Mycologia最新文献

{"title":"Taxonomic revision of fleshy species of <i>Hydnellum, Neosarcodon</i>, and <i>Sarcodon</i> (Thelephorales) from Australasia.","authors":"James K Douch, Luke J Vaughan, Jerry A Cooper, Gareth D Holmes, Richard Robinson, Franck Stefani, Alexander Idnurm, Tom W May","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2363211","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2363211","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stipitate Thelephorales are basidiomycetous, mostly hydnoid, ectomycorrhizal fungi. Some species have declined considerably, and some are threat-listed as vulnerable or endangered. These ecological concerns require a well-resolved taxonomy to understand diversity in this group of fungi and facilitate conservation. However, phylogenetic studies have mostly neglected Southern Hemisphere representatives. This study examines the fleshy species of stipitate Thelephorales from native forests in Australia and New Zealand, using morphological analyses and phylogenetic analyses of nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS barcode) and D1-D2 domains at the 5' end of nuc 28S rDNA (28S) sequences amplified from DNA isolated from fungarium collections and environmental DNA (eDNA) sequences from the Australian Microbiome initiative. Five new species, <i>Sarcodon austrofibulatus, Hydnellum gatesiae, H. nothofagacearum, H. pseudoioeides</i>, and <i>H. variisporum</i>, are described, <i>Sarcodon carbonarius</i> is transferred to <i>Neosarcodon</i>, and a key is provided for the six named species in the region. <i>Boletopsis</i> and <i>Neosarcodon</i> are reported from Australia for the first time based on detections from eDNA in soil samples taken from native forests. The Australasian species of <i>Hydnellum</i> occupy a highly derived position with the phylogeny of the genus, the members of which are otherwise all from the Northern Hemisphere, suggestive of a long-distance dispersal origin for the Australasian species.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"965-992"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142109599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of putative antimicrobial compounds produced by endolichenic <i>Fusarium solani</i> exposed to light treatments.","authors":"Adeline Su Yien Ting, Peck Ting Gan","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2401321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2024.2401321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The endolichenic <i>Fusarium solani</i> (EF5), known to show induced metabolite production when exposed to red and green lights, was selected for characterization of their putative light-regulated bioactive compounds. To achieve this, fractionation was first performed for crude extracts from cultures of <i>F. solani</i> (EF5) incubated in green, red, white-fluorescent light and dark conditions. The extract yielded 12 (dark condition) to 15 (exposed to green, red, and white-fluorescent lights) fractions, and each of the fractions was tested for antimicrobial activities. The fraction (fraction 5) that showed the most promising antimicrobial activity was then subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) to identify the bioactive compounds. Results revealed detection of two new metabolites from endolichenic <i>F. solani</i>, putatively identified as 8-deoxyjavanicin and fusolanone A, which are known to have antimicrobial properties. This study revealed that red and green lights trigger the production of 8-deoxyjavanicin and fusolanone A, which likely contributed to the antimicrobial properties demonstrated by endolichenic <i>F. solani</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142562456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Laetiporus</i> (Laetiporaceae, Basidiomycota) in tropical Africa is represented by a single Afromontane lineage and four species, including <i>Laetiporus discolor, Laetiporus oboensis</i>, sp. nov., <i>Laetiporus tenuiculus</i>, sp. nov., and <i>Laetiporus</i> sp. 1.","authors":"Jean-Claude Rizinde Hakizimana, Mario Amalfi, Alphonse Balezi, Cony Decock","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2395688","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2395688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The tropical African <i>Laetiporus</i> species are revised, based on morphological, ecological, distribution, and phylogenetic data. <i>Laetiporus discolor</i>, originally described from insular Mauritius, is accepted for the species spanning over the African eastern mountain ranges. <i>Laetiporus oboensis</i> and <i>Laetiporus tenuiculus</i> are described as new from the African equatorial insular São Tomé, based on phylogenetic, morphological, and distribution data. <i>Laetiporus oboensis</i> is characterized by compound basidiomes, with densely imbricated pilei in pale orange tint, a lobed margin, 3-4 pores/mm, and basidiospores averaging 4.8 × 3.7 μm. <i>Laetiporus tenuiculus</i> has mostly solitary, small, thin basidiomes, with pale flesh to pale orange pileus, an incised margin, 4-5 pores/mm, and basidiospores averaging 5.4 × 4.2 µm. A fourth species, known from two isolates from Ethiopian highlands, but for which voucher specimens were not available for description, is uncertain. These four species form an African endemic lineage, whose distribution is Afromountainous.