Nature Astronomy最新文献_第7页

On the darkness of Ryugu and other dark small bodies 在黑暗的龙宫和其他黑暗的小天体上

IF 14.1 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-05-20 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02557-z

P. Beck, E. Quirico, O. Poch, B. Schmitt

引用次数: 0

The atmosphere of Titan in late northern summer from JWST and Keck observations 来自JWST和Keck观测的北半球夏末土卫六的大气

IF 14.1 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02537-3

Conor A. Nixon, Bruno Bézard, Thomas Cornet, Brandon Park Coy, Imke de Pater, Maël Es-Sayeh, Heidi B. Hammel, Emmanuel Lellouch, Nicholas A. Lombardo, Manuel López-Puertas, Juan M. Lora, Pascal Rannou, Sébastien Rodriguez, Nicholas A. Teanby, Elizabeth P. Turtle, Richard K. Achterberg, Carlos Alvarez, Ashley G. Davies, Katherine de Kleer, Greg Doppmann, Leigh N. Fletcher, Alexander G. Hayes, Bryan J. Holler, Patrick G. J. Irwin, Carolyn Jordan, Oliver R. T. King, Nicholas W. Kutsop, Theresa C. Marlin, Henrik Melin, Stefanie N. Milam, Edward M. Molter, Luke Moore, Yaniss Nyffenegger-Péré, James O’Donoghue, John O’Meara, Scot C. R. Rafkin, Michael T. Roman, Arina Rostopchina, Naomi Rowe-Gurney, Carl Schmidt, Judy Schmidt, Christophe Sotin, Tom S. Stallard, John A. Stansberry, Robert A. West

{"title":"The atmosphere of Titan in late northern summer from JWST and Keck observations","authors":"Conor A. Nixon, Bruno Bézard, Thomas Cornet, Brandon Park Coy, Imke de Pater, Maël Es-Sayeh, Heidi B. Hammel, Emmanuel Lellouch, Nicholas A. Lombardo, Manuel López-Puertas, Juan M. Lora, Pascal Rannou, Sébastien Rodriguez, Nicholas A. Teanby, Elizabeth P. Turtle, Richard K. Achterberg, Carlos Alvarez, Ashley G. Davies, Katherine de Kleer, Greg Doppmann, Leigh N. Fletcher, Alexander G. Hayes, Bryan J. Holler, Patrick G. J. Irwin, Carolyn Jordan, Oliver R. T. King, Nicholas W. Kutsop, Theresa C. Marlin, Henrik Melin, Stefanie N. Milam, Edward M. Molter, Luke Moore, Yaniss Nyffenegger-Péré, James O’Donoghue, John O’Meara, Scot C. R. Rafkin, Michael T. Roman, Arina Rostopchina, Naomi Rowe-Gurney, Carl Schmidt, Judy Schmidt, Christophe Sotin, Tom S. Stallard, John A. Stansberry, Robert A. West","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02537-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02537-3","url":null,"abstract":"Saturn’s moon Titan undergoes a long annual cycle of 29.45 Earth years. Titan’s northern winter and spring were investigated in detail by the Cassini–Huygens spacecraft (2004–2017), but the northern summer season remains sparsely studied. Here we present new observations from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and Keck II telescope made in 2022 and 2023 during Titan’s late northern summer. Using JWST’s mid-infrared instrument, we spectroscopically detected the methyl radical, the primary product of methane break-up and key to the formation of ethane and heavier molecules. Using the near-infrared spectrograph onboard JWST, we detected several non-local thermodynamic equilibrium CO and CO2 emission bands, which allowed us to measure these species over a wide altitude range. Lastly, using the near-infrared camera onboard JWST and Keck II, we imaged northern hemisphere tropospheric clouds evolving in altitude, which provided new insights and constraints on seasonal convection patterns. These observations pave the way for new observations and modelling of Titan’s climate and meteorology as it progresses through the northern fall equinox, when its atmosphere is expected to show notable seasonal changes.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"81 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143945970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The spectrum of magnetized turbulence in the interstellar medium 星际介质中磁化湍流的频谱

IF 14.1 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02551-5

James R. Beattie, Christoph Federrath, Ralf S. Klessen, Salvatore Cielo, Amitava Bhattacharjee

