Mycologia最新文献

{"title":"Aquatic <i>Xylaria</i>: an exotic fungus introduced into the United States on aquarium decorative wood.","authors":"Robert A Blanchette, Nickolas N Rajtar, Henry Yandrasits, Kira Cassidy Stephens, Benjamin W Held","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2451522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2025.2451522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined fungi with <i>Xylaria</i>-like morphology on submerged decorative wood in freshwater aquariums in Minnesota and Colorado. The wood was sold in retail stores in the United States but originated from Asia. The submerged wood had black stromatic melanized structures with white tips that grew out from the wood. As colonization progressed, the fungus produced more melanized structures along the entire length of the wood and moved to new wood placed in the aquariums. Cut segments from the fungal structures and from the colonized wood were cultured in malt extract agar supplemented with antibiotics. Pure cultures obtained were used for DNA extraction, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was performed using ITS1F-ITS4. Sequences were compared against the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) nucleotide database using BLASTn. Isolates from the fungal structures and wood obtained from the Minnesota and Colorado aquariums were all found to be <i>Xylaria apoda</i>, a fungus not previously reported from the United States. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the aquarium isolates of <i>Xylaria</i> cluster within a well-supported clade of <i>Xylaria apoda</i>. These <i>Xylaria</i> had grown in a completely aquatic habitat, producing fruiting body-like structures for several years in the freshwater aquariums. Asexual spores were not observed but may have been disseminated into the water as they are formed. Asci and ascospores were also not observed. <i>Xylaria apoda</i> has been reported only from Asia, and it is usually found in terrestrial habitats. This report adds to our knowledge of <i>Xylaria</i> that can grow in a completely underwater environment and focuses attention on an avenue for exotic fungi to be brought into new countries where they are not native. These results also contribute to the growing body of evidence that <i>X. apoda</i> is an ecologically versatile species, capable of thriving in diverse environments, including artificial habitats such as freshwater aquariums.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychrophilic fungi from the world's roof, II: Species delimitation within an integrative taxonomic framework.","authors":"Shaohui Zhang, Shuqing Liu, Xiaoguang Li, Qi-Ming Wang, Hui Tang, Manman Wang","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2450857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2025.2450857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Southeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which harbors large numbers of marine glaciers and spans across two worldwide \"biodiversity hotspots,\" is facing massive habitat loss in the context of global warming, and the biodiversity of coldadapted fungi in this unique area is also suffering drastic reduction. In this study, we selected 23 fungal isolates that represented the most commonly encountered psychrophilic taxa isolated from soil or water samples of marine glaciers in the southeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for detailed taxonomic studies. Incorporating morphological characteristics, multilocus phylogenetic analyses, and the results of four widely used molecular species delimitation methods, including two distance-based: Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) and Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP), and two tree-based: Bayesian Poisson Tree Processes (bPTP) and generalized mixed Yule coalescent model (GMYC), seven <i>Gelida</i> (formerly <i>Psychrophila</i>) species, including six new species, and two <i>Tetracladium</i> species, including one new species, were described. As the genus name <i>Psychrophila</i> is an illegitimate later homonym of a plant genus, we proposed the new name <i>Gelida</i> as a replacement for <i>Psychrophila</i> and transferred four illegitimate <i>Psychrophila</i> species to <i>Gelida</i> as new combinations. Our study provides a valuable perspective on how to delimit robust and accurate species boundaries within an integrative taxonomic framework, which is especially important for efficient biodiversity assessment and conservation of the fungal groups that are facing serious habitat loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the genome of <i>Sarcoleotia globosa</i> encode a rich carbohydrate-active enzyme gene repertoire?","authors":"Takashi Baba, Ryo Hagiuda, Hiromi Matsumae, Dai Hirose","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2452305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2025.2452305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The lifestyles of the order Geoglossales (Geoglossomycetes, Ascomycota) remain largely unknown. Recent observations support ericoid mycorrhizal lifestyles, especially in cultured <i>Sarcoleotia</i>-related species. However, the currently known genomes of geoglossoid fungi encode fewer carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) in Pezizomycotina, in