Mycologia最新文献

{"title":"Phylogeny and taxonomy of the genera of Erysiphaceae, part 7: Phyllactinieae.","authors":"Michael Bradshaw, Uwe Braun, Seyed Akbar Khodaparast, James K Mitchell, Uma Crouch, Jacklyn Thomas, Hamideh Darsaraei, Donald H Pfister","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2476375","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2476375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The seventh part of this series devoted to the phylogeny and taxonomy of powdery mildews presents the phylogeny and taxonomy of species assigned to the genera <i>Leveillula, Phyllactinia, Pleochaeta</i>, and <i>Queirozia</i> (Erysiphaceae tribe Phyllactinieae). Phylogenetic trees based on multiple loci (ITS+28S, <i>CAM, GADPH, GS</i>, IGS, <i>RPB2</i>, and <i>TUB</i>) are presented. All species with available sequence data are included. The present analyses aim at providing a reference for analyses of powdery mildews of tribe Phyllactinieae. A special focus is on the generic distinction at the base of tribe Phyllactinieae and between <i>Leveillula</i> and <i>Phyllactinia</i>. The inclusion of a larger number of phylogenetically basal <i>Phyllactinia</i> spp. and multiple loci allowed a better insight into the phylogeny of tribe Phyllactinieae and confirmed that <i>Leveillula</i> spp. are nested within the <i>Phyllactinia</i> clade. As a consequence, <i>Leveillula</i> is reduced to synonymy with <i>Phyllactinia</i>. Additionally, <i>Queirozia</i> was found to be nested within the <i>Pleochaeta</i> clade, and as such we have reduced <i>Queirozia</i> to synonymy with <i>Pleochaeta</i>. Multiple species have been sequenced for the first time, in particular multiple North American species. <i>Erysiphe betulae, E. orbicularis, E. polychaeta, E. saxaouli, Phyllactinia antarctica, Ph. broussonetiae-kaempferi, Ph. hamamelidis, Ph. kakicola, Ph. pyri-serotinae, Ph. salmonii, Ph. zanthoxylicola, Uncinula lynchii</i>, and <i>U. shiraiana</i> are epitypified. The new species <i>Ph. amelanchieris</i>, sp. nov. <i>Ph. fraxini-pennsylvanicae</i>, sp. nov. and <i>Ph. oemleriae</i>, sp. nov. are described, and the new combinations <i>Phyllactinia buddlejae, Ph. cleomes, Ph. cylindrospora, Ph. farinosa, Ph. golovinii, Ph. guilanensis, Ph. jaczewskii, Ph. lactucae-seriolae, Ph. lactucarum, Ph. lanugiosa, Ph. lappae, Ph. mindii, Ph. oxalidicola, Ph. picridis, Ph. rubiae, Ph. saxaoulii, Ph. taurica, Ph. thevenotiae, Ph. ulmi</i> (comb. et stat. nov.), <i>Ph. verbasci, Ph. wissadulae</i>, and <i>Pleochaeta erysiphoides</i> are introduced. Furthermore, <i>Phyllactinia</i> sect. <i>Basiphyllactinia</i>, sect. nov. <i>Phyllactinia</i> sect. <i>Leveillula</i>, comb. et stat. nov. and <i>Pleochaeta</i> sect. <i>Ovulariopsis</i>, comb. et stat. nov. are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"640-700"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144030032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the phytopathogen <i>Cladosporium cladosporioides</i> inhibition by <i>Meyerozyma guilliermondii</i> LMA-Cp01 using isothermal microcalorimetry.","authors":"Leonardo Covarrubias-Rivera, Juan Arturo Ragazzo-Sánchez, Montserrat Calderón-Santoyo","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2493361","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2493361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional microbiological methods to assess the antagonistic effect of yeasts in controlling phytopathogen fungi are often slow and based on subjective growth measurements. Therefore, isothermal microcalorimetry (IMC) is proposed as a novel, sensitive, and accurate technique that measures the heat released during the metabolic processes of microorganisms. For this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the antagonistic effect of <i>Meyerozyma guilliermondii</i> LMA-Cp01 on <i>Cladosporium cladosporioides</i>, using the mycelial growth diameter technique and IMC. The thermokinetic parameters issued from the thermogenic and thermogenic integrated curves, such as maximum growth rate, lag phase, total produced heat, and time to peak, showed variations as a function of the yeast concentration used. The deconvolution of the thermogenic curves, using the asymmetric double sigmoidal function (Asym2sig) model, allowed independent estimation of the growth of <i>C. cladosporioides</i> and <i>M. guilliermondii</i>. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to better understand the relationship between the two techniques. The correlations showed that the total heat of the fungal deconvoluted curves has a high correlation (larger than -0.98) with the in vitro inhibition percentage. Therefore, this study supports using IMC as an alternative to complement classical methods of fungal inhibition using yeast.