Mycologia最新文献

{"title":"The genus <i>Volvariella</i> from southwestern China.","authors":"Xuan Chen, Yang-Yang Cui, Zhu L Yang","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2476934","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2476934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, morphological characteristics, ecological features, and phylogenetic analyses based on nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS), partial nuc rDNA 28S (28S), and the translation elongation factor 1-α (<i>TEF1</i>) were employed to investigate the species diversity of the genus <i>Volvariella</i> in southwestern China. Eight species are recognized, among which are five known species, namely, <i>V. bombycina, V. hypopithys, V. morozovae, V. pulla</i>, and <i>V. volvacea</i>, and three new species described here, namely, <i>V. parvirimosa, V. pilosa</i>, and <i>V. rimosa. Volvariella pulla</i> represents a species new to China. For species delimitation, the size of the basidiomes, the morphology of the pileus, the size of basidiospores, and the morphology of hymenial cystidia are informative. Taxonomic descriptions of the new species are presented, and a key to the eight species from southwestern China is provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"499-515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New species of <i>Thelephora</i> (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota) associated with <i>Dicymbe</i> and <i>Aldina</i> in Guyana.","authors":"Julieta Alvarez-Manjarrez, Terry W Henkel, Ansel Duncan, M Catherine Aime, Kabir G Peay, Matthew E Smith","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2472593","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2472593","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Species of <i>Thelephora</i> Ehrh. ex Willd. (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota) are known from all continents where ectomycorrhizal (ECM) host plants occur. Although often poorly represented in sporocarp surveys due to the cryptic basidiomata of the resupinate species, belowground sequencing studies in both temperate and tropical systems have shown that thelephoroid fungi are often the dominant ECM group. In the South American lowland tropics, thelephoroid fungi remain poorly known, and very few species have been described from the region. Long-term surveys in Guyana have revealed a wide diversity of ECM fungal species in association with the ECM trees <i>Dicymbe corymbosa</i> (Fabaceae subfam. Detarioideae) and <i>Aldina insignis</i> (Benth.) Endl. (Fabaceae subfam. Papilionoideae). Thelephoroid species form a prominent component of this ECM fungal assemblage, as evidenced by their dominance in both adult tree and seedling root tip surveys and frequent occurrence as fertile basidiomata on a variety of substrata. Here we describe four new thelephoroid species from Guyana that are among the most frequently collected as basidiomata: <i>Thelephora ascendens, Thelephora compacta, Thelephora singularis</i>, and <i>Thelephora ventricobasidia</i>. Three of these species have resupinate basidiomata and would have formerly been assigned to the genus <i>Tomentella</i> Pers. ex Pat. Morphological descriptions, habit, habitat, and known distribution are provided for each new species. Sequence data for the barcode internal transcribed spacer (ITS) locus is provided for types and most other collections of the new species, and a molecular phylogenetic analysis across the Thelephoraceae corroborates their status as novel taxa.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"480-498"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aquatic <i>Xylaria</i>: an exotic fungus introduced into the United States on aquarium decorative wood.","authors":"Robert A Blanchette, Nickolas N Rajtar, Henry Yandrasits, Kira Cassidy Stephens, Benjamin W Held","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2451522","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2451522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined fungi with <i>Xylaria</i>-like morphology on submerged decorative wood in freshwater aquariums in Minnesota and Colorado. The wood was sold in retail stores in the United States but originated from Asia. The submerged wood had black stromatic melanized structures with white tips that grew out from the wood. As colonization progressed, the fungus produced more melanized structures along the entire length of the wood and moved to new wood placed in the aquariums. Cut segments from the fungal structures and from the colonized wood were cultured in malt extract agar supplemented with antibiotics. Pure cultures obtained were used for DNA extraction, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was performed using ITS1F-ITS4. Sequences were compared against the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) nucleotide database using BLASTn. Isolates from the fungal structures and wood obtained from the Minnesota and Colorado aquariums were all found to be <i>Xylaria apoda</i>, a fungus not previously reported from the United States. