Mycologia最新文献

{"title":"<i>Joblinomyces undulatus</i>, sp. nov., a novel anaerobic fungus from the feces of a Boer goat.","authors":"Julia Vinzelj, Alexandria Morris, Emma E England, Mostafa S Elshahed, Noha H Youssef","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2687342","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2687342","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Members of the phylum Neocallimastigomycota, often referred to as anaerobic gut fungi (AGF), primarily inhabit the gut of herbivorous animals. To date, 25 AGF genera have been described, but only five harbor more than one species. Here, we report on the isolation and characterization of novel AGF isolates from the feces of a Boer goat. The isolates formed small, mostly round, dense colonies on agar roll tubes and produced flaky, loosely clumped white biomass in liquid medium. Microscopic features included monoflagellated spherical zoospores and monocentric filamentous thallus. Sporangia were spherical or ovoid, although elongated and oddly shaped sporangia were also observed. Zoospore release was observed through ruptures in the sporangial wall. Phylogenetic analysis using the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) and the 28S nuc rDNA D1-D2 region (28S) showed the isolates to be most closely related to <i>Joblinomyces apicalis</i>, the only described species in the genus <i>Joblinomyces</i> (0.00-1.30% divergence in ITS1, 2.50-3.82% in 28S). Transcriptomic sequencing and subsequent analysis of the <i>RPB1</i> (largest subunit of RNA polymerase II) region and average amino acid identity (AAI) value comparison clearly showed a high level of AAI sequence divergence (70.11-75.40%, average 72.53 ± 1.43%) when compared with all other genera within the order Neocallimastigales. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, we propose to accommodate these isolates as a novel species within the genus <i>Joblinomyces</i> and propose the name of <i>Joblinomyces undulatus</i>. The type strain for this species is JC3.3.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1114-1123"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148471888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new species of <i>Licea</i> with capillitium provides new insights into the systematics of the myxomycete family Liceaceae.","authors":"Anna D Luptakova, Fedor M Bortnikov, Ilya S Prikhodko, Yury K Novozhilov, Oleg N Shchepin, Margarita Korzhanova, Giang T H Pham","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2678189","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2678189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Based on a study of sporocarps developed in moist chamber cultures on the bark of <i>Dacrydium elatum</i> collected in Kon Chu Rang Reserve, central Vietnam, we describe a new species, <i>Licea gorgona</i> (Myxomycetes, Liceales). The new species is morphologically distinct from other species of the genus <i>Licea</i> due to its well-developed capillitium threads connected to the peridial margins, minute sporocarps with dark brown spore mass, circumscissile dehiscence via preformed ridges, and spores with ephemeral, rounded warts that detach readily, creating irregularly smooth (\"bald\") patches. Apart from the morphological study, partial sequences of the nuclear ribosome small subunit 18S rRNA gene (18S nuc rDNA), mitochondrial cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase subunit I gene (<i>cox1</i>), mitochondrial small subunit ribosomal gene (17S mt rDNA), and elongation factor-1 alpha gene (<i>EF1α</i>) were also provided. A multigene phylogenetic analysis places <i>L. gorgona</i> within the Lucisporomycetidae clade with other <i>Licea</i> species. We interpret capillitium in <i>L. gorgona</i> as plesiomorphic retention, contrasting with its apomorphic reduction in most other <i>Licea</i> species. Consequently, we propose revising the taxonomic diagnoses of the order Liceales and family Liceaceae to explicitly encompass species with a well-developed capillitium. However, due to the absence of molecular data for <i>Listerella paradoxa</i> and the majority of described <i>Licea</i> species, coupled with unconfirmed plasmodium morphology in <i>L. paradoxa</i>, we defer formal conclusions on the taxonomic status of <i>Listerella</i> and a comprehensive revision of the <i>Licea</i> circumscription.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1040-1063"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148620675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First fossil evidence of sooty molds from India and their significance.","authors":"Sampa Kundu, Entaj Tarafder, Samantha C Karunarathna, Mahasin Ali Khan","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2665546","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2665546","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sooty molds are produced by complex species mixtures of epifoliar, saprotrophic Pezizomycotina. While amber deposits dominate their fossil record, direct evidence on fossilized angiosperm leaves has remained elusive. This study describes seven distinct morphotypes of sooty molds, including moniliform hyphae, setae, pycnidia, and setose sporocarps, preserved in situ on angiosperm leaf cuticles from the Late Miocene Siwalik deposits (ca. 12-8 Ma) of Himachal Pradesh, India. These specimens provide the first direct evidence of multispecies sooty mold communities associated with angiosperm surfaces in the fossil record. This discovery confirms that the saprotrophic epiphyllous habit was well established in Siwalik Miocene forests, offering significant insights into the evolutionary history and paleoecological interactions of these fungal communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"980-986"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148143858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New findings on ascus structure reveal forcible spore discharge mechanism in the fungal wheat pathogen <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>.","authors":"Iffa Gaffoor, Caleb Oliver Bedsole, Soumya Moonjely, Corrie Andries, Brian D Shaw, Frances Trail","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2678062","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2678062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungi in the phylum Ascomycota disperse their sexual