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"788-800"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ability of non-aflatoxigenic <i>Aspergillus</i> section <i>Flavi</i> strains to grow in the presence of herbicide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and remove it from synthetic wastewater.","authors":"Karen Magnoli, Nicolás Benito, Melisa Eglé Aluffi, Carina Elizabeth Magnoli, Carla Lorena Barberis","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2500337","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2500337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mismanagement of wastewater containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is responsible for serious environmental pollution. One possible solution to this problem is the implementation of remediation techniques that use living organisms, such as fungi, to reduce herbicide levels in different matrices. This study aimed to characterize and select non-aflatoxigenic <i>Aspergillus</i> section <i>Flavi</i> strains with the ability to tolerate and remove 2,4-D in synthetic agricultural wastewater. Their aflatoxigenicity was assessed through an analytical method, followed by the amplification of the four main genes involved in aflatoxin synthesis. Four non-toxigenic strains (RCA 2, RCA 4, RCA 5, and RCA 10) tolerated up to 25 mM of the herbicide and were subsequently identified as <i>A. oryzae</i>. An ecophysiological assay revealed that the best conditions for their growth were 1 mM of 2,4-D at pH 7 and 25 C, and that only one set of conditions (5 mM of 2,4-D, pH 9, and 25 C) completely inhibited development in one of the strains. Finally, removal assays were performed in synthetic wastewater, in which residual 2,4-D levels were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Three of the four <i>A. oryzae</i> strains removed over 40% of the herbicide in the medium after 7 d of incubation, and close to or more than 60% after 14 d. Therefore, these strains could potentially be considered for the design of bioaugmentation strategies aimed at reducing 2,4-D contamination in wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"589-601"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new species of <i>Periglandula</i> symbiotic with the morning glory <i>Ipomoea tricolor</i>.","authors":"Corinne M Hazel, Daniel G Panaccione","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2483634","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2483634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many morning glories (family Convolvulaceae) contain ergot alkaloids-important bioactive compounds produced exclusively by fungi. The ergot alkaloids of the few investigated morning glories are associated with the presence of a symbiotic Clavicipitaceous fungus. The genus <i>Periglandula</i> (Clavicipitaceae) was erected recently for two epibiotic species of morning glory symbionts. Biochemical and limited sequence data indicate that <i>Ipomoea tricolor</i>, a commonly cultivated morning glory from Mexico, contains a <i>Periglandula</i> species, but no signs of the fungus have ever been detected. Our goal was to isolate and describe this fungus, which we hypothesize represents a new species. Observation of fungal hyphae in evacuated seed coats of <i>I. tricolor</i> and subsequent transfer onto malt extract agar resulted in cultures of the symbiont isolated from the plant. The fungus grew slowly as white hyphae and sometimes aggregated into synnema-like structures, both of which lacked spores. We isolated sufficient DNA to sequence the genome with Illumina technology. Phylogenetic analyses based on multiple genes indicated that the symbiont of <i>I. tricolor</i> was distinct from, but related to, the two described species of <i>Periglandula</i> previously observed in other species of morning glories. Using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), the fungus was quantified most abundantly in hypocotyls of <i>I. tricolor</i>, with lesser quantities in stems, cotyledons, and leaves. The fungus was not detected in roots, although ergot alkaloids were abundant in all tissues including roots. We conclude that the symbiotic fungus of <i>I. tricolor</i> is a distinct species of <i>Periglandula</i> and propose the name <i>Periglandula clandestina</i>, sp. nov.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"602-614"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12197838/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology and physicochemical properties of melanin particles from the lichen <i>Lobaria pulmonaria</i>.","authors":"Amina G Daminova, Anna E Rassabina, Venera R Khabibrakhmanova, Gennady L Burygin, Richard P Beckett, Farida V Minibayeva","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2493364","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2493364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Melanins are the pigments with diverse protective functions in a wide range of organisms. The ability of lichens to synthesize melanins is an important adaptation in response to adverse light conditions, including ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and high light. Previously, we demonstrated that melanization of the lichen <i>Lobaria pulmonaria</i> is accompanied by the accumulation of melanin granules in the upper cortex. However, very little information is available on the morphology and physicochemical properties of these particles. Here, for the first time, we used polyclonal antibodies against eumelanin to visualize melanin in the upper cortex of <i>L. pulmonaria</i> and confirm its identity. Using scanning electron microscopy, we showed that extracted melanins are large, spherical aggregates, with an average size of 230 nm. The aggregates had an irregular and unstable structure and displayed high adhesive properties, according to atomic force microscopy. Purification using size exclusion chromatography showed that melanins coeluted with polysaccharides. Purified particles were visualized as discrete structures (subaggregates) with an average size of 42 nm and displayed higher stability and lower adhesive properties than non-purified aggregates. In