contrast to the abundant CAZyme repertoires found in well-known ericoid mycorrhizal fungi. The absence of assembled genomes for cultured geoglossoid fungi hinders our understanding of the genomic features related to their lifestyles. We hypothesize that the genome of <i>Sarcoleotia globosa</i>, a putative ericoid mycorrhizal fungus, encodes abundant CAZymes, consistent with its culturability. General features, such as smaller genome size and smaller number of genes, are shared between the genome of <i>S. globosa</i> strain NBRC 116039 and other geoglossalean genomes. However, the former had the most extensive CAZyme repertoire, with several enzyme families involved in plant cell wall degradation. Some of these CAZymes are not found in Geoglossales and closely related lineages. Nonetheless, the number of CAZymes from <i>S. globosa</i> was notably smaller than that previously reported in ericoid mycorrhizal fungi. This inconsistency may highlight not only ecophysiological variation among ericoid root mycobionts but also the specific evolution of lifestyles in Geoglossales.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143391201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The good fight: <i>Minimedusa polyspora</i> and <i>Chaetomium globosum</i> effectively antagonize phytopathogenic fungi in in vitro conditions.","authors":"Veronica Spinelli, Andrea Ceci, Roberto Giovannini, Fabio Sciubba, Anna Maria Persiani","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2445759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2024.2445759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, <i>Minimedusa polyspora</i> and <i>Chaetomium globosum</i> and their metabolites were assessed in vitro for their ability to inhibit growth of <i>Alternaria alternata, Berkeleyomyces basicola</i>, and <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, gaining insights into their biocontrol mechanisms. A dual culture, an assay for volatile antimicrobial compounds effectiveness (performed in two different conditions), and a culture filtrate antifungal assay were designed to discriminate the involved mechanisms. Moreover, the culture filtrates of these strains were assessed for fungistatic and fungicidal activities (determining also the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum fungicidal concentration) and for the occurrence of siderophores. The results show that both <i>M. polyspora</i> and <i>C. globosum</i> inhibited, to different extents, growth of all the pathogens in the plate assays. Both culture filtrates showed fungistatic and fungicidal activities, pointing to the release of diffusible compounds as an involved biocontrol mechanism. Based on the results of this study, <i>M. polyspora</i> and <i>C. globosum</i> are promising bioprotection agents of these phytopathogens and species of interest for further studies aimed at validating their potential in in vivo conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High overlap in the richness and composition of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities associated with <i>Corylus</i> shrubs and co-occurring <i>Quercus</i> and <i>Pinus</i> trees.","authors":"Peter G Kennedy, Dyonishia J Nieves, Kelcie Paige Walther, Soren Matney, Eivind K Ronold","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2445110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2024.2445110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite being present in many North American forest understories, the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities associated with <i>Corylus</i> shrubs have received no prior study. To address this knowledge gap, we characterized the ECM fungal communities on roots of <i>Corylus</i> shrubs as well as co-occurring <i>Quercus</i> and <i>Pinus</i> trees in Minnesota, USA. ECM-colonized root tips from pairs of <i>Corylus</i> shrubs and four ECM tree species, <i>Quercus macrocarpa, Quercus ellipsoidalis, Pinus strobus</i>, and <i>Pinus resinosa</i>, growing in close proximity (<1 m), were sampled at the Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve. ECM fungal communities were assessed using high-throughput sequencing of the ITS2 region. ECM fungal operational taxonomic unit (OTU) richness was equivalent among the two <i>Quercus</i> species and their associated <i>Corylus</i> shrubs, but significantly higher on <i>P. strobus</i>-associated <i>Corylus</i> shrubs compared with <i>P. strobus, P. resinosa</i>, and <i>P. resinosa</i>-associated <i>Corylus</i> shrubs. ECM fungal community composition on <i>Corylus</i> shrubs largely mirrored that on each of the <i>Quercus</i> and <i>Pinus</i> species, although the two <i>Pinus</i> communities were significantly different from each other. Further, the same ECM fungal OTUs were commonly encountered on paired <i>Corylus</i>-tree host samples, suggesting a high potential for co-colonization by the same fungal individuals. Collectively, these results support the growing consensus that woody understory plants often associate with similar ECM fungal communities as co-occurring tree hosts regardless of phylogenetic relatedness.