Mycologia最新文献

{"title":"A new species of true morel from Switzerland: <i>Morchella helvetica</i>, sp. nov.","authors":"Melissa Cravero, Gregory Bonito, Patrick S Chain, Saskia Bindschedler, Pilar Junier","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2397932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2024.2397932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Morchella helvetica</i>, sp. nov. (<i>Morchella</i> sect. <i>Distantes</i>) is a new species of true morels discovered in Switzerland. It is formally described in the present study using an integrative approach based on micro- and macromorphological characteristics, multilocus phylogenetics, and a brief description of its habitat. Molecular analyses clearly indicated that <i>Morchella helvetica</i> is a sister species to <i>M. eximioides, M. angusticeps</i>, and <i>M. confusa</i>. It can be distinguished by the two phylogenetic markers RNA polymerase II subunit 2 (<i>RPB2</i>) and translation elongation factor-1 alpha <i>(TEF1-α</i>). In addition, <i>M. helvetica</i> exhibits particular morphological features, notably the presence of pale hairs on the pileus, a mealy stipe, and darkening ridges when aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142470220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Laetiporus</i> (Laetiporaceae, Basidiomycota) in tropical Africa is represented by a single Afromontane lineage and four species, including <i>Laetiporus discolor, Laetiporus oboensis</i>, sp. nov., <i>Laetiporus tenuiculus</i>, sp. nov., and <i>Laetiporus</i> sp. 1.","authors":"Jean-Claude Rizinde Hakizimana, Mario Amalfi, Alphonse Balezi, Cony Decock","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2395688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2024.2395688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The tropical African <i>Laetiporus</i> species are revised, based on morphological, ecological, distribution, and phylogenetic data. <i>Laetiporus discolor</i>, originally described from insular Mauritius, is accepted for the species spanning over the African eastern mountain ranges. <i>Laetiporus oboensis</i> and <i>Laetiporus tenuiculus</i> are described as new from the African equatorial insular São Tomé, based on phylogenetic, morphological, and distribution data. <i>Laetiporus oboensis</i> is characterized by compound basidiomes, with densely imbricated pilei in pale orange tint, a lobed margin, 3-4 pores/mm, and basidiospores averaging 4.8 × 3.7 μm. <i>Laetiporus tenuiculus</i> has mostly solitary, small, thin basidiomes, with pale flesh to pale orange pileus, an incised margin, 4-5 pores/mm, and basidiospores averaging 5.4 × 4.2 µm. A fourth species, known from two isolates from Ethiopian highlands, but for which voucher specimens were not available for description, is uncertain. These four species form an African endemic lineage, whose distribution is Afromountainous.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142470192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First European records of <i>Puccinia modiolae</i> and <i>P. platyspora</i>, two native South American rust fungi, and new observations on their life cycle and morphology.","authors":"R Berndt, M A G Otálora, M Angulo, J C Zamora","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2395697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2024.2395697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper reports the South American rust fungi <i>Puccinia modiolae</i> and <i>P. platyspora</i> (Pucciniales/Uredinales) as new alien species of the European rust funga. <i>Puccinia modiolae</i> is presently known from Switzerland and Germany, <i>P. platyspora</i> from Switzerland, Germany, and France. The records of <i>P. platyspora</i> are the first ones from outside South America. The specimens were identified by teliospore characters and sequences of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (internal transcribed spacer 2 and domains D1-D2 of the nuclear ribosomal large subunit) and the mitochondrial <i>CO3</i> (cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase III) gene. <i>Puccinia modiolae</i> and <i>P. platyspora</i> have been recorded so far in Europe on members of the genera <i>Alcea</i>, predominantly on <i>Alcea rosea, Althaea</i>, and <i>Malva</i> of the Malvaceae, subfam. Malvoideae. <i>Alcea rosea</i> is host of both species and shared also with the common mallow rust, <i>P. malvacearum</i>, allowing for mixed infections. The plant is commonly grown as an ornamental and may play a major role for the spread of the alien Malvaceae rust fungi. It was observed for the first time that <i>P. platyspora</i> can produce spermogonia and aecidium-type aecia, suggesting phenotypic plasticity regarding the formation of spore states. The observed spermogonia mainly remained closed and did not liberate spermatia. They produced telio- and aeciospores besides spermatia in their cavity and eventually converted entirely into telia or, rarely, into aecidium-like sori. Small clusters of aeciospores and peridial cells were commonly found hidden in the telial plectenchyma, and well-developed aecidium-type aecia provided with a peridium developed rarely in the center of mature telia. Spermogonia belonging to group V type 4 were found in <i>P. malvacearum</i>, which is generally supposed to lack spermogonia. Some spermogonia produced only spermatia in their cavity; others formed spermatia and teliospores, and some eventually converted into telia.