Nature Astronomy最新文献_第8页

An 85-s X-ray quasi-periodicity after a stellar tidal disruption by a candidate intermediate-mass black hole 候选中等质量黑洞在恒星潮汐破坏后的85秒x射线准周期性

IF 14.1 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02502-0

Wenjie Zhang, Xinwen Shu, Luming Sun, Rong-Feng Shen, Liming Dou, Ning Jiang, Tinggui Wang

{"title":"An 85-s X-ray quasi-periodicity after a stellar tidal disruption by a candidate intermediate-mass black hole","authors":"Wenjie Zhang, Xinwen Shu, Luming Sun, Rong-Feng Shen, Liming Dou, Ning Jiang, Tinggui Wang","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02502-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02502-0","url":null,"abstract":"It is still in dispute whether intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) with a mass of ~103–105 solar masses (M⊙) exist, which are the missing link between stellar-mass black holes (5–50 M⊙) and supermassive black holes (106–1010 M⊙). The bright flares from tidal disruption events (TDEs) provide a new and direct way to probe IMBHs. 3XMM J215022.4-055108 is a unique off-nuclear X-ray transient that can be best explained as the TDE by an IMBH in a massive star cluster, although its mass is not well determined. Here we report the discovery of a transient X-ray quasi-periodicity signal from 3XMM J215022.4-055108 with a period of ~85 s (at a significance of >3.51σ) and fractional root-mean-squared amplitude of ~10%. Furthermore, the signal is coherent with a quality factor of ~16. The significance drops to >3.13σ if considering all light curves with sufficient quality for quasi-periodic oscillation search. Combined with the results from X-ray continuum fittings, the detection of quasi-periodic oscillation allows joint constraints on the black hole mass and dimensionless spin in the range of 9.9 × 103 to 1.6 × 104 M⊙ and 0.26 to 0.36, respectively. This result supports the presence of an IMBH in an off-nuclear massive star cluster and may allow the study of IMBHs through X-ray timing of TDEs.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143518770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scientific writing in the age of AI 人工智能时代的科学写作

IF 12.9 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02493-y

C. M. F. Mingarelli

引用次数: 0

Artificial intelligence compels the astronomy community to rethink research identity and redefine excellence 人工智能迫使天文学界重新思考研究身份，重新定义卓越

IF 12.9 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02510-0

Yuan-Sen Ting

引用次数: 0

Hey GPT, can you help me understand the Universe? 嘿，GPT，你能帮我理解宇宙吗？

IF 12.9 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02497-8

Giacomo Beccari, Henri M. J. Boffin

引用次数: 0

Determination of the birth-mass function of neutron stars from observations 从观测中确定中子星的诞生-质量函数

IF 14.1 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02487-w

Zhi-Qiang You, Xingjiang Zhu, Xiaojin Liu, Bernhard Müller, Alexander Heger, Simon Stevenson, Eric Thrane, Zu-Cheng Chen, Ling Sun, Paul Lasky, Duncan K. Galloway, George Hobbs, Richard N. Manchester, He Gao, Zong-Hong Zhu

{"title":"Determination of the birth-mass function of neutron stars from observations","authors":"Zhi-Qiang You, Xingjiang Zhu, Xiaojin Liu, Bernhard Müller, Alexander Heger, Simon Stevenson, Eric Thrane, Zu-Cheng Chen, Ling Sun, Paul Lasky, Duncan K. Galloway, George Hobbs, Richard N. Manchester, He Gao, Zong-Hong Zhu","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02487-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02487-w","url":null,"abstract":"The birth-mass function of neutron stars encodes rich information about supernova explosions, double-star evolution and the properties of matter under extreme conditions. To date, it has remained poorly constrained by observations, however. Applying probabilistic corrections to account for mass accreted by recycled pulsars in binary systems to mass measurements of 90 neutron stars, we find that the birth masses of neutron stars can be described by a unimodal distribution that smoothly turns on at 1.1 M⊙ and peaks at ~1.27 M⊙, before declining as a steep power law. Such a ‘turn-on’ power-law distribution is strongly favoured against the widely adopted empirical double-Gaussian model at the 3σ level. The power-law shape may be inherited from the initial mass function of massive stars, but the relative dearth of massive neutron stars implies that single stars with initial masses greater than ~18 M⊙ do not form neutron stars, in agreement with the absence of massive red supergiant progenitors of supernovae.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"83 1 Pt 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantification of broadband chromatic drifts in Fabry–Pérot resonators for exoplanet science 系外行星科学中fabry - psamot谐振器宽带色差的量化