{"title":"The spectrum of magnetized turbulence in the interstellar medium","authors":"James R. Beattie, Christoph Federrath, Ralf S. Klessen, Salvatore Cielo, Amitava Bhattacharjee","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02551-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02551-5","url":null,"abstract":"The interstellar medium (ISM) of our Galaxy is magnetized, compressible and turbulent, influencing many key ISM properties, such as star formation, cosmic-ray transport, and metal and phase mixing. Yet, basic statistics describing compressible, magnetized turbulence remain uncertain. Utilizing grid resolutions up to 10,0803 cells, we simulated highly compressible, magnetized ISM-style turbulence with a magnetic field maintained by a small-scale dynamo. We measured two coexisting kinetic energy cascades, ({{mathcal{E}}}_{{rm{kin}}}(k)propto {k}^{-n}), in the turbulence, separating the plasma into scales that are non-locally interacting, supersonic and weakly magnetized (n = 2.01 ± 0.03 ≈ 2) and locally interacting, subsonic and highly magnetized (n = 1.465 ± 0.002 ≈ 3/2), where k is the wavenumber. We show that the 3/2 spectrum can be explained with scale-dependent kinetic energy fluxes and velocity–magnetic field alignment. On the highly magnetized modes, the magnetic energy spectrum forms a local cascade (n = 1.798 ± 0.001 ≈ 9/5), deviating from any known ab initio theory. With a new generation of radio telescopes coming online, these results provide a means to directly test if the ISM in our Galaxy is maintained by the compressible turbulent motions from within it.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143940629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The case for Mars terraforming research 火星地球化研究的案例

IF 14.1 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02548-0

Erika Alden DeBenedictis, Edwin S. Kite, Robin D. Wordsworth, Nina L. Lanza, Charles S. Cockell, Pamela A. Silver, Ramses M. Ramirez, John Cumbers, Hooman Mohseni, Christopher E. Mason, Woodward W. Fischer, Christopher P. McKay

{"title":"The case for Mars terraforming research","authors":"Erika Alden DeBenedictis, Edwin S. Kite, Robin D. Wordsworth, Nina L. Lanza, Charles S. Cockell, Pamela A. Silver, Ramses M. Ramirez, John Cumbers, Hooman Mohseni, Christopher E. Mason, Woodward W. Fischer, Christopher P. McKay","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02548-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02548-0","url":null,"abstract":"Terraforming Mars has long captured the imagination but has received surprisingly little rigorous study. Progress in Mars science, climate science, launch capabilities and bioscience motivates a fresh look at Mars terraforming research. Since Sagan’s time, it has been understood that terraforming Mars would involve warming to enable oxygenic photosynthesis by engineered microbes, followed by slow oxygen build-up enabling more complex life. Before we can assess whether warming Mars is worthwhile, relative to the alternative of leaving Mars as a pristine wilderness, we must confront the practical requirements, cost and possible risks. Here we discuss what we know about Mars’s volatile inventories and soil composition, and possible approaches to warm Mars and increase atmospheric O2. New techniques have emerged that could raise Mars’s average global temperature by tens of degrees within a few decades. Research priorities include focusing on understanding fundamental physical, chemical and biological constraints that will shape any future decisions about Mars. Such research would drive advances in Mars exploration, bioscience and climate modelling.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143940627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Europa’s silent seafloor 木卫二寂静的海底

IF 14.1 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02555-1

Marie Běhounková

引用次数: 0

National forum of planetary science for early-career scientists in China 中国行星科学青年论坛

IF 14.1 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-05-02 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02554-2

Jihua Hao, Yu Liu, Jinting Kang, Tong Dang, Bingkun Yu, Huihong Cheng, Yuming Wang

引用次数: 0

Quasi-periodic eruptions from a newly active black hole 一个新活跃黑洞的准周期性喷发

IF 14.1 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02536-4

引用次数: 0

Age dependence of the occurrence and architecture of ultra-short-period planet systems 超短周期行星系统发生和结构的年龄依赖性

IF 14.1 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02539-1

Pei-Wei Tu, Ji-Wei Xie, Di-Chang Chen, Ji-Lin Zhou

{"title":"Age dependence of the occurrence and architecture of ultra-short-period planet systems","authors":"Pei-Wei Tu, Ji-Wei Xie, Di-Chang Chen, Ji-Lin Zhou","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02539-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02539-1","url":null,"abstract":"Ultra-short-period (USP) planets, with orbital periods shorter than 1 day, represent a unique class of exoplanets whose origin remains puzzling. Determining their age distribution and temporal evolution is vital for uncovering their formation and evolutionary pathways. Using a sample of over 1,000 short-period planets around Sun-like stars, we found that the host stars of USP planets are relatively older and have a higher prevalence in the Galactic thick disk compared to stars hosting other short-period planets. Furthermore, we found that the occurrence of USP planets increases with stellar age, and we uncovered evidence indicating that USP planetary system architectures evolve on gigayear timescales. This includes a distinct dip/pile-up in period distributions around ~1 day and an expansion of orbital spacings with time. In addition, younger USP planet systems are observed to have fewer transiting planets, implying fewer nearby companions or larger mutual orbital inclinations. Our findings indicate that USP planets continuously form through inward migration driven by tidal dissipation over gigayear timescales, and that younger and older USP planets may have originated via different specific tidal migration pathways.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A nearby dark molecular cloud in the Local Bubble revealed via H2 fluorescence 局部气泡附近的黑暗分子云通过H2荧光显示

