Mycologia最新文献

{"title":"Fungal cryopreservation across 61 genera: Practical application and method evaluation.","authors":"Travis Zalesky, Alexander J Bradshaw, Zolton J Bair, Kyle W Meyer, Paul Stamets","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2363135","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2363135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungi occupy important environmental, cultural, and socioeconomic roles. However, biological research of this diverse kingdom has lagged behind that of other phylogenetic groups. This is partially the result of the notorious difficulty in culturing a diverse array of filamentous fungal species due to their (i) often unpredictable growth, (ii) unknown preferences for culturing conditions, and (iii) long incubation times compared with other microorganisms such as bacteria and yeasts. Given the complexity associated with concurrently culturing diverse fungal species, developing practical methods for preserving as many species as possible for future research is vital. The widely accepted best practice for preserving fungal tissue is the use of cryogenic biobanking at -165 C, allowing for the preservation and documentation of stable genetic lineages, thus enabling long-term diversity-centered research. Despite the extensive literature on fungal cryopreservation, substantial barriers remain for implementation of cryogenic biobanks in smaller mycological laboratories. In this work, we present practical considerations for the establishment of a fungal culture biobank, as well as provide evidence for the viability of 61 fungal genera in cryogenic storage. By providing a pragmatic methodology for cryogenically preserving and managing many filamentous fungi, we show that creating a biobank can be economical for independently owned and operated mycology laboratories, which can serve as a long-term resource for biodiversity, conservation, and strain maintenance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141476974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide search and gene expression studies reveal candidate effectors with a role in pathogenicity and virulence in <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>.","authors":"Massarat Fatima, Hanan Anjum Bhat, Nisha Rebekah, Sivaswamy Murugasamy, Ragiba Makandar","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2373665","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2373665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Fusarium graminearum</i> causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease in wheat worldwide. Although <i>F. graminearum</i> is reported to secrete several effectors, their role in virulence and pathogenicity is unknown. The study aimed at identifying candidate genes with a role in pathogenicity and virulence using two different host systems, <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> and wheat, challenged with <i>F. graminearum</i> TN01. Detached leaf assay and histological studies revealed the virulent nature of TN01. A genome-wide in silico search revealed several candidate genes, of which 23 genes were selected based on reproducibility. Gene expression studies by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in leaf tissues of Arabidopsis and the two wheat genotypes, the susceptible (Sonalika) and the resistant (Nobeoka Bozu/Nobeoka), compared with mock-treated controls in a time-course study using fungal- and plant-specific genes as internal controls revealed that these genes were differentially regulated. Further, expression of these candidates in <i>F. graminearum</i>-inoculated Sonalika and Nobeoka spikes compared with mock-treated controls revealed their role in pathogenicity and virulence. Gene ontology studies revealed that some of these secretory proteins possessed a role in apoptosis and ceratoplatanin and KP4 killer toxin syntheses. A three-dimensional protein configuration was performed by homology modeling using trRosetta. Further, real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) studies in <i>F. graminearum</i>-inoculated Arabidopsis and wheat at early time points of inoculation revealed an increased expression of the majority of these genes in Sonalika, suggesting their possible role in pathogenicity, whereas low mRNA abundance was observed for 11 of these genes in the resistant genotype, Nobeoka, compared with Sonalika, indicating their role in virulence of <i>F. graminearum</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A description of two novel <i>Psilocybe</i> species from southern Africa and some notes on African traditional hallucinogenic mushroom use.","authors":"B van der Merwe, A Rockefeller, A Kilian, C Clark, M Sethathi, T Moult, K Jacobs","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2363137","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2363137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two new <i>Psilocybe</i> species (Hymenogastraceae), <i>P. ingeli</i> and <i>P. maluti</i>, are described from southern Africa. Morphology and phylogeny were used to separate the two novel fungi from their closest relatives in the genus. <i>Psilocybe ingeli</i> was found fruiting on bovine manure-enriched grasslands in the Kwa-Zulu Natal Province of South Africa and differs from its closest relative <i>P. keralensis</i> and others in the internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, partial 28S nuc rDNA, and translation elongation factor 1-alpha regions, distribution, and having larger basidiospores. Similarly, <i>P. maluti</i> was collected from the Free State Province of South Africa and observed in the Kingdom of Lesotho, growing on bovine manure. A secotioid pileus, geographic distribution, and differences in the same DNA regions distinguish <i>P. maluti</i> from its closest relative <i>P. chuxiongensis</i>. Furthermore, the spore dispersal and traditional, spiritualistic use of <i>P. maluti</i> are discussed here.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141492642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Suillus hypogaeus</i>: First record of a truffle <i>Suillus</i>.","authors":"Carolina G Piña Páez, Kyle A Gervers, Jessica A Martin, Javier F Tabima, Daniel L Luoma, Joseph W Spatafora","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2361518","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2361518","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Suillus</i> (order Boletales) is a diverse genus of epigeous, mushroom-forming fungi native to temperate forests across the Northern Hemisphere; however, some species are also present in areas where Pinaceae has been introduced in the Southern Hemisphere. Unlike the closely related genus <i>Rhizopogon</i>, there are no described hypogeous, sequestrate species of <i>Suillus</i>. Here, we describe <i>Suillus hypogaeus</i>, the first known species of the genus with hypogeous, sequestrate sporocarps. Collections were made on Marys Peak in Benton County, Oregon, USA, at an elevation of 800 m in forests dominated by <i>Pseudotsuga menziesii</i> var. <i>menziesii</i>. The peridium is white, quickly staining pink to purple-reddish where bruised or cut. The gleba is pale yellow when young, becoming purple with maturity, and the basidiospores are obovoid, light yellow in KOH, and amyloid in Melzer's reagent. Multilocus molecular phylogenetic analyses support the placement of <i>S. hypogaeus</i> among the <i>Larix</i> specialists in the spectabilis group of <i>Suillus</i>. Although <i>Larix</i> and <i>Pseudotsuga</i> are sister genera, <i>Larix</i> does not occur on Marys Peak or elsewhere in western Oregon. <i>Suillus hypogaeus</i>, therefore, represents both an independent origin of the hypogeous, sequestrate sporocarp within the Boletales and an independent host shift between <i>Larix</i> and <i>Pseudotsuga</i> within the genus <i>Suillus</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unroughing the cat's tongue mushrooms: Four new species of <i>Pseudohydnum</i> from Brazil based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence.","authors":"Cristiano Coelho-Nascimento, Denis A Zabin, Alexandre G Dos Santos E Silva-Filho, Mariana P Drewinski, Genivaldo Alves-Silva, Thiago Kossmann, Mahatma Titton, Elisandro R Drechsler-Santos, Nelson Menolli","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2363141","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2363141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pseudohydnum</i>, commonly known as cat's tongue mushrooms, is a monophyletic assemblage within Auriculariales, which encompasses species with gelatinous basidiomata, spathulate, flabellate, or shell-shaped pileus, hydnoid hymenophore, globose to ellipsoidal basidiospores, and longitudinally cruciate-septate basidia. According to the available literature, 16 species have been described in <i>Pseudohydnum</i>, mostly represented in temperate-boreal forests of the Northern Hemisphere. However, the limited morphological, molecular, and ecological information, especially from the Southern Hemisphere ecosystems, does not presently allow a reliable assessment of its taxonomic boundaries nor provide a complete picture of the species diversity in the genus. In an ongoing effort to examine specimens collected in dense and mixed ombrophilous forest fragments (Atlantic Rainforest domain) from Southeastern and Southern Brazil, additional taxa assigned to <i>Pseudohydnum</i> were identified. Four new species are recognized based mostly on characters of the pileus surface, stipe, hymenium, and basidiospores. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS barcode), partial nuc rDNA 28S, and partial RNA polymerase II largest subunit (<i>RPB1</i>) sequences supported the description of these new taxa. Here, we propose <i>Pseudohydnum brasiliense, P. brunneovelutinum, P. cupulisnymphae</i>, and <i>P. viridimontanum</i> as new species. Morphological descriptions, line drawings, habitat photos, and comparisons with closely related taxa are provided. A dichotomous key for identification of currently known Southern Hemisphere <i>Pseudohydnum</i> species is presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141910022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New species of <i>Chalciporus</i> and <i>Tylopilus</i> from India, with keys to the known species.","authors":"Salna Nanu, T K Arun Kumar","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2358942","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2358942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two new species, <i>Chalciporus rubrostipitatus</i> and <i>Tylopilus purpureus</i>, are proposed from India based on morphological and molecular data. <i>Chalciporus rubrostipitatus</i> is characterized by basidiomata having purplish red to reddish pileus with subtomentose to rugose surface, whitish pileal context, round to angular pores, and reddish orange to red stipe, which is pruinose toward the apex. <i>Tylopilus purpureus</i> produces basidiomata having a purple to vinaceous purple pileus, whitish pore surface that changes to reddish brown on bruising, and a minutely pubescent purplish stipe. Morphological descriptions and comparisons, taxonomic keys, and results of phylogenetic analyses using sequences of the ITS (internal transcribed spacer), 28S (28S rRNA), and <i>RPB2</i> (second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II) gene regions are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141559182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revision of <i>Alternaria</i> sections <i>Pseudoulocladium</i> and <i>Ulocladioides</i>: Assessment of species boundaries, determination of mating-type loci, and identification of Russian strains.","authors":"Philipp B Gannibal, Maria M Gomzhina","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2363152","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2363152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Alternaria</i> is a large genus within Pleosporaceae and consists of fungi that have up to recently been considered to be 15 separate genera, including <i>Ulocladium</i>. The majority of <i>Ulocladium</i> species after incorporation into <i>Alternaria</i> were placed in three sections: <i>Ulocladioides, Pseudoulocladium</i>, and <i>Ulocladium</i>. In this study, phylogeny of 26 reference strains of 22 species and 20 Russian <i>Ulocladium</i>-like isolates was recovered. The partial actin gene (<i>act</i>), <i>Alternaria</i> major allergen (<i>alta1</i>), calmodulin (<i>cal</i>), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (<i>gapdh</i>), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (<i>rpb2</i>), and translation elongation factor 1-α (<i>tef1</i>) were sequenced for Russian isolates. All these fungi were examined using multilocus phylogenetic analysis according to the genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition (GCPSR) principle and the coalescent-based model Poisson tree processes (PTP, mPTP) and evaluated for the presence of recombination. All strains were combined into two clades that corresponded to the <i>Pseudoulocladium</i> and <i>Ulocladioides</i> sections. The <i>Pseudoulocladium</i> clade included four reference strains and nine local isolates and considered to be a single species, whereas the <i>Ulocladioides</i> section comprises 11 species, instead of 17 names previously adopted. Nine species were abolished by joining four other species. Species <i>A. atra</i> and <i>A. multiformis</i> were combined into the single species <i>A. atra</i>. Five species, <i>A. brassicae-pekinensis, A. consortialis, A. cucurbitae, A. obovoidea</i>, and <i>A. terricola</i>, were united in the species <i>A. consortialis. Alternaria heterospora</i> and <i>A. subcucurbitae</i> were combined into one species, <i>A. subcucurbitae. Alternaria aspera, A. chartarum, A. concatenata</i>, and <i>A. septospora</i> were combined into a single species, <i>A. chartarum</i>. Also, amplification with two different primer sets was performed to define mating-type locus 1 (<i>MAT1</i>) idiomorph. All studied isolates were heterothallic, contradicting some prior studies. Twenty Russian <i>Ulocladium</i>-like isolates were assigned to five species of two sections, <i>A. atra, A. cantlous, A. chartarum, A. consortialis</i>, and <i>A. subcucurbitae</i>. Species <i>A. cantlous</i> and <i>A. subcucurbitae</i> were found in Russia for the first time.