spores primarily by forcible discharge from the spore sac, the ascus, in which they develop. These fungi cause some of the most devastating diseases of agricultural crops worldwide. The mechanism of spore discharge is not well understood, despite its primary role in disease spread. Using confocal microscopy, we have elucidated the ascus structure and development as related to function for spore dispersal in <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>, a pathogen of small grains and corn. To determine the mechanism of spore discharge in this species, we examined ascus structure in both wild-type and spore discharge mutant strains and revealed the presence of two chambers within the ascus: a stiff-walled lower chamber that supports the developing spores and an upper chamber, extendable due to the presence of a chitin network across the surface that maintains the integrity of the sac as it is pressurized. The upper chamber includes an internal chute to confine and align the spores, while pressure builds up, with a minimum amount of fluid. Elucidation of the basis of spore dispersal for a member of this major group of fungi provides a solid beginning for exploring forcible discharge throughout this phylum. Previous studies have shown that the requirement for turgor is conserved, although the osmoticum may differ. This information will likely facilitate the development of new approaches to managing the spread of pathogenic species by targeting the very processes that allow them to efficiently colonize new environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1027-1039"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148436994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Fusarium xyrophilum</i> facilitates its dispersal by exploiting sensory biases of generalist insects through pseudoflowers.","authors":"Terry J Torres-Cruz, Tristan M Cofer, Laura M Kaminsky, Lauren A Ré, Jack R Johnson, Alexis Vaughn, James H Tumlinson, Imane Laraba, Robert H Proctor, Hye-Seon Kim, Terrence H Bell, M Catherine Aime, Michael J Skvarla, David M Geiser","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2668460","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2668460","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fungus <i>Fusarium xyrophilum</i> produces flower-like structures (i.e. pseudoflowers) composed entirely of mycelia on yellow-eyed grasses (<i>Xyris</i> spp.), including <i>X. surinamensis</i> in Guyana. Whether these pseudoflowers function as true mimics that attract insects for fungal propagule dispersal remains unknown. We evaluated the potential of <i>F. xyrophilum</i> to influence insect visitation patterns by (i) documenting insect visits to real flowers and pseudoflowers on <i>X. surinamensis</i> in the field in Guyana, (ii) assessing the presence of <i>F. xyrophilum</i> DNA on insect bodies, and (iii) analyzing volatile emissions from flowers and pseudoflowers. During our field work, a broad range of generalist insects (i.e. Vespidae, Formicidae, Salticidae, Acrididae, and Tetrigidae) visited the flowers and pseudoflowers, which notably shared some insect visitors (i.e. meadow katydids, carpenter ants, and geometer moths). Some of these insects were observed chewing on the flowers and pseudoflowers. <i>Fusarium xyrophilum</i> DNA was detected on the bodies of captured insects using conventional and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Volatile profiles of pseudoflowers and flowers were largely similar, except for a sesquiterpene, putatively identified as α-gurjunene, which was emitted by pseudoflowers and pure cultures of <i>F. xyrophilum</i> but not <i>Xyris</i> flowers. These findings support the role of insect visitors as vectors of <i>F. xyrophilum</i> propagules and suggest that the fungus may attract and use generalist insects by exploiting their preexisting sensory biases for <i>Xyris</i> floral signals rather than true mimicry.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"950-968"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148211961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2691677","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2691677","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148397345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Passage through the sclerotial stage does not impose persistent transcriptional reprogramming in <i>Physarum</i>.","authors":"Kentaro Tsuchida, Mana Masui, Nobuaki Kono","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2683309","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2683309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sclerotia are dormant structures formed from plasmodia under dehydration and metabolic arrest, but the extent to which passage through the sclerotial stage leaves lasting changes in transcriptional states remains unclear. Here, we compared plasmodial transcriptomes of <i>Physarum polycephalum</i> and <i>P. rigidum</i> before and after sclerotium formation and reactivation. No differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in <i>P. rigidum</i>, whereas 519 DEGs were identified in <i>P. polycephalum</i>. In both species, the variation observed among pre-sclerotium replicates (294 and 1497 DEGs, respectively) exceeded the changes detected between pre- and post-sclerotial states. These results indicate that passage through the sclerotial stage does not impose large-scale or persistent changes on global transcriptional profiles under the conditions tested.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"987-996"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148412407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Menadione (2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) induces oxidative stress to regulate growth and ochratoxin A biosynthesis in <i>Aspergillus westerdijkiae</i> fc-1.","authors":"Yanling Ma, Yuhong Yan, Tanvir Ahmad, Muyuan Zhuang, Yingyao Deng, Guangyou Tan, Dingcong Gao, Yang Liu","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2683310","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2683310","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Aspergillus westerdijkiae</i> fc-1 is a foodborne fungus that produces ochratoxin A (OTA), a toxic and potentially carcinogenic mycotoxin posing serious food safety and health risks. This study investigated the impact of the oxidative stress-inducing agent menadione (2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) on <i>A. westerdijkiae</i> fc-1 growth and OTA biosynthesis. Wild-type (WT) and <i>ΔOTAbZIP</i> (<i>OTAbZIP</i> knockout) mutant strains of <i>A. westerdijkiae</i> fc-1 were exposed to varying concentrations of menadione (0, 0.05, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 mmol/L) to evaluate their oxidative stress responses. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify OTA production, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to determine the relative expression levels of the OTA biosynthetic genes (<i>otaA</i>-<i>D</i>) and the <i>HOG1</i> gene. Increasing menadione concentrations significantly inhibited both fungal growth and OTA production. At 0.75 mmol/L, fungal growth inhibition reached 88.91% (WT) and 88.89% (ΔOTAbZIP) at 6 dpi. OTA production in the WT strain decreased significantly with increasing menadione concentrations and was undetectable at ≥ 0.50 mmol/L. qRT-PCR analysis showed up-regulation of the <i>HOG1</i> gene at higher menadione levels. In the WT strain, <i>HOG1</i> expression increased at 0.25 mmol/L, whereas in the <i>ΔOTAbZIP</i> mutant it was elevated at both 0.25 and 0.50 mmol/L, indicating activation of the HOG-MAPK (high-osmolarity glycerol-mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway under oxidative stress. These results demonstrate that menadione inhibits both fungal growth and OTA biosynthesis in <i>A. westerdijkiae</i> fc-1 and implicate oxidative stress signaling in the regulation of OTA production. The <i>ΔOTAbZIP</i> mutant of <i>A. westerdijkiae</i> fc-1, which lacks the <i>OTAbZIP</i> transcription factor, showed restricted growth and failed to produce OTA. Compared with the wild type, the mutant exhibited higher <i>HOG1</i> expression, whereas the OTA biosynthetic genes (<i>otaA</i>-<i>D</i>) were significantly down-regulated. This study advances understanding of OTA regulation and provides a basis for controlling its contamination in agriculture and food systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"926-933"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148412437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Six newly described Inocybaceae from North America.","authors":"Sigrid Jakob, Scott Ostuni, Kyle Canan, Linas V Kudzma, P Brandon Matheny","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2685369","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2685369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Six new species of Inocybaceae from North America are described as new. Most are common and widespread throughout eastern North America. Phylogenetic analyses of nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS), harnessing numerous community science records, together with nuc 28S rDNA support the phylogenetic distinctiveness of each species with strong support values. Sequences of additional genetic loci, including RNA polymerase II largest subunit (<i>rpb1</i>) and second largest subunit (<i>rpb2</i>), were also produced to supplement the descriptions and strengthen future phylogenetic studies. Of these new taxa, three are described in <i>Inocybe: I. albofusca</i>, a smooth-spored species in the Flocculosa clade; <i>I. communis</i>, a nodulose-spored species in the Xanthomelas clade; and <i>I. lincoffii</i>, a nodulose-spored species in <i>I</i>. subsect. <i>Napipedinae. Inosperma aureiavis</i> is a member of the Maculatum clade, whereas <i>Pseudosperma aurivetum</i> is a member of the Umbrinellum clade. <i>Mallocybe diabolica</i> is a narrow-range endemic known only from southeastern Arizona and Mexico and is allied with the Heimii clade. Complete descriptions and illustrations are presented for each species.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1087-1113"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148669881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyrodiversity-biodiversity hypothesis and soil fungi-barking up the wrong tree or only at the wrong time?","authors":"Ari Jumpponen, Sam Fox, Jacob Hopkins, Benjamin Sikes","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2667558","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2026.2667558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing frequency and severity of wildfires has necessitated assessing fire effects on soil systems. Variation in fuel loads and fire effects create landscape mosaics with distinct abiotic properties, a heterogeneity that has been dubbed pyrodiversity. Expanding on the pyrodiversity framework, the <i>pyrodiversity-biodiversity hypothesis</i> posits that pyrodiversity increases niche diversity, thereby promoting biodiversity. This hypothesis, however, has remained untested for soil microbes and microeukaryotes. We explored this hypothesis for soil fungal communities using pre- and post-fire data from three empirical fuel load manipulations and across a total of five different vegetation contexts. We first compared pre- and post-fire abiotic heterogeneity to test whether fuel load manipulations would lead to greater environmental heterogeneity, particularly in soil properties. We then tested whether such manipulations led to greater fungal biodiversity as measured by fungal richness, β-diversity, and community dispersion. Labile abiotic soil resource (e.g. plant available phosphorus and inorganic nitrogen) heterogeneity increased post-fire, but this effect depended on the experimental context. In contrast, we observed little evidence for pyrodiversity-associated increases in post-fire fungal richness or diversity; community dispersion increased only in the study with the most extreme fuel load manipulations. Although our analyses did not clearly answer whether pyrodiversity begets biodiversity, our results highlight the nuances of soil responses to fire. Pyrodiversity-biodiversity linkages appear to depend on the system and on the diversity metric: the hypothesis had no support based on fungal richness, but community dispersion provided some support, even if only in one experiment. Understanding system-specific responses may be particularly important as fires increase in systems where they have been suppressed or have been historically rare.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"934-949"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148150401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}