Mycologia最新文献

{"title":"Effect of climate change on truffle (<i>Tuber</i> species) distribution and host plant interactions in Thailand.","authors":"Warong Suksavate, C Ngernsaengsaruay, M Nipitwattanaphon, S Hasin, C Phosri, I Voraphab, B Sakolrak, P Choosa-Nga, L Nakpong, R Khunkrai, K Bunlerlerd, Tharnrat Kaewgrajang","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2522020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2025.2522020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climate change is an important driver of shifts in species' geographic distributions, including those of several truffle species. Understanding these shifts is essential for effective conservation and sustainable ecosystem management. This study aimed to identify suitable habitats for three <i>Tuber</i> species discovered in Thailand-<i>Tuber lannaense, T. thailandicum</i>, and <i>T. magnatum-</i>and project their future distributions under climate change scenarios. Using MaxEnt modeling and presence-only occurrence data, we predicted current and future suitable habitats under two climate scenarios: SSP1-2.6 (low emissions) and SSP5-8.5 (high emissions) for the year 2050. Annual precipitation (bio12) and mean diurnal range (bio02) were the most influential environmental variables for three <i>Tuber</i> species and their host plants. Currently, suitable habitats for <i>Tuber</i> species and their host trees (<i>Betula alnoides</i> and <i>Carpinus londoniana</i>) are concentrated in mountainous areas of northern and northeastern Thailand, covering approximately 6000 km². By 2050, under both SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, the shared suitable habitat between truffles and their host plants is projected to be completely lost (100%). <i>Carpinus londoniana</i> is expected to lose nearly 100% of its suitable habitat under SSP1-2.6 and retain only 37 km² under SSP5-8.5, whereas <i>B. alnoides</i> shows potential for southward range expansion despite some habitat loss. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted conservation strategies to preserve Thai <i>Tuber</i> species and their symbiotic hosts under changing climatic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144699044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Fusarium neoglobosum</i>, a novel species within the Asian clade of <i>Fusarium fujikuroi</i> complex.","authors":"Tatiana Yu Gagkaeva, Aleksandra S Orina, Olga P Gavrilova","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2516968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2025.2516968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>From 2017 to 2024, 10 strains morphologically similar to <i>Fusarium globosum</i> were obtained from cereals in West Siberia, the Urals, and the Central European region of Russia. This study was conducted to confirm the species identity of the strains morphologically assigned to <i>F</i>. cf. <i>globosum</i>. For this purpose, comparison with <i>F. globosum</i> strain KSU 11554 from South Africa was performed using multilocus analysis, morphological features, growth tests, and production of secondary metabolites. In order to determine phylogenetic relationships, the translation elongation factor 1α, β-tubulin, RNA polymerase II second largest subunit, and histone H3 genes were used. Strains from Japan and Russia formed a separate and well-supported lineage, representing a single, previously undescribed species, described here as <i>F. neoglobosum</i>. Both <i>F. globosum</i> and <i>F. neoglobosum</i> are deeply nested within the Asian clade in the molecular phylogeny of <i>Fusarium fujikuroi</i> species complex. The key character in both species is a formation of globose microconidia in the dark. Opposite mating type idiomorphs was detected in <i>F. globosum</i> and <i>F. neoglobosum</i>, which is indicative of the heterothallic nature of sexual reproduction. Strains described as <i>F. neoglobosum</i> exhibit two mycotoxin-related phenotypes: mycotoxin-producing and non-mycotoxin-producing. Five <i>F. neoglobosum</i> strains and a <i>F. globosum</i> strain were capable of producing a wide range of fumonisins. None of the strains of either species produced moniliformin, and only 2 of 10 <i>F. neoglobosum</i> strains produced detectable beauvericin. The data presented confirm the distribution of <i>F. neoglobosum</i> in East and North Asia, with only one strain isolated from European Russia.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144682794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The new genus of epiphyllous fungi on sequoioid leaves from the Albian-Cenomanian of Western Siberia, Russia.","authors":"N P Maslova, A B Sokolova, E Yu Blagoveshchenskaya, M V Tekleva","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2513195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2025.2513195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Co-evolution of plants and fungi is of great importance for the phylogeny of both groups. Here we establish fossil thyriothecioid stromata on sequoioid (Cupressaceae) leaves from the Albian-Cenomanian of Western Siberia, Russia, which are assigned to the new fossil genus and species, <i>Kiyamyces sequoiae</i>. The new genus is described on the basis of thyriothecioid stromata arising from a host plant stoma, appearing first