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143071065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiling for species-specific characterization and detection of fungal pathogens that cause tree and grapevine trunk diseases.","authors":"Christopher M Wallis, Kendra Baumgartner","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2439753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2024.2439753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungal trunk diseases are of major concern for tree fruit, nut, and grape growers throughout the world. These diseases include Eutypa dieback of grape, caused by <i>Eutypa lata</i>, band canker of almond, caused by <i>Neofusicoccum mediterraneum</i> and <i>Neofusicoccum parvum</i>, and twig and branch dieback of walnut, caused by <i>N. mediterraneum</i>, Botryosphaeria dieback of grape, caused by <i>Diplodia mutila, Diplodia seriata, N. mediterraneum</i>, and <i>N. parvum</i>, and esca of grape, caused by <i>Phaeomoniella chlamydospora</i> and <i>Phaeoacremonium minimum</i>. Given the common occurrence of mixed infections, and the similar wood symptoms at the macroscopic level, species-specific detection tools are needed. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiling can be an effective and inexpensive diagnostic tool. FAME analyses were conducted on pure cultures of multiple isolates per species to characterize profiles and assess whether this technique could result in consistent identification. FAME profiles were dominated by oleic acid (18:1 ω9c) and palmitic acid (16:0), with less abundant FAMEs in different ratios for each species and isolates within species. Canonical discriminant analyses revealed which minor FAMEs were most variable, with a total of 20 different FAMEs that can explain 69.01% of profile variance in the first two canonicals. Using these analyses, samples were self-tested and correctly sorted 97.18% of the time. Within species, canonical discriminant analyses were able to separate isolates further, often by original geographic location or by host plant species. These results further suggest that potential novel species, subspecies, or races may be present among the isolates analyzed, demonstrating the capacity of FAME profiling to have a role in discovering cryptic species and accurately identifying fungal pathogens in conjunction with other molecular techniques and genomic analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genus <i>Hermatomyces</i> in Benin, with the description of <i>H. griseomarginatus</i>, sp. nov.","authors":"Ondřej Koukol, Gregorio Delgado, Affoussatou Tabé, Nourou Soulemane Yorou","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2433367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2024.2433367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intensive mycological surveys in southern Benin focused on species of <i>Hermatomyces</i> (Pleosporales) resulted in the collection and sequencing of numerous specimens on dead plant debris of different hosts. Majority of the collections belonged to the monomorphic species <i>H. sphaericus</i>, except for two specimens of a hitherto unknown species, which is introduced as <i>Hermatomyces griseomarginatus</i>. The fungus was collected on dead twig of <i>Hymenocardia acida</i> still attached to the tree and dead peduncle of <i>Tectona grandis</i>. It is distinct in having sporodochia with a dense and dark gray margin enclosing their lenticular conidia. Phylogenetically, it formed a well-supported lineage sister to two other monomorphic species, <i>H. verrucosus</i> and <i>H. sphaericoides</i>. Two dimorphic species were also found, <i>H. krabiensis</i> and <i>H. nabanheensis</i>, which are reported for the first time outside of Asia. Detailed morphological descriptions are provided, and the diversity of <i>Hermatomyces</i> in Benin is summarized based on published data and results from the GlobalFungi database.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142951472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of Erysiphaceae, part 6: <i>Erysiphe</i> (the \"<i>Microsphaera</i> lineage\" part 2).","authors":"Michael Bradshaw, Uwe Braun, James K Mitchell, Uma Crouch, Scott LaGreca, Donald H Pfister","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2386230","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2386230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is the sixth contribution in a series devoted to the phylogeny and taxonomy of powdery mildews. This part includes our third treatment of the species of the genus <i>Erysiphe</i>. It continues the previous contribution on the phylogenetic-taxonomic assessment of the species belonging to the \"<i>Microsphaera</i> lineage.\" Since this is a large lineage, we have split the treatment of the \"<i>Microsphaera</i> lineage\" into two parts. Phylogenetic trees based on rDNA are supplemented by sequences of additional markers (<i>CAM, GAPDH, GS, RPB2</i>, and <i>TUB</i>). The \"<i>Erysiphe trifoliorum</i> complex\" is a challenging group that belongs to the \"<i>Microsphaera</i> lineage.\" Adequate clarification of this complex will be possible when additional worldwide multilocus sequence analyses are performed. The new species <i>Erysiphe acetosae, E. acmisponis, E. lathyrina, E. salmoniana</i>, and <i>E. santalicola</i> are described, and the new combinations <i>E. biuncinata</i> and <i>E. pavoniae</i> are introduced. Specimens of several species have been sequenced for the first time, particularly North American species, such as <i>Erysiphe caryae, E. ceanothi, E. juglandis-nigrae</i>, and <i>E. ravenelii. Erysiphe syringae</i> is lectotypified and 15 species names are epitypified in order to provide ex-epitype reference sequences. For other species, non-ex-type reference sequences are proposed for phylogenetic-taxonomic purposes. Ex-type sequences for <i>Erysiphe baptisiicola, E. sesbaniae, Microsphaera sydowiana, M. umbilici</i>, and <i>Oidium pavoniae</i> have been retrieved.