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the aquarium isolates of <i>Xylaria</i> cluster within a well-supported clade of <i>Xylaria apoda</i>. These <i>Xylaria</i> had grown in a completely aquatic habitat, producing fruiting body-like structures for several years in the freshwater aquariums. Asexual spores were not observed but may have been disseminated into the water as they are formed. Asci and ascospores were also not observed. <i>Xylaria apoda</i> has been reported only from Asia, and it is usually found in terrestrial habitats. This report adds to our knowledge of <i>Xylaria</i> that can grow in a completely underwater environment and focuses attention on an avenue for exotic fungi to be brought into new countries where they are not native. These results also contribute to the growing body of evidence that <i>X. apoda</i> is an ecologically versatile species, capable of thriving in diverse environments, including artificial habitats such as freshwater aquariums.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"213-221"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143414480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiling for species-specific characterization and detection of fungal pathogens that cause tree and grapevine trunk diseases.","authors":"Christopher M Wallis, Kendra Baumgartner","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2439753","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2439753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungal trunk diseases are of major concern for tree fruit, nut, and grape growers throughout the world. These diseases include Eutypa dieback of grape, caused by <i>Eutypa lata</i>, band canker of almond, caused by <i>Neofusicoccum mediterraneum</i> and <i>Neofusicoccum parvum</i>, and twig and branch dieback of walnut, caused by <i>N. mediterraneum</i>, Botryosphaeria dieback of grape, caused by <i>Diplodia mutila, Diplodia seriata, N. mediterraneum</i>, and <i>N. parvum</i>, and esca of grape, caused by <i>Phaeomoniella chlamydospora</i> and <i>Phaeoacremonium minimum</i>. Given the common occurrence of mixed infections, and the similar wood symptoms at the macroscopic level, species-specific detection tools are needed. Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiling can be an effective and inexpensive diagnostic tool. FAME analyses were conducted on pure cultures of multiple isolates per species to characterize profiles and assess whether this technique could result in consistent identification. FAME profiles were dominated by oleic acid (18:1 ω9c) and palmitic acid (16:0), with less abundant FAMEs in different ratios for each species and isolates within species. Canonical discriminant analyses revealed which minor FAMEs were most variable, with a total of 20 different FAMEs that can explain 69.01% of profile variance in the first two canonicals. Using these analyses, samples were self-tested and correctly sorted 97.18% of the time. Within species, canonical discriminant analyses were able to separate isolates further, often by original geographic location or by host plant species. These results further suggest that potential novel species, subspecies, or races may be present among the isolates analyzed, demonstrating the capacity of FAME profiling to have a role in discovering cryptic species and accurately identifying fungal pathogens in conjunction with other molecular techniques and genomic analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"319-330"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ubiquity and diversity of <i>Basidiobolus</i> across amphibian species inhabiting an urbanization gradient.","authors":"Madison R Hincher, Jasper P Carleton, Sara J Wheeler, Manning DelCogliano, Kaitlyn Mathis, Javier F Tabima","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2455909","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2455909","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The role of microfungal species in the environment is wide and well documented, especially in terms of symbiosis. Nonetheless, microfungal species are usually overseen and vastly understudied. One example of these understudied microfungal groups is the genus <i>Basidiobolus</i>, an ecologically diverse zoopagomycete genus found within vertebrate gastrointestinal systems, a saprobe across leaf litter, or as an opportunistic pathogen of immunocompromised humans. Studies of <i>Basidiobolus</i> diversity and distribution have been focused mostly on non-urbanized areas of subtropical regions, but there is a recent paucity of studies on this genus in temperate and densely human populated areas. Here, we present insights into the ubiquity and diversity of <i>Basidiobolus</i> species associated with amphibian species that live in the Worcester waterway system, a system of connecting streams and ponds that originate in pristine, protected wild management areas, and the highly urbanized downtown area of Worcester, Massachusetts. Our results show the ubiquitous presence of <i>Basidiobolus</i> across the gastrointestinal tract samples of amphibians spanning diverse species and habitats, including conservation areas, urban watersheds, and rural ecosystems. Our study reveals that multiple individuals and species of <i>Basidiobolus</i> coexist within a single host, suggesting complex interactions within amphibian gut microbiomes. Finally, we present possible novel diversity in the genus, indicating that further studies should be focused on understanding the species richness, genetic diversity, and ecological roles and associations of this interesting fungal group.