as a columella and with tendency to be confluent forming crusts. Thyriothecioid stromata are characterized by a \"basal layer,\" a scutellum of radial, septate cells, a pseudoparenchyma inside the thyriothecioid stromata; a prominent hypostroma and an endophytic, septate mycelium. The new data contribute to our understanding of the range of character combinations of early epiphyllous Ascomycota. The newly discovered fungus and the conifer plant in the Cretaceous extend the range of character combinations of early epiphyllous Dothideomycetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144642883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Cystinarius</i>: phylogeny and species diversity in China.","authors":"Zi-Rui Wang, Hong Yu, Zhu L Yang","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2518029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2025.2518029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Cystinarius</i> is a small genus belonging to the family Cortinariaceae, distinguished by its distinctive combination of small basidiospores and presence of both cheilo- and pleurocystidia, a combination that is rarely found in other genera within the Cortinariaceae. To date, this genus consists of only two subgenera and includes seven recognized species. Previously, only a single specimen of <i>Cy. crassus</i> was reported from China. Based on the analysis of 17 newly collected specimens, supported by morphological evidence and two-locus phylogenetic inference, five species, namely, <i>Cy. fulvellus, Cy. longipes, Cy. shennongensis, Cy. crassus</i>, and <i>Cy. paurigarhwalensis</i>, were recognized. Among them, the former three species are new to science, whereas the last one is new to China. This study provides comprehensive taxonomic descriptions and a detailed identification key to the <i>Cystinarius</i> species discovered in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the cryptic Neotropical species of <i>Phaeoclavulina</i> from the Southern Cone: phylogenetic and morphological analysis.","authors":"David Pelissero, Francisco Kuhar, Gabriel Grilli, Joszef Geml, Matthew E Smith, Esteban M Crespo, Maria L Hernandez Caffot, Eduardo Nouhra","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2513710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2025.2513710","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global fungal diversity is estimated at about 6.2 million species, but only 150 000 are currently described. Molecular studies reveal that this diversity is often underestimated, especially in less-studied regions. <i>Phaeoclavulina</i>, a genus of ramarioid fungi, has a wide distribution in areas with temperate and tropical climates. However, in southern South America, research on <i>Phaeoclavulina</i> species has been scarce, with only a few studies conducted in Argentina covering the morphology of a few species. This research aims to analyze <i>Phaeoclavulina</i> species in Argentina, exploring their morphology, ecological roles, and distribution. Four different ecological regions across Argentina were sampled. Molecular data (Sanger and next-generation sequencing [NGS] technology) were obtained to construct their phylogenetic relationships. Our results show a greater diversity of <i>Phaeoclavulina</i> than previously known. Eight taxa are described here, four of which are new species to science (<i>Phaeoclavulina aena, P. angularis, P. prasina</i>, and <i>P. stelligera</i>). Additionally, a neotypification is proposed for <i>Phaeoclavulina camellia</i>. For the other three species (<i>P. articulotela, P. campoi</i>, and <i>P. minutispora</i>), we provide new molecular data and elucidate their phylogenetic relationships with other previously described species. In addition, a key to species of <i>Phaeoclavulina</i> from Argentina and Chile is included to facilitate identification of known taxa. Finally, most <i>Phaeoclavulina</i> species richness is associated with tropical and subtropical forests.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"1-26"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of Erysiphaceae, part 7: Phyllactinieae.","authors":"Michael Bradshaw, Uwe Braun, Seyed Akbar Khodaparast, James K Mitchell, Uma Crouch, Jacklyn Thomas, Hamideh Darsaraei, Donald H Pfister","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2476375","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2476375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The seventh part of this series devoted to the phylogeny and taxonomy of powdery mildews presents the phylogeny and taxonomy of species assigned to the genera <i>Leveillula, Phyllactinia, Pleochaeta</i>, and <i>Queirozia</i> (Erysiphaceae tribe Phyllactinieae). Phylogenetic trees based on multiple loci (ITS+28S, <i>CAM, GADPH, GS</i>, IGS, <i>RPB2</i>, and <i>TUB</i>) are presented. All species with available sequence data are included. The present analyses aim at providing a reference for analyses of powdery mildews of tribe Phyllactinieae. A special focus is on the generic distinction at the base of tribe Phyllactinieae and between <i>Leveillula</i> and <i>Phyllactinia</i>. The inclusion of a larger number of phylogenetically basal <i>Phyllactinia</i> spp. and multiple loci allowed a better insight into the phylogeny of tribe Phyllactinieae and confirmed