colloidal aqueous systems, melanin particles formed aggregates with particle sizes of 279 and 212 nm for the non-purified and purified samples, respectively, suggesting that the removal of the polysaccharide component during purification causes the condensation of the polyaromatic structure of melanin. Taken together, our results suggest that melanin particles extracted from UV-melanized thalli of the lichen <i>L. pulmonaria</i> comprise a supramolecular assembly of melanin and polysaccharides. Analysis of the size, ζ-potential, and polydispersity index suggests that melanin particles are capable of structural rearrangements that lead to changes in their nanomechanical properties. The ability of the melanin to bind to polysaccharides may enhance the structural robustness of mycobiont cell walls and increase the tolerance of lichen thalli to stressful environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"629-639"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144128085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Didymellaceae</i> species associated with <i>Convolvulaceae</i> plants, with description of three new species.","authors":"Maria M Gomzhina, Elena L Gasich","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2497588","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2497588","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Didymellaceae</i> is one of the largest families in the <i>Pleosporales</i>, encompassing main genera of <i>Phoma</i>-like fungi including <i>Ascochyta, Didymella</i>, and <i>Stagonosporopsis</i> and representing underestimated biodiversity. Plants in the <i>Convolvulaceae</i> often grow as weeds in many climates and host a wide range of fungi in the <i>Didymellaceae</i>. This study identified 22 <i>Didymellaceae</i> strains isolated from plants in the <i>Convolvulaceae</i> according to the consolidated species concept (CSC) using phylogenetic, micromorphological, and cultural features. Multilocus phylogenetic analysis inferred from nucleotide sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit (28S) of ribosomal DNA, partial DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit (<i>rpb2</i>), and β-tubulin (<i>tub2</i>) genes revealed well-supported monophyletic clades corresponding to 16 <i>Didymellaceae</i> species. Reported here for the first time from the <i>Convolvulaceae</i> hosts are <i>Didymella americana, D. bellidis, D. glomerata, D. pomorum, D. segeticola, D. sinensis, D. tanaceti, Nothophoma brennandiae, N. gossypiicola, Phomatodes nebulosa, Stagonosporopsis caricae, S. heliopsidis</i>, and <i>S. inoxydabilis</i>. Additionally, three new species were described: <i>Didymella pseudomacrophylla</i>, sp. nov. <i>Epicoccum convolvulicola</i>, sp. nov. and <i>Epicoccum pseudoplurivorum</i>, sp. nov. Seven species are reported for the first time from Russia: <i>D. bellidis, D. segeticola, D. sinensis, D. tanaceti, N. brennandiae, P. nebulosa</i>, and <i>S. caricae</i>, and one species, <i>S. heliopsidis</i>, for the first time from Kazakhstan.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"765-787"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The enzymatic arsenal of <i>Discula destructiva</i>: strategies for understanding and managing the dogwood anthracnose pathogen.","authors":"Marcin Nowicki, Kayleigh P Redington, Sarah L Boggess, I Shade Niece, Robert N Trigiano","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2489332","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2489332","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The increasing prevalence of fungal diseases poses major threats to agricultural productivity and biodiversity, particularly in the context of plant-pathogen interactions. Understanding the mechanisms by which pathogens such as <i>Discula destructiva</i> cause disease and losses in dogwoods, important forest plants and nursery ornamental crops, is crucial for developing effective management strategies. This study focuses on the enzymatic activities of <i>D. destructiva</i>, the causal agent of dogwood anthracnose, and their role in facilitating pathogenicity in <i>Cornus</i> spp. We hypothesized that <i>D. destructiva</i> produces higher levels of extracellular hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes compared with other <i>Discula</i> species, which could enhance its ability to invade and degrade host plant tissues. Our findings revealed that isolates of <i>D. destructiva</i> exhibit elevated enzymatic activities, specifically with abundant polyphenol oxidase activity. Additionally, we assessed the influence of environmental factors, such as pH and medium composition, on pathogen growth, demonstrated that optimal growth occurs at pH 4.5, whereas alkaline conditions inhibited growth dynamics. These insights suggest that managing environmental conditions or fungicide formulations could be an effective strategy for controlling the spread of dogwood anthracnose pathogen, thereby emphasizing the importance of enzymatic profiles in fungal pathogenicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"615-628"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144030096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing rice growth in adverse conditions: the role of dark septate endophytes in salt and water scarcity tolerance.","authors":"Esther Lalthazuali, Badaiahun Marwein, Hmingremhlua Sailo, P S Lalbiaktluanga, Mc F Vanlalmuana, Lalfakzuala