水生木耳:一种被引入美国的外来真菌,生长在水族装饰木材上。

IF 2.6 2区 生物学 Q2 MYCOLOGY
Mycologia Pub Date : 2025-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-13 DOI:10.1080/00275514.2025.2451522
Robert A Blanchette, Nickolas N Rajtar, Henry Yandrasits, Kira Cassidy Stephens, Benjamin W Held
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究在明尼苏达州和科罗拉多州的淡水水族馆中,对淹没在装饰木上的木木体状真菌进行了研究。这种木材在美国的零售商店出售,但起源于亚洲。被淹没的木材有黑色的基质黑化结构,从木材中长出白色的顶端。随着殖民化的进行,真菌沿着木材的整个长度产生更多的黑化结构,并移动到放置在水族箱中的新木材上。从真菌结构和定植木材上切下的片段在添加抗生素的麦芽提取物琼脂中培养。获得的纯培养物用于DNA提取,并使用ITS1F-ITS4进行聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增。使用BLASTn将序列与国家生物技术信息中心(NCBI)核苷酸数据库进行比较。从明尼苏达州和科罗拉多州水族馆的真菌结构和木材中分离出的真菌都被发现是Xylaria apoda,这是一种以前未在美国报道的真菌。系统发育分析表明,水族分离的木蝇群属于一个支持良好的足木蝇分支。这些木木属植物完全生长在水生环境中,在淡水水族箱中生长了好几年,产生了类似子实体的结构。没有观察到无性孢子,但可能在它们形成时已散布到水中。子囊和子囊孢子也未见。木蝇(Xylaria apoda)仅在亚洲有报道,通常分布于陆地栖息地。这份报告增加了我们对木霉的认识,木霉可以在完全水下的环境中生长,并将注意力集中在外来真菌被带到新的国家的途径上。这些结果也提供了越来越多的证据,证明X. apoda是一种生态多样的物种,能够在各种环境中茁壮成长,包括淡水水族馆等人工栖息地。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Aquatic Xylaria: an exotic fungus introduced into the United States on aquarium decorative wood.

This study examined fungi with Xylaria-like morphology on submerged decorative wood in freshwater aquariums in Minnesota and Colorado. The wood was sold in retail stores in the United States but originated from Asia. The submerged wood had black stromatic melanized structures with white tips that grew out from the wood. As colonization progressed, the fungus produced more melanized structures along the entire length of the wood and moved to new wood placed in the aquariums. Cut segments from the fungal structures and from the colonized wood were cultured in malt extract agar supplemented with antibiotics. Pure cultures obtained were used for DNA extraction, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was performed using ITS1F-ITS4. Sequences were compared against the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) nucleotide database using BLASTn. Isolates from the fungal structures and wood obtained from the Minnesota and Colorado aquariums were all found to be Xylaria apoda, a fungus not previously reported from the United States. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the aquarium isolates of Xylaria cluster within a well-supported clade of Xylaria apoda. These Xylaria had grown in a completely aquatic habitat, producing fruiting body-like structures for several years in the freshwater aquariums. Asexual spores were not observed but may have been disseminated into the water as they are formed. Asci and ascospores were also not observed. Xylaria apoda has been reported only from Asia, and it is usually found in terrestrial habitats. This report adds to our knowledge of Xylaria that can grow in a completely underwater environment and focuses attention on an avenue for exotic fungi to be brought into new countries where they are not native. These results also contribute to the growing body of evidence that X. apoda is an ecologically versatile species, capable of thriving in diverse environments, including artificial habitats such as freshwater aquariums.

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来源期刊
Mycologia
Mycologia 生物-真菌学
CiteScore
6.20
自引率
3.60%
发文量
56
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: International in coverage, Mycologia presents recent advances in mycology, emphasizing all aspects of the biology of Fungi and fungus-like organisms, including Lichens, Oomycetes and Slime Molds. The Journal emphasizes subjects including applied biology, biochemistry, cell biology, development, ecology, evolution, genetics, genomics, molecular biology, morphology, new techniques, animal or plant pathology, phylogenetics, physiology, aspects of secondary metabolism, systematics, and ultrastructure. In addition to research articles, reviews and short notes, Mycologia also includes invited papers based on presentations from the Annual Conference of the Mycological Society of America, such as Karling Lectures or Presidential Addresses.
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