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"110-165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142575778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new species of <i>Diacheopsis</i> (Myxomycetes) and a new habitat for myxomycetes.","authors":"Henrik F Gøtzsche, Bernard Woerly, Flavius Popa, Oleg N Shchepin, Ilya S Prikhodko, Ángela López-Villalba, Jan Woyzichovski, Lothar Krieglsteiner, Yuri K Novozhilov, Anja Klahr, Martin Schnittler","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2413343","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2413343","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We describe a new species, <i>Diacheopsis resinae</i> (Myxomycetes), collected from a microhabitat new for myxomycetes: stem wounds of coniferous trees (Norway spruce) where the resin is overgrown with a community of resinicolous fungi. The 80 known collections come from the Vosges (France), the Black Forest (Germany), Swabian Alp (Germany), and several localities in Denmark and Norway. Observations, but as well as metabarcoding of substrate samples with fungal (ITS [internal transcribed spacer]), bacterial (16S rDNA), and myxomycete (18S nuc rDNA) primers from eight trunks, revealed the new myxomycete to co-occur with resin-degrading ascomycetes (<i>Infundichalara microchona, Lophium arboricola, Zythia resinae</i>). The gram-negative bacterial genera <i>Endobacter</i> and <i>Sphingomonas</i> were found to be abundant in the substrate and may be a food source for the myxomycete. Fruit bodies were found mostly during the more humid winter season, with a peak in January/February. Partial sequences of two independent molecular markers (18S nuc rDNA, <i>EF1α</i> [elongation factor 1-alpha] gene) were obtained for 41 accessions, which form a monophyletic cluster in a two-gene phylogeny of Stemonititidales but do not group with other species of <i>Diacheopsis</i>, thus rendering this genus paraphyletic. The new species, although exclusively developing sessile sporocarps and morphologically undoubtedly falling into the genus <i>Diacheopsis</i>, is most closely related to species of <i>Lamproderma</i>, especially <i>L. album, L. zonatum</i>, and <i>L. zonatopulchellum</i>. Within <i>D. resinae</i>, three groups can be differentiated, which show nearly complete reproductive isolation, as judged from a recombination analysis of the two unlinked markers and the allelic combinations of the <i>EF1α</i> gene.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"183-200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of a bipolar sexual compatibility system in <i>Marasmius</i>.","authors":"Markus Hiltunen Thorén, Aleksandar Stanojković, Martin Ryberg, Hanna Johannesson","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2425583","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2425583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sexual compatibility in the Basidiomycota is governed by genetic identity at one or two loci, resulting in compatibility systems called bipolar and tetrapolar. The loci are known as <i>HD</i> and <i>P/R</i>, encoding homeodomain transcription factors and pheromone precursors and receptors, respectively. Bipolarity is known to evolve either by linkage of the two loci or by loss of mating-type determination of either the <i>HD</i> or the <i>P/R</i> locus. The ancestor to basidiomycete fungi is thought to have been tetrapolar, and many transitions to bipolarity have been described in different lineages. In the diverse genus <i>Marasmius</i> (Agaricales), both compatibility systems are found, and the system has been shown to follow the infrageneric sections of the genus, suggesting a single origin of bipolarity. Here, we tested this hypothesis using a comprehensive phylogenetic framework and investigated the mode by which bipolarity has evolved in this group. We utilized available genomic data and marker sequences to investigate evolution of sexual compatibility in <i>Marasmius</i> and allied genera. By generating a concatenated multilocus phylogeny, we found support for a single transition to known bipolarity within <i>Marasmius</i>. Furthermore, utilizing genomic data of the bipolar species <i>Marasmius oreades</i>, we found that the <i>HD</i> and <i>P/R</i> loci likely have remained unlinked through this transition. By comparing nucleotide diversity at the <i>HD</i> and <i>P/R</i> loci in <i>Ma. oreades</i>, we show that the <i>HD</i> locus has retained high diversity, and thus likely the function of determining sexual identity, as similarly in other bipolar mushroom-forming fungi. Finally, we describe the genomic architecture of the <i>MAT</i> loci of species of both sexual compatibility systems in Marasmiaceae and related families.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"19-33"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142813722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}