, maintenance, and induction of sclerotia and sporocarps under defined polyxenic conditions of four species of myxomycetes, <i>Didymium squamulosum, D. bahiense, Physarum cinereum</i>, and <i>P. compressum</i> originally collected from maize. Starting from spore-based cultures, we optimized feeding regimes using bacterial and yeast mixtures, introduced a purification method combining antibiotic agar and low-heat-killed yeast, and demonstrated long-term culture maintenance at low temperature. Growth dynamics were modeled via the area of microbial feed consumed, revealing strong species- and temperature-dependent differences. Controlled sclerotization yielded sclerotia with quantifiable macrocyst activity, assessed by phase-contrast microscopy of cytoplasmic movement as a reproducible proxy for macrocyst functionality. Sporulation was successfully induced for all four species, with interspecific variation in sporocarp formation and spore germination rates. Together, these methods enable full life cycle completion in the laboratory and provide standardized inoculum sources in small scale for downstream applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"868-884"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147691034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New species of Cortinariaceae from xeric habitats in California, USA, and adjacent states, 1: <i>Calonarius</i>.","authors":"Dimitar Bojantchev, Shannon Adams, Warren Cardimona, Michelle Torres-Grant, Lindsay Best, Noah Siegel","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2655089","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2655089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fungi of California's xeric oak habitats and nearby areas of the Pacific states of American West have long been understudied due to their irregular fruiting patterns, low expected yields, and the challenges these pose for planning field work. This study is based on the authors' extensive research into this natural environment. This article is the first in a series of installments that will describe more than 24 new members of Cortinariaceae from this habitat. Here we describe nine new species in the genus <i>Calonarius</i>-<i>Ca. ambrosius, Ca. ostentatus, Ca. laudabilis, Ca. pretiosus, Ca. praestabilis, Ca. eminens, Ca. involutus, Ca. inopinatus</i>, and <i>Ca. polychromus</i>, all associated with <i>Quercus</i>, and in some cases with <i>Notholithocarpus densiflorus</i> species. Some species presented here appear to be limited to the xeric zone, whereas others are widespread but more common within it. A brief history of the study of <i>Cortinarius</i> s.l. in California is also presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"849-867"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147973867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}