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"222-234"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use their names: there are no basal, lower, or early diverging fungi.","authors":"Timothy Y James, Antonis Rokas","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2460003","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2460003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungal biologists have embraced phylogenies for understanding the biology of this diverse group in an evolutionary framework. In an attempt to highlight lineages of fungi that are distinct from the most speciose subphylum Dikarya (Ascomycota + Basidiomycota), the terms \"early diverging fungi [lineages]\" and \"basal fungi\" have been introduced, typically to refer to any phylum of fungi outside Dikarya. However, these terms are problematic, because they implicitly assume that the traits and taxa outside of Dikarya are ancestral by invoking a \"ladder of progress.\" A simple rearrangement of the tree to deemphasize the species-rich Dikarya shows that the logic that these taxa are \"early branching\" or \"basal\" is a fallacy, because it ignores two facts: (i) that all extant lineages of fungi have evolved an equivalent amount of time since a last common fungal ancestor, and (ii) that the \"early diverging lineages\" are no more related to each other than they are to Dikarya. To support the many mycologists who want to celebrate the understudied lineages outside of Dikarya while ensuring that these lineages are not mistakenly perceived as \"less evolved,\" \"more ancient,\" or of \"lower complexity,\" we propose that the community abandon these terms and simply use formal taxonomic names, e.g. Mucoromycota. Doing so will promote knowledge of these often overlooked branches of the tree of fungal life.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"246-254"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11903137/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genus <i>Hermatomyces</i> in Benin, with the description of <i>H. griseomarginatus</i>, sp. nov.","authors":"Ondřej Koukol, Gregorio Delgado, Affoussatou Tabé, Nourou Soulemane Yorou","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2433367","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2433367","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intensive mycological surveys in southern Benin focused on species of <i>Hermatomyces</i> (Pleosporales) resulted in the collection and sequencing of numerous specimens on dead plant debris of different hosts. Majority of the collections belonged to the monomorphic species <i>H. sphaericus</i>, except for two specimens of a hitherto unknown species, which is introduced as <i>Hermatomyces griseomarginatus</i>. The fungus was collected on dead twig of <i>Hymenocardia acida</i> still attached to the tree and dead peduncle of <i>Tectona grandis</i>. It is distinct in having sporodochia with a dense and dark gray margin enclosing their lenticular conidia. Phylogenetically, it formed a well-supported lineage sister to two other monomorphic species, <i>H. verrucosus</i> and <i>H. sphaericoides</i>. Two dimorphic species were also found, <i>H. krabiensis</i> and <i>H. nabanheensis</i>, which are reported for the first time outside of Asia. Detailed morphological descriptions are provided, and the diversity of <i>Hermatomyces</i> in Benin is summarized based on published data and results from the GlobalFungi database.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"286-296"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142951472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Watershed urbanization alters aquatic plant mycobiomes through the loss of rare taxa.","authors":"Jacob Mora, Matthew Olson, Sara S Rocks, Geoffrey Zahn","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2462525","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2462525","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urban expansion, projected to triple globally from 2000 to 2030, significantly impacts biodiversity and ecosystem processes, including those of microbial communities. Microbes are key drivers of many ecosystem processes and affect the fitness and resilience of plants and animals, but research on the biotic effects of urbanization has focused primarily on macroorganisms. This study investigates host-associated fungal communities in the pollution-tolerant aquatic plant <i>Ranunculus aquatilis</i> along an urbanization gradient in the Provo River, Utah, USA, a rapidly urbanizing region. We collected plant and adjacent water samples from 10 locations along the river, spanning from rural to urbanized areas within a single watershed, and conducted DNA amplicon sequencing to characterize fungal community composition. Our results show a significant decline in fungal alpha diversity correlated with increased urbanization metrics such as impervious surface area and developed land cover. Specifically, fungal richness and Shannon diversity decreased