IF 14.1 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-02-26 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02486-x

Molly Kate Kreider, Connor Fredrick, Scott A. Diddams, Ryan C. Terrien, Suvrath Mahadevan, Joe P. Ninan, Samuel Halverson, Chad F. Bender, Fred Hearty, Daniel Mitchell, Jayadev Rajagopal, Arpita Roy, Christian Schwab, Jason T. Wright

{"title":"Quantification of broadband chromatic drifts in Fabry–Pérot resonators for exoplanet science","authors":"Molly Kate Kreider, Connor Fredrick, Scott A. Diddams, Ryan C. Terrien, Suvrath Mahadevan, Joe P. Ninan, Samuel Halverson, Chad F. Bender, Fred Hearty, Daniel Mitchell, Jayadev Rajagopal, Arpita Roy, Christian Schwab, Jason T. Wright","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02486-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02486-x","url":null,"abstract":"Finding an Earth–Sun analogue is one of the longest-standing goals in astronomy. The detection of such a system using the radial velocity (RV) technique is highly challenging, and would require coordinated advances in astronomical telescopes, fibre optics, precision spectrographs, large-format detector arrays and data processing. Measurements at the necessary 10−10 level over multiyear periods would also require a highly precise calibrator. Here we explore simple and robust white-light-illuminated Fabry–Pérot (FP) etalons as spectral calibrators for precise RV measurements. We track the frequencies of up to 13,000 FP modes against laser frequency combs at two state-of-the-art spectrographs and trace unexpected chromatic variations of the modes to subpicometre changes in the dielectric layers of the broad-bandwidth FP mirrors, corresponding to a RV precision at the centimetres per second level. These results represent critical progress in precision RV measurements in two ways—they validate FP etalons as a more powerful stand-alone calibration tool and demonstrate the capability of laser frequency combs to extend RV measurement precision at the centimetres per second level over periods approaching a year. These advances highlight a path to achieving spectroscopic calibration at levels that will be critical for finding Earths like our own.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143495575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Highly reflective white clouds on the western dayside of an exo-Neptune 一颗外海王星的西边，高度反射的白云

IF 14.1 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02488-9

Louis-Philippe Coulombe, Michael Radica, Björn Benneke, Élyse D’Aoust, Lisa Dang, Nicolas B. Cowan, Vivien Parmentier, Loïc Albert, David Lafrenière, Jake Taylor, Pierre-Alexis Roy, Stefan Pelletier, Romain Allart, Étienne Artigau, René Doyon, Ray Jayawardhana, Doug Johnstone, Lisa Kaltenegger, Adam B. Langeveld, Ryan J. MacDonald, Jason F. Rowe, Jake D. Turner

{"title":"Highly reflective white clouds on the western dayside of an exo-Neptune","authors":"Louis-Philippe Coulombe, Michael Radica, Björn Benneke, Élyse D’Aoust, Lisa Dang, Nicolas B. Cowan, Vivien Parmentier, Loïc Albert, David Lafrenière, Jake Taylor, Pierre-Alexis Roy, Stefan Pelletier, Romain Allart, Étienne Artigau, René Doyon, Ray Jayawardhana, Doug Johnstone, Lisa Kaltenegger, Adam B. Langeveld, Ryan J. MacDonald, Jason F. Rowe, Jake D. Turner","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02488-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02488-9","url":null,"abstract":"Highly irradiated gas giant exoplanets are predicted to show circulation patterns dominated by day-to-night heat transport and a spatial distribution of clouds that is driven by advection and local heating. Hot Jupiters have been extensively studied from broadband phase-curve observations at infrared and optical wavelengths, but spectroscopic observations in the reflected light are rare and the regime of smaller and higher-metallicity ultrahot planets, such as hot Neptunes, remains largely unexplored. Here we present the phase-resolved reflected light and thermal emission spectroscopy of the ultrahot Neptune LTT 9779 b, obtained through observing its full phase curve from 0.6 μm to 2.8 μm with the NIRISS/SOSS instrument onboard the JWST. We detect an asymmetric dayside in reflected light (3.1σ significance) with highly reflective white clouds on the western dayside (albedo A = 0.79 ± 0.15) and a much lower-albedo eastern dayside (A = 0.41 ± 0.10), resulting in an overall dayside albedo of A = 0.50 ± 0.07. The thermal phase curve is symmetric about the substellar point, with a dayside effective temperature of ({{{T}}}_{{rm{eff}},{rm{day}}}={mathrm{2,260}}_{-50}^{+40},{mathrm{K}}) and a cold nightside (Teff,night < 1,330 K at 3σ confidence), indicative of short radiative timescales. We propose an atmospheric circulation and cloud distribution regime in which heat is transported eastwards from the dayside towards the cold nightside by an equatorial jet, leading to a colder western dayside where temperatures are sufficiently low for the condensation of silicate clouds.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Confined tumbling state as the origin of the excess of slowly rotating asteroids 被限制的翻滚状态作为过量缓慢旋转的小行星的起源