that <i>Leveillula</i> spp. are nested within the <i>Phyllactinia</i> clade. As a consequence, <i>Leveillula</i> is reduced to synonymy with <i>Phyllactinia</i>. Additionally, <i>Queirozia</i> was found to be nested within the <i>Pleochaeta</i> clade, and as such we have reduced <i>Queirozia</i> to synonymy with <i>Pleochaeta</i>. Multiple species have been sequenced for the first time, in particular multiple North American species. <i>Erysiphe betulae, E. orbicularis, E. polychaeta, E. saxaouli, Phyllactinia antarctica, Ph. broussonetiae-kaempferi, Ph. hamamelidis, Ph. kakicola, Ph. pyri-serotinae, Ph. salmonii, Ph. zanthoxylicola, Uncinula lynchii</i>, and <i>U. shiraiana</i> are epitypified. The new species <i>Ph. amelanchieris</i>, sp. nov. <i>Ph. fraxini-pennsylvanicae</i>, sp. nov. and <i>Ph. oemleriae</i>, sp. nov. are described, and the new combinations <i>Phyllactinia buddlejae, Ph. cleomes, Ph. cylindrospora, Ph. farinosa, Ph. golovinii, Ph. guilanensis, Ph. jaczewskii, Ph. lactucae-seriolae, Ph. lactucarum, Ph. lanugiosa, Ph. lappae, Ph. mindii, Ph. oxalidicola, Ph. picridis, Ph. rubiae, Ph. saxaoulii, Ph. taurica, Ph. thevenotiae, Ph. ulmi</i> (comb. et stat. nov.), <i>Ph. verbasci, Ph. wissadulae</i>, and <i>Pleochaeta erysiphoides</i> are introduced. Furthermore, <i>Phyllactinia</i> sect. <i>Basiphyllactinia</i>, sect. nov. <i>Phyllactinia</i> sect. <i>Leveillula</i>, comb. et stat. nov. and <i>Pleochaeta</i> sect. <i>Ovulariopsis</i>, comb. et stat. nov. are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"640-700"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144030032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the phytopathogen <i>Cladosporium cladosporioides</i> inhibition by <i>Meyerozyma guilliermondii</i> LMA-Cp01 using isothermal microcalorimetry.","authors":"Leonardo Covarrubias-Rivera, Juan Arturo Ragazzo-Sánchez, Montserrat Calderón-Santoyo","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2493361","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2493361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional microbiological methods to assess the antagonistic effect of yeasts in controlling phytopathogen fungi are often slow and based on subjective growth measurements. Therefore, isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is proposed as a novel, sensitive, and accurate technique that measures the heat released during the metabolic processes of microorganisms. For this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the antagonistic effect of <i>Meyerozyma guilliermondii</i> LMA-Cp01 on <i>Cladosporium cladosporioides</i>, using the mycelial growth diameter technique and IMC. The thermokinetic parameters issued from the thermogenic and thermogenic integrated curves, such as maximum growth rate, lag phase, total produced heat, and time to peak, showed variations as a function of the yeast concentration used. The deconvolution of the thermogenic curves, using the asymmetric double sigmoidal function (Asym2sig) model, allowed independent estimation of the growth of <i>C. cladosporioides</i> and <i>M. guilliermondii</i>. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to better understand the relationship between the two techniques. The correlations showed that the total heat of the fungal deconvoluted curves has a high correlation (larger than -0.98) with the in vitro inhibition percentage. Therefore, this study supports using IMC as an alternative to complement classical methods of fungal inhibition using yeast.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"788-800"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ability of non-aflatoxigenic <i>Aspergillus</i> section <i>Flavi</i> strains to grow in the presence of herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and remove it from synthetic wastewater.","authors":"Karen Magnoli, Nicolás Benito, Melisa Eglé Aluffi, Carina Elizabeth Magnoli, Carla Lorena Barberis","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2500337","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2500337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mismanagement of wastewater containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is responsible for serious environmental pollution. One possible solution to this problem is the implementation of remediation techniques that use living organisms, such as fungi, to reduce herbicide levels in different matrices. This study aimed to characterize and select non-aflatoxigenic <i>Aspergillus</i> section <i>Flavi</i> strains with the ability to tolerate and remove 2,4-D in synthetic agricultural wastewater. Their aflatoxigenicity was assessed through an analytical method, followed by the amplification of the four main genes involved in aflatoxin synthesis. Four non-toxigenic strains (RCA 2, RCA 4, RCA 5, and RCA 10) tolerated up to 25 mM of the herbicide and were subsequently identified as <i>A. oryzae</i>. An ecophysiological assay revealed that the best conditions for their growth were 1 mM of 2,4-D at pH 7 and 25 C, and that only one set of conditions (5 mM of 2,4-D, pH 9, and 25 C) completely inhibited development in one of the strains. Finally, removal assays were performed in synthetic wastewater, in which residual 2,4-D levels were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Three of the