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142391851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Fusarium</i> species associated with <i>Euwallacea xanthopus</i> in South Africa, including two novel species.","authors":"Wilma J Nel, Claire Randolph, Trudy Paap, Brett P Hurley, Bernard Slippers, Irene Barnes, Michael J Wingfield","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2394758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2024.2394758","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) are small wood-boring insects that live in an obligate symbiosis with fungi, which serve as their primary food source. Beetles residing in the genus <i>Euwallacea</i> have evolved a unique association with a clade of <i>Fusarium</i> that falls within the aptly named Ambrosia <i>Fusarium</i> Clade (AFC). The discovery of the invasive polyphagous shot hole borer, <i>E. fornicatus</i>, in South Africa, has heightened awareness of ambrosia beetles and their symbionts in the country. In this study, we investigated the <i>Fusarium</i> symbionts of three species of <i>Euwallacea</i> in South Africa, with a specific focus on those associated with <i>E. xanthopus</i>. Isolations of <i>Fusarium</i> strains from both living and dissected beetles yielded nearly 100 isolates. Using multigene phylogenetic analyses, these isolates were identified as six different <i>Fusarium</i> species. <i>Fusarium hypothenemi</i> and <i>F. euwallaceae</i> have previously been reported from South Africa. <i>Fusarium pseudensiforme</i> and <i>Fusarium</i> AF-6 are new records for the country. The remaining two species are new to science and are described here as <i>F. rufum</i> sp. nov. and <i>F. floriferum</i> sp. nov. Targeted fungal isolation from specific beetle body parts revealed that the AFC species collected were typically associated with the dissected beetle heads and helped us identify the likely nutritional symbiont of <i>E. xanthopus</i>. This study highlights the understudied diversity of fungal associates of ambrosia beetles present in South Africa.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142350347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic analyses show the Select Agent Coniothyrium glycines represents a single species that has significant morphological and genetic variation.","authors":"Rachel A Koch Bach,Harun M Murithi,Danny Coyne,Steven J Clough","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2383114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2024.2383114","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean red leaf blotch (RLB), caused by the fungus Coniothyrium glycines, represents a foliar disease of soybean that is thus far restricted to Africa. The fungus is listed as a Select Agent by the Federal Select Agent Program because it could pose a severe threat to plant health were it to establish in the United States. Previous work uncovered tremendous molecular diversity at the internal transcribed spacer region, suggesting that there may be multiple species causing RLB. To determine whether multiple species cause RLB, we reconstructed the phylogeny of C. glycines and taxonomic allies using sequence data from four genes. We included 33 C. glycines isolates collected from six African countries and determined that all isolates form a well-supported, monophyletic lineage. Within this lineage there are at least six well-supported clades that largely correspond to geography, with one clade exclusively composed of isolates from Ethiopia, another exclusively composed of isolates from Uganda, and four composed of isolates from southern Africa. However, we did not detect any concordance for these clades between the four genes, indicating that all isolates included in this analysis are representative of a single species. Isolates in the Ethiopia clade are morphologically distinct from isolates in the other clades, as they produce larger sclerotia and smaller pycnida and more sclerotia in planta. Additionally, ancestral range estimations suggest that the C. glycines lineage emerged in southern Africa. These results show that there is significantly more genetic and morphological diversity than was initially suspected with this high-consequence fungal plant pathogen.","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142254730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic analysis and morphological characteristics of laccate Ganoderma specimens in Finland.","authors":"Marta Cortina-Escribano,Pyry Veteli,Michael John Wingfield,Brenda Diana Wingfield,Martin Petrus Albertus Coetzee,Henri Vanhanen,Riikka Linnakoski","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2381424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2024.2381424","url":null,"abstract":"The Ganoderma lucidum complex includes fungi with similar morphologies but which are thought to represent different species. The lack of available type material and associated absence of multiple locus sequence data has complicated identification of these fungi. The aim of this study was to clarify the identity of the laccate Ganoderma species occurring in Finland by inferring a phylogeny using DNA sequences from available boreal-temperate material. DNA from Finnish isolates together with an older G. lucidum isolate originating from the United Kingdom was sequenced, and the morphological features of the Finnish specimens were examined. The phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), the elongation factor 1-α (tef1), RNA polymerase II subunit (rpb2), and partial β-tubulin (β-tub) genes revealed that the G. lucidum isolate from the United Kingdom did not fall within a well-supported clade with other G. lucidum sequences or related species. The Finnish isolates were closely related to the G. tsugae lineage in tef1, rpb2, and β-tub phylogenies. However, G. tsugae appears morphologically distinct from the Finnish material. The results suggest that G. tsugae, or a species phylogenetically closely related to it, may occur in Finland. But further investigation into the relationship between G. tsugae and G. lucidum from Europe will be needed to clarify the identity of the laccate Ganoderma species in Finland.","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2401755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2024.2401755","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142291406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Alternaria</i> sections <i>Infectoriae and Pseudoalternaria</i>: New genomic resources, phylogenomic analyses, and biodiversity.","authors":"Jeremy R Dettman, Suzanne Gerdis","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2354149","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2354149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Species in <i>Alternaria</i> sections <i>Infectoriae</i> and <i>Pseudoalternaria</i> are commonly isolated from agricultural crops and a variety of other plant hosts. With the increasing appreciation that species from these two sections are often the dominant taxa recovered from important cereal crops, the need for improved understanding of their biodiversity and taxonomy has grown. Given that morphological characteristics and existing molecular markers are not sufficient for distinguishing among species, we expanded the genomic resources for these sections to support research in biosystematics and species diagnostics. Whole genome assemblies for 22 strains were generated, including the first genomes from section <i>Infectoriae</i> or <i>Pseudoalternaria</i> strains sampled from Canada, which significantly increases the number of publicly released genomes, particularly for section <i>Pseudoalternaria</i>. We performed comprehensive phylogenomic analyses of all available genomes (n = 39) and present the first robust phylogeny for these taxa. The segregation of the two sections was strongly supported by genomewide data, and multiple lineages were detected within each section. We then provide an overview of the biosystematics of these groups by analyzing two standard molecular markers from the largest sample of section <i>Infectoriae</i> and <i>Pseudoalternaria</i> strains studied to date. The patterns of relative diversity suggest that, in many cases, multiple species described based on minor morphological differences may actually represent different strains of the same species. A list of candidate loci for development into new informative molecular markers, which are diagnostic for sections and lineages, was created from analyses of phylogenetic signals from individual genes across the entire genome.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141331360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of <i>Pisolithus albus</i> found in saline areas to improve the growth of <i>Eucalyptus</i> seedlings under high salinity conditions.","authors":"Rattima Wanroon, Nisa Leksungnoen, Tharnrat Kaewgrajang","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2360607","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2360607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salinity is an abiotic factor limiting plant fitness and therefore forest crop productivity, and salt-affected areas have been expanding throughout the world. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi can improve the salt tolerance of woody plants, including <i>Eucalyptus</i> species To screen for salt-resistant <i>Pisolithus albus</i> (PA) isolates, 16 PA isolates were cultivated on modified Melin-Norkrans agar containing NaCl at concentrations of 0, 10, 20, and 30 dS m^-1. The <i>P. albus</i> isolate PA33 had the greatest salt resistance under 10 and 20 dS m^-1 NaCl, which are soil salinity levels in salt-affected areas of Thailand. We studied the effect of PA33 on <i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i> × <i>E. pellita</i> cuttings under salt stress (0 and 16 dS m^-1) for 1 month. PA enhanced the growth of the <i>Eucalyptus</i> seedlings, as indicated by higher relative growth rates in height and root collar diameter of inoculated seedlings compared with non-inoculated seedlings. Moreover, the inoculated seedlings had less cell damage from NaCl, as indicated by significantly lesser leaf thickness and electrolyte leakage than the controls. These findings could lead to practices conferring socioeconomic and environmental benefits, as abandoned salt-affected areas could be reclaimed using such <i>Eucalyptus</i> seedlings inoculated with salt-tolerant ECM fungi.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141498450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fossils can reveal a long-vanished combination of character states: Evidence from a mysterious foliicolous anamorphic fungus from the Middle Siwalik (Late Miocene) of Himachal Pradesh, India.","authors":"Sampa Kundu, Mahasin Ali Khan","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2367954","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2367954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fossils can unveil a long-vanished combination of character states that inform inferences about the timing and patterns of diversification of modern fungi. By examining the well-preserved stacked chained vesicular conidiophores developed in clusters from the basal stroma, we describe a new taxon of fossil Zygosporiaceae with a combination of characters unknown among extant taxa on compressed serrated-margined dicot leaf (cf. Fagaceae) recovered from the Siwalik sediments (Late Miocene; ca. 12-8 Ma) of Himachal Pradesh, western Himalaya. Based upon conidiophore morphology, our Siwalik fungal remains, similar to <i>Zygosporium</i> Mont. (Zygosporiaceae: Xylariales: Sordariomycetes), are recognized as a new fossil species, <i>Z. stromaticum</i> Kundu & Khan, sp. nov. <i>Zygosporium stromaticum</i> is the only known fossil anamorphic fungus that occurs on plant cuticles and has a cluster of stacked chained vesicular conidiophores arising from a poorly preserved basal stroma formed by irregular, thick-walled cells. Its combination of morphological characteristics is unknown in extant fungal taxa, so <i>Z. stromaticum</i> likely represents a new anamorphic foliicolous fungus that may now be extinct. This unique evidence may be essential for the calibration of divergence time estimations of fungal lineages.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141723954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}