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pinibarreniales, a new order of Sordariomycetes from pine barrens ecosystem.","authors":"Jing Luo, Emily Walsh, Alexis Faulborn, Kevin Gao, James White, Ning Zhang","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2363084","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2363084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pinibarrenia chlamydospora</i>, sp. nov. isolated from the roots of highbush blueberry in the New Jersey Pine Barrens, is described and illustrated. Based on multigene phylogenetic analysis, as well as morphological and ecological characteristics, Pinibarreniales and Pinibarreniaceae are established to accommodate this novel lineage in Sordariomycetidae, Sordariomycetes. Pinibarreniales, Tracyllalales, and Vermiculariopsiellales are proposed to be included in the subclass Sordariomycetidae. Pinibarreniales likely have a wide distribution and forms association with Ericaceae plants that live in acidic and oligotrophic environments because its DNA barcode matches with environmental sequences from other independent ecological studies. The plant-fungal interaction experiment revealed negative impacts on <i>Arabidopsis</i>, indicating its pathogenicity. This uncovered new fungal lineage will contribute to a better understanding of the diversity and systematics of Sordariomycetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141498449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding host cell interaction- and fluconazole-induced metabolic alterations and drug resistance in <i>Candida auris</i>.","authors":"Samah H H Ismail, Rania Hamdy, Alaa M Altaie, Bahgat Fayed, Salam Dakalbab, Raafat El-Awady, Sameh S M Soliman","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2363730","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2363730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Candida auris</i> is an emerging drug-resistant pathogen associated with high mortality rates. This study aimed to explore the metabolic alterations and associated pathogenesis and drug resistance in fluconazole-treated <i>Candida auris</i>-host cell interaction. Compared with controls, secreted metabolites from fluconazole-treated <i>C. auris</i> and fluconazole-treated <i>C. auris</i>-host cell co-culture demonstrated notable anti-<i>Candida</i> activity. Fluconazole caused significant reductions in <i>C. auris</i> cell numbers and aggregated phenotype. Metabolites produced by <i>C. auris</i> with potential fungal colonization, invasion, and host immune evasion effects were identified. Metabolites known to enhance biofilm formation produced during <i>C. auris</i>-host cell interaction were inhibited by fluconazole. Fluconazole enhanced the production of metabolites with biofilm inhibition activity, including behenyl alcohol and decanoic acid. Metabolites with potential <i>Candida</i> growth inhibition activity such as 2-palmitoyl glycerol, 1-tetradecanol, and 1-nonadecene were activated by fluconazole. Different patterns of proinflammatory cytokine expression presented due to fluconazole concentration and host cell type (fibroblasts versus macrophages). This highlights the immune response's complexity, emphasizing the necessity for additional research to comprehend cell-type-specific responses to antifungal therapies. Both host cell interaction and fluconazole treatment increased the expression of <i>CDR1</i> and <i>ERG11</i> genes, both associated with drug resistance. This study provides insights into pathogenesis in <i>C. auris</i> due to host cell interaction and fluconazole treatment. Understanding these interactions is crucial for enhancing fluconazole sensitivity and effectively combating <i>C. auris</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Ophiostoma haidaense</i>, sp. nov., a new member of the <i>O. piceae</i> species complex associated with yellow-cedar, <i>Callitropsis nootkatensis</i>.","authors":"Nicolas Feau, Joey B Tanney, Padmini Herath, Stefan Zeglen, Richard C Hamelin","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2357968","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2357968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Ophiostoma haidanensis</i> is described as a new species of the <i>Ophiostoma piceae</i> complex isolated from yellow-cedar (<i>Callitropsis nootkatensis</i> (D. Don) Oerst. ex D.P. Little) sapwood in the Haida Gwaii island archipelago and the North Coast of British Columbia, Canada. The fungus is characterized by the production of a typical sporothrix-like asexual morph but is distinguished morphologically from other members of the <i>O. piceae</i> species complex by its large, multiseptate primary conidia. Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences from the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and the β-tubulin (<i>BTUB</i>) and translation elongation factor 1-α (<i>TEF1</i>) genes supports the inclusion of <i>O. haidensis</i> as a distinct member within the <i>O. piceae</i> complex. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a blue stain fungus infecting yellow-cedar, an ecologically, culturally, and economically important conifer naturally distributed along the coastal forests of the Pacific Northwest in North America.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141437246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}