IF 14.1 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-02-25 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02489-8

Wen-Han Zhou, Patrick Michel, Marco Delbo, Wenchao Wang, Bonny Y. Wang, Josef Ďurech, Josef Hanuš

{"title":"Confined tumbling state as the origin of the excess of slowly rotating asteroids","authors":"Wen-Han Zhou, Patrick Michel, Marco Delbo, Wenchao Wang, Bonny Y. Wang, Josef Ďurech, Josef Hanuš","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02489-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02489-8","url":null,"abstract":"The rotational distribution of asteroids as a function of their size is used as a diagnostic of their physical properties and evolution. Recent photometric surveys from the Gaia mission, allowing the observation of asteroids with long spin periods (for example ≳24 h), found an excess of slow rotators and a gap separating them from faster rotators, which is unexplained by current theories. Here we developed an asteroid rotational evolution model capable of reproducing the observed distribution. We suggest that this distribution is regulated by the competition between collisions and internal friction dampening of tumblers—asteroids with unstable rotation vectors—and that the slow rotator group is populated mainly by tumblers. We constrain the product of the rigidity and quality factor, which relates to the body’s viscosity, to μQ ≈ 4 × 109 Pa. This number, two orders of magnitude smaller than the one assumed for monolithic boulders, implies that rubble-pile asteroids could have a porous structure or a thick regolith layer and undergo stronger tidal effects.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143485940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Astronomical image denoising by self-supervised deep learning and restoration processes 基于自监督深度学习和恢复过程的天文图像去噪

IF 14.1 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02484-z

Tie Liu, Yuhui Quan, Yingna Su, Yang Guo, Shu Liu, Haisheng Ji, Qi Hao, Yulong Gao, Yuxia Liu, Yikang Wang, Wenqing Sun, Mingde Ding

{"title":"Astronomical image denoising by self-supervised deep learning and restoration processes","authors":"Tie Liu, Yuhui Quan, Yingna Su, Yang Guo, Shu Liu, Haisheng Ji, Qi Hao, Yulong Gao, Yuxia Liu, Yikang Wang, Wenqing Sun, Mingde Ding","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02484-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02484-z","url":null,"abstract":"Image denoising based on deep learning has undergone significant advances in recent years. However, existing deep learning methods lack quantitative control of the deviation or error of denoised images. The neural network Self2Self was designed to denoise single images. It is trained on single images and then denoises them, although training is costly. In this work, we explore training Self2Self on an astronomical image and denoising other images of the same kind, a process that is also suitable for quickly denoising immense images in astronomy. To address the deviation issue, the abnormal pixels whose deviation exceeds a predefined threshold are restored to their initial values. The noise reduction is due to training, denoising and restoring and is, therefore, named the TDR method. With the TDR method, the noise level of solar magnetograms improved from about 8 to 2 G. Furthermore, the TDR method was applied to galaxy images from the Hubble Space Telescope, making weak galaxy structures much clearer. This capability of enhancing weak signals makes the TDR method applicable to various disciplines.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143462920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Packing a punch with paper packages 用纸包装打孔机

IF 12.9 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02501-1

引用次数: 0