Ralte","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2474900","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2474900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Global warming increasingly challenges agricultural productivity due to rising salt and water scarcity stress. In response to these challenges, the present study investigates the potential of dark septate endophytes (DSEs) from Khawrihnim Village, Mizoram, India, to enhance the tolerance of upland rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>). Two DSE species, <i>Acrocalymma vagum</i> and <i>Alternaria chlamydospora</i>, were identified and examined for their potential enhancement of plant resilience to salt and water scarcity stress. The result showed that both DSE species substantially impacted rice seed germination, biomass accumulation, and oxidative stress responses under salt and water scarcity conditions. Biomass content was augmented under elevated stress levels (-0.90 MPa), suggesting possible stress tolerance mechanisms. Increased superoxide dismutase activity and diminished malondialdehyde levels under stress conditions underscored the DSE's capacity to alleviate reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation in plants. Furthermore, seed and shoot germination rates were markedly enhanced by 60% using DSEs as biofertilizers, particularly evident in direct treatments. These findings highlight the efficacy of the DSEs <i>Acrocalymma vagum</i> and <i>Alternaria chlamydospore</i> as biofertilizers to enhance plant development and resilience in adverse environmental conditions. Their capacity to augment abiotic stress resilience and promote agricultural sustainability presents a significant opportunity for enhancing crop output, especially in areas susceptible to stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"546-558"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The orchestration of ectomycorrhizal symbiosis: a review of fungal-produced symbiotic regulators and their functions.","authors":"Yu-Peng Sun, Ming-Wen Zhao, Liang Shi","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2499439","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2499439","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ectomycorrhiza is a mutualistic symbiotic association formed between fungi and plants, which enhances the host plant's stress resistance and promotes plant growth. It plays an important role in forest ecosystems. A plethora of symbiotically active regulatory molecules are secreted throughout the continuum of ectomycorrhizal development, encompassing the period before physical contact between the fungi and their host plant roots to the maturation of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis. However, our understanding of these substances is still limited. In recent years, as research in this field has deepened, several studies have documented that fungi release symbiotic regulatory substances, including fungal-derived plant hormones and small secreted proteins, which participate in the regulation of mycorrhizal formation. This article, from a fungal perspective, elaborates on the symbiotic regulatory substances secreted by ectomycorrhizal fungi into the surrounding environment or within the host plant. It further discusses the role of these substances in establishing symbiotic relationships with plants, aiming to offer novel insights for researchers in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"533-545"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defluorination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) by wood decomposer fungi.","authors":"Charles Ayers, Jiwei Zhang","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2499476","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2499476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Large-scale manufacturing and disposal of fluorinated chemicals have led to global pollution by per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that will require novel remediation techniques and investigation for their environmental fates. Fungi are dominant carbon nutrient recyclers in ecosystems, but their roles in responding to and degrading these persistent fluorocarbons remain largely untapped. Here, we investigated the fungal species' responses to perflouroalkyl carboxylic acid (PFCA) chemicals and their capacities in breaking down C-F bonds for defluorination (deF) by using the ion-selective electrode for quantifying free fluoride anions and the ¹⁹F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) for monitoring PFAS removal in fungal cultures. Cytotoxicity assays showed that taxa within a unique class of fungi that cause \"white rot\" type of wood decay have developed an inherent defense mechanism for fluoride and fluorocarbon chemicals, setting off a basis for further investigating their deF phenotype. Although the current test did not evidence clear deF in legacy PFAS, including perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), it identified dehalogenated PFCA structures associated with an electron-attracting alkenyl group that provokes C-F cleavage. Our research, therefore, set a foundation for further unraveling the fungal deF mechanisms, and it also highlighted that future research should give sufficient attention to resident fungal communities in impacted environments due to their potential to recycle fluorinated compounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"576-588"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}