four <i>A. oryzae</i> strains removed over 40% of the herbicide in the medium after 7 d of incubation, and close to or more than 60% after 14 d. Therefore, these strains could potentially be considered for the design of bioaugmentation strategies aimed at reducing 2,4-D contamination in wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"589-601"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new species of <i>Periglandula</i> symbiotic with the morning glory <i>Ipomoea tricolor</i>.","authors":"Corinne M Hazel, Daniel G Panaccione","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2483634","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2483634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many morning glories (family Convolvulaceae) contain ergot alkaloids-important bioactive compounds produced exclusively by fungi. The ergot alkaloids of the few investigated morning glories are associated with the presence of a symbiotic Clavicipitaceous fungus. The genus <i>Periglandula</i> (Clavicipitaceae) was erected recently for two epibiotic species of morning glory symbionts. Biochemical and limited sequence data indicate that <i>Ipomoea tricolor</i>, a commonly cultivated morning glory from Mexico, contains a <i>Periglandula</i> species, but no signs of the fungus have ever been detected. Our goal was to isolate and describe this fungus, which we hypothesize represents a new species. Observation of fungal hyphae in evacuated seed coats of <i>I. tricolor</i> and subsequent transfer onto malt extract agar resulted in cultures of the symbiont isolated from the plant. The fungus grew slowly as white hyphae and sometimes aggregated into synnema-like structures, both of which lacked spores. We isolated sufficient DNA to sequence the genome with Illumina technology. Phylogenetic analyses based on multiple genes indicated that the symbiont of <i>I. tricolor</i> was distinct from, but related to, the two described species of <i>Periglandula</i> previously observed in other species of morning glories. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), the fungus was quantified most abundantly in hypocotyls of <i>I. tricolor</i>, with lesser quantities in stems, cotyledons, and leaves. The fungus was not detected in roots, although ergot alkaloids were abundant in all tissues including roots. We conclude that the symbiotic fungus of <i>I. tricolor</i> is a distinct species of <i>Periglandula</i> and propose the name <i>Periglandula clandestina</i>, sp. nov.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"602-614"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197838/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology and physicochemical properties of melanin particles from the lichen <i>Lobaria pulmonaria</i>.","authors":"Amina G Daminova, Anna E Rassabina, Venera R Khabibrakhmanova, Gennady L Burygin, Richard P Beckett, Farida V Minibayeva","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2493364","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2493364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Melanins are the pigments with diverse protective functions in a wide range of organisms. The ability of lichens to synthesize melanins is an important adaptation in response to adverse light conditions, including ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and high light. Previously, we demonstrated that melanization of the lichen <i>Lobaria pulmonaria</i> is accompanied by the accumulation of melanin granules in the upper cortex. However, very little information is available on the morphology and physicochemical properties of these particles. Here, for the first time, we used polyclonal antibodies against eumelanin to visualize melanin in the upper cortex of <i>L. pulmonaria</i> and confirm its identity. Using scanning electron microscopy, we showed that extracted melanins are large, spherical aggregates, with an average size of 230 nm. The aggregates had an irregular and unstable structure and displayed high adhesive properties, according to atomic force microscopy. Purification using size exclusion chromatography showed that melanins coeluted with polysaccharides. Purified particles were visualized as discrete structures (subaggregates) with an average size of 42 nm and displayed higher stability and lower adhesive properties than non-purified aggregates. In colloidal aqueous systems, melanin particles formed aggregates with particle sizes of 279 and 212 nm for the non-purified and purified samples, respectively, suggesting that the removal of the polysaccharide component during purification causes the condensation of the polyaromatic structure of melanin. Taken together, our results suggest that melanin particles extracted from UV-melanized thalli of the lichen <i>L. pulmonaria</i> comprise a supramolecular assembly of melanin and polysaccharides. Analysis of the size, ζ-potential, and polydispersity index suggests that melanin particles are capable of structural rearrangements that lead to changes in their nanomechanical properties. The ability of the melanin to bind to polysaccharides may enhance the structural robustness of mycobiont cell walls and increase the tolerance of lichen thalli to stressful environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"629-639"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}