as urbanization intensified, driven primarily by a reduction in rare taxa. Despite a stable core microbiome dominated by a few taxa, the overall community structure varied significantly along the urbanization gradient, with notable shifts in dominant fungal taxa. Contrary to expectations, no detectable levels of heavy metals were found in water samples at any location, suggesting that other urbanization-related factors, potentially including organic pollutants or plant stress responses, influence fungal endophyte communities. Our findings underscore the need for further investigation into the mechanisms driving these patterns, particularly the roles of organic pollution, nutrient loads, and plant stress. As global urbanized watershed area grows, the fate of aquatic plant life is tied to their fungal community. Understanding these interactions is crucial for predicting the impacts of continued urbanization on freshwater ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"235-245"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143523822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The good fight: <i>Minimedusa polyspora</i> and <i>Chaetomium globosum</i> effectively antagonize phytopathogenic fungi in in vitro conditions.","authors":"Veronica Spinelli, Andrea Ceci, Roberto Giovannini, Fabio Sciubba, Anna Maria Persiani","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2445759","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2024.2445759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, <i>Minimedusa polyspora</i> and <i>Chaetomium globosum</i> and their metabolites were assessed in vitro for their ability to inhibit growth of <i>Alternaria alternata, Berkeleyomyces basicola</i>, and <i>Botrytis cinerea</i>, gaining insights into their biocontrol mechanisms. A dual culture, an assay for volatile antimicrobial compounds effectiveness (performed in two different conditions), and a culture filtrate antifungal assay were designed to discriminate the involved mechanisms. Moreover, the culture filtrates of these strains were assessed for fungistatic and fungicidal activities (determining also the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum fungicidal concentration) and for the occurrence of siderophores. The results show that both <i>M. polyspora</i> and <i>C. globosum</i> inhibited, to different extents, growth of all the pathogens in the plate assays. Both culture filtrates showed fungistatic and fungicidal activities, pointing to the release of diffusible compounds as an involved biocontrol mechanism. Based on the results of this study, <i>M. polyspora</i> and <i>C. globosum</i> are promising bioprotection agents of these phytopathogens and species of interest for further studies aimed at validating their potential in in vivo conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"331-345"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143123385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychrophilic fungi from the world's roof, II: Species delimitation within an integrative taxonomic framework.","authors":"Shaohui Zhang, Shuqing Liu, Xiaoguang Li, Qi-Ming Wang, Hui Tang, Manman Wang","doi":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2450857","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00275514.2025.2450857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Southeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which harbors large numbers of marine glaciers and spans across two worldwide \"biodiversity hotspots,\" is facing massive habitat loss in the context of global warming, and the biodiversity of coldadapted fungi in this unique area is also suffering drastic reduction. In this study, we selected 23 fungal isolates that represented the most commonly encountered psychrophilic taxa isolated from soil or water samples of marine glaciers in the southeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for detailed taxonomic studies. Incorporating morphological characteristics, multilocus phylogenetic analyses, and the results of four widely used molecular species delimitation methods, including two distance-based: Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) and Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning (ASAP), and two tree-based: Bayesian Poisson Tree Processes (bPTP) and generalized mixed Yule coalescent model (GMYC), seven <i>Gelida</i> (formerly <i>Psychrophila</i>) species, including six new species, and two <i>Tetracladium</i> species, including one new species, were described. As the genus name <i>Psychrophila</i> is an illegitimate later homonym of a plant genus, we proposed the new name <i>Gelida</i> as a replacement for <i>Psychrophila</i> and transferred four illegitimate <i>Psychrophila</i> species to <i>Gelida</i> as new combinations. Our study provides a valuable perspective on how to delimit robust and accurate species boundaries within an integrative taxonomic framework, which is especially important for efficient biodiversity assessment and conservation of the fungal groups that are facing serious habitat loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":18779,"journal":{"name":"Mycologia","volume":" ","pages":"297-318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}