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1083-1100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142470192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Fusarium</i> species associated with <i>Euwallacea xanthopus</i> in South Africa, including two novel species.","authors":"Wilma J Nel, Claire Randolph, Trudy Paap, Brett P Hurley, Bernard Slippers, Irene Barnes, Michael J Wingfield","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2394758","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2394758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are small wood-boring insects that live in an obligate symbiosis with fungi, which serve as their primary food source. Beetles residing in the genus <i>Euwallacea</i> have evolved a unique association with a clade of <i>Fusarium</i> that falls within the aptly named Ambrosia <i>Fusarium</i> Clade (AFC). The discovery of the invasive polyphagous shot hole borer, <i>E. fornicatus</i>, in South Africa, has heightened awareness of ambrosia beetles and their symbionts in the country. In this study, we investigated the <i>Fusarium</i> symbionts of three species of <i>Euwallacea</i> in South Africa, with a specific focus on those associated with <i>E. xanthopus</i>. Isolations of <i>Fusarium</i> strains from both living and dissected beetles yielded nearly 100 isolates. Using multigene phylogenetic analyses, these isolates were identified as six different <i>Fusarium</i> species. <i>Fusarium hypothenemi</i> and <i>F. euwallaceae</i> have previously been reported from South Africa. <i>Fusarium pseudensiforme</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> AF-6 are new records for the country. The remaining two species are new to science and are described here as <i>F. rufum</i> sp. nov. and <i>F. floriferum</i> sp. nov. Targeted fungal isolation from specific beetle body parts revealed that the AFC species collected were typically associated with the dissected beetle heads and helped us identify the likely nutritional symbiont of <i>E. xanthopus</i>. This study highlights the understudied diversity of fungal associates of ambrosia beetles present in South Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1063-1082"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142350347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Four new species of <i>Candolleomyces</i> (Psathyrellaceae) from the Punjab Plains, Pakistan.","authors":"Muhammad Haqnawaz, Muhammad Usman, Aman Javaid, Farkhanda Ramzan, Ayesha Bibi, Abdul Rehman Niazi, Arooj Naseer, Najam Ul Sehar Afshan, Abdul Nasir Khalid","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2374208","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2374208","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study is to explore the genus <i>Candolleomyces</i> from Pakistan. Fungal surveys were conducted in different sites of the Punjab plains during the 2016-2022 period. Several specimens belonging to the family Psathyrellaceae were collected. Traditional morphology and multigene phylogenetic analyses confirmed the novelty and placement of the species in genus <i>Candolleomyces</i>. The phylogenetic study of the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) and partial 28S rRNA regions confirmed the distinct positions of four new taxa, <i>Candolleomyces iqbalii, C. kotadduensis, C. pakistanicus</i>, and <i>C. parvipileus</i>, in the genus. Currently, the genus consists of 43 species worldwide. However, with the inclusion of these four species, the total number has risen to 47. Detailed descriptions, phylogeny, comparisons, and illustrations are provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1033-1045"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141976151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent fieldwork and fungarium studies double known diversity of <i>Chlorosplenium</i> and improve understanding of species distributions.","authors":"Jeffery K Stallman, Peter R Johnston, Edgar B Lickey, Maria Marlin, Tina Melie, C Alisha Quandt, M Catherine Aime, Danny Haelewaters","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2364567","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2364567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Chlorosplenium</i> is a small genus comprising five species of inoperculate discomycetes in the order Helotiales (Leotiomycetes) often recognizable by their bright yellowish-green colors and gregarious growth on wood. In this study, we describe five new species-<i>C. aotearoa, C. australiense, C. cusucoense, C. epimorsicum</i>, and <i>C. hawaiiense</i>-based on a combination of recent fieldwork and examination of previously collected fungarium specimens. We use an integrative taxonomic approach to support the distinction of new species, incorporating morphology and DNA sequence data with biogeography. Macro- and micromorphological features of apothecia for all species and culture characteristics for four of the five new species are documented. A multilocus phylogeny based on nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, partial large subunit nuc ribosomal DNA (28S nuc rDNA), and A-B regions of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (<i>RPB1</i>) gene is presented. Additionally, we report <i>Chlorosplenium chlora</i> from Europe for the first time and expand our knowledge of the diversity and distributions of species in this genus in America, Australia, and New Zealand.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"993-1018"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141982706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reappraisal of <i>Didymella macrostoma</i> causing white tip disease of Canada thistle as a new species, <i>Didymella baileyae</i>, sp. nov., and bioactivity of its major metabolites.","authors":"Elizaveta Lukina, Maria Gomzhina, Anna Dalinova, Vsevolod Dubovik, Ekaterina Gordina, Svetlana Bozhkova, Sergey Smirnov, Alexander Berestetskiy","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2367470","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2367470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioherbicides are expected to be a supplement to integrated pest management, assisting in the control of problematic weed species. For instance, bioherbicides (Phoma and BioPhoma) were recently registered in Canada and the USA for the control of some perennial dicotyledonous weeds in lawns. These products are based on strains of the fungus <i>Didymella macrostoma</i> (syn. <i>Phoma macrostoma</i>) that causes white tip disease (WTD) in Canada thistle (<i>Cirsium arvense</i>). In this study, WTD was reported for the first time in the Russian Federation. Analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuc rDNA and secondary metabolite profiling confirmed the identity of Russian WTD isolates to Canadian biocontrol strains identified as <i>D. macrostoma</i>. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis based on sequencing of the ITS region, partial large subunit nuc rDNA region (28S), RNA polymerase II second largest subunit gene (<i>rpb2</i>), and partial β-tubulin gene (<i>tub2</i>) has differentiated the WTD isolates from <i>C. arvense</i> and <i>D. macrostoma</i> isolates from other plant hosts. Based on phylogenetic, morphological, and chemotaxonomic features, these WTD isolates were described as a new species named <i>Didymella baileyae</i>, sp. nov. This study also demonstrated the low pathogenicity of the ex-type <i>D. baileyae</i> isolate VIZR 1.53 to <i>C. arvense</i> seedlings and its asymptomatic development in the leaves of aboveground shoots. The organic extracts from mycelium and culture filtrate of <i>D. baileyae</i>, as well as macrocidin A and macrocidin Z, displayed phytotoxicity both to <i>C. arvense</i> leaves and seedlings. Macrocidin A was only detected in the naturally infected leaf tissues of <i>C. arvense</i> showing WTD symptoms. Macrocidins A and Z demonstrated low antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, exhibiting no entomotoxic properties. The data obtained within this study on the pathogenicity and metabolites of <i>D. baileyae</i> may be important for the rational evaluation of its prospects as a biocontrol agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"877-902"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142044060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2401755","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2401755","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1110"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142291406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community structure and assembly of myxomycetes in northern Chinese forests under geographic barriers.","authors":"Gu Rao, Wen-Long Song, Shu-Zhen Yan, Shuang-Lin Chen","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2386231","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2386231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study of myxomycete biogeography has a long-standing history and has consistently drawn scholarly interest. Nevertheless, studies focusing specifically on the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of myxomycete diversity are relatively limited, with even fewer investigating the mechanisms driving the generation and maintenance of myxomycete diversity. Therefore, this study selected two geographically distant sampling sites within northern Chinese forests to investigate myxomycete species composition, community structure, environmental drivers, and assembly patterns under geographic barriers. We established plots in the Altai Mountains (ALE) and the Greater Khingan Mountains (GKM), gathered bark and litter, and conducted 80-day moist chamber cultures of myxomycetes. Additionally, myxomycete specimens were collected in the field simultaneously to supplement the data set. This study collected 541 myxomycete specimens belonging to 73 species from 28 genera, spanning 12 families and eight orders. The ALE and the GKM had 20 identical species, accounting for 27% of the total species. Myxomycetes from both regions exhibited abundant occurrence 18 days after cultivation, with the quantity on bark substrates notably higher than on litter. <i>Arcyria pomiformis</i> and <i>Comatricha elegans</i> were the most common species in moist chamber cultures. Mantel test outcomes revealed that environmental factors had no significant impact on myxomycete community similarity between the two areas, aligning with findings from the neutral community model analysis, indicating a predominant influence of stochastic processes on myxomycete community structure in moist chamber cultures. This study represents the first application of a quantitative framework to analyze myxomycete community assembly cultivated in moist chambers.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"903-914"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142109598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic analyses show the Select Agent Coniothyrium glycines represents a single species that has significant morphological and genetic variation.","authors":"Rachel A Koch Bach,Harun M Murithi,Danny Coyne,Steven J Clough","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2383114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2024.2383114","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean red leaf blotch (RLB), caused by the fungus Coniothyrium glycines, represents a foliar disease of soybean that is thus far restricted to Africa. The fungus is listed as a Select Agent by the Federal Select Agent Program because it could pose a severe threat to plant health were it to establish in the United States. Previous work uncovered tremendous molecular diversity at the internal transcribed spacer region, suggesting that there may be multiple species causing RLB. To determine whether multiple species cause RLB, we reconstructed the phylogeny of C. glycines and taxonomic allies using sequence data from four genes. We included 33 C. glycines isolates collected from six African countries and determined that all isolates form a well-supported, monophyletic lineage. Within this lineage there are at least six well-supported clades that largely correspond to geography, with one clade exclusively composed of isolates from Ethiopia, another exclusively composed of isolates from Uganda, and four composed of isolates from southern Africa. However, we did not detect any concordance for these clades between the four genes, indicating that all isolates included in this analysis are representative of a single species. Isolates in the Ethiopia clade are morphologically distinct from isolates in the other clades, as they produce larger sclerotia and smaller pycnida and more sclerotia in planta. Additionally, ancestral range estimations suggest that the C. glycines lineage emerged in southern Africa. These results show that there is significantly more genetic and morphological diversity than was initially suspected with this high-consequence fungal plant pathogen.","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":"28 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}