IF 14.1 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02541-7

Blakesley Burkhart, Thavisha E. Dharmawardena, Shmuel Bialy, Thomas J. Haworth, Fernando Cruz Aguirre, Young-Soo Jo, B-G Andersson, Haeun Chung, Jerry Edelstein, Isabelle Grenier, Erika T. Hamden, Wonyong Han, Keri Hoadley, Min-Young Lee, Kyoung-Wook Min, Thomas Müller, Kate Pattle, J. E. G. Peek, Geoff Pleiss, David Schiminovich, Kwang-Il Seon, Andrew Gordon Wilson, Catherine Zucker

{"title":"A nearby dark molecular cloud in the Local Bubble revealed via H2 fluorescence","authors":"Blakesley Burkhart, Thavisha E. Dharmawardena, Shmuel Bialy, Thomas J. Haworth, Fernando Cruz Aguirre, Young-Soo Jo, B-G Andersson, Haeun Chung, Jerry Edelstein, Isabelle Grenier, Erika T. Hamden, Wonyong Han, Keri Hoadley, Min-Young Lee, Kyoung-Wook Min, Thomas Müller, Kate Pattle, J. E. G. Peek, Geoff Pleiss, David Schiminovich, Kwang-Il Seon, Andrew Gordon Wilson, Catherine Zucker","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02541-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02541-7","url":null,"abstract":"A longstanding prediction in interstellar theory posits that significant quantities of molecular gas, crucial for star formation, may be undetected due to being ’dark’ in commonly used molecular gas tracers, such as carbon monoxide. We report the discovery of Eos, a dark molecular cloud located just 94 pc from the Sun. This cloud is identified using H2 far-ultraviolet fluorescent line emission, which traces molecular gas at the boundary layers of star-forming and supernova remnant regions. The cloud edge is outlined along the high-latitude side of the North Polar Spur, a prominent X-ray/radio structure. Our distance estimate utilizes three-dimensional dust maps, the absorption of the soft-X-ray background, and hot gas tracers such as O vi; these place the cloud at a distance consistent with the Local Bubble’s surface. Using high-latitude CO maps we note a small amount ((M_{{{rm{H}}}_{2}}approx 20text{--}40,M_{odot })) of CO-bright cold molecular gas, in contrast with the much larger estimate of the cloud’s true molecular mass ((M_{{{rm{H}}}_{2}}approx 3.4times 1{0}^{3},M_{odot })), indicating that most of the cloud is CO dark. Combining observational data with novel analytical models and simulations, we predict that this cloud will photoevaporate in 5.7 Myr, placing key constraints on the role of stellar feedback in shaping the closest star-forming regions to the Sun.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Near-circular orbits for planets with Earth-like sizes and instellations around M and K dwarf stars 在M和K矮星周围，有类似地球大小和位置的行星的近圆轨道

IF 14.1 1区物理与天体物理

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1038/s41550-025-02532-8

David Kipping, Diana Solano-Oropeza, Daniel A. Yahalomi, Madison Li, Avishi Poddar, Xunhe Zhang

{"title":"Near-circular orbits for planets with Earth-like sizes and instellations around M and K dwarf stars","authors":"David Kipping, Diana Solano-Oropeza, Daniel A. Yahalomi, Madison Li, Avishi Poddar, Xunhe Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41550-025-02532-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-025-02532-8","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advances have enabled the discovery of a population of potentially Earth-like planets; however, their orbital eccentricity, which governs their climate and provides clues about their origin and dynamical history, is still largely unconstrained. Here we identify a sample of 17 transiting exoplanets around late-type stars with similar radii and irradiation to that of Earth and use the ‘photoeccentric effect’—which exploits transit durations—to infer their eccentricity distribution using hierarchical Bayesian modelling. Our analysis establishes that these worlds further resemble Earth in that their eccentricities are nearly circular (mean eccentricity (0.06{0}_{-0.028}^{+0.040}) and ≤0.15), with the exception of one outlier of moderate eccentricity. This outlier hints at a subset population of dynamically warmer Earths, but this requires a larger sample to statistically confirm. The planets in our sample are thus largely subject to minimal eccentricity-induced seasonal variability and are consistent with emerging via smooth disk migration rather than violent planet–planet scattering.","PeriodicalId":18778,"journal":{"name":"Nature Astronomy","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143880503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0