A high mutual inclination system around KOI-134 revealed by transit timing variations

IF 12.9 1区物理与天体物理 Q1 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS

Nature Astronomy Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI:10.1038/s41550-025-02594-8

Emma Nabbie, Chelsea X. Huang, Judith Korth, Hannu Parviainen, Su Wang, Alexander Venner, Robert Wittenmyer, Allyson Bieryla, David W. Latham, Gongjie Li, Douglas N. C. Lin, George Zhou

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Few planetary systems have measured mutual inclinations, and even fewer are found to be non-coplanar. Observing the gravitational interactions between exoplanets is an effective tool to detect non-transiting companions to transiting planets. Evidence of these interactions can manifest in the light curve through transit timing variations (TTVs) and transit duration variations (TDVs). Here, through analysis of Kepler photometry and joint TTV–TDV modelling, we confirm the detection of KOI-134 b, a transiting planet with mass and size similar to Jupiter on a period of ~67 days, and find that it exhibits high TTVs (20-h amplitude) and significant TDVs. We explain these signals with the presence of an innermost non-transiting planet in 2:1 resonance with KOI-134 b. KOI-134 c has a mass \(M=0.22{0}_{-0.011}^{+0.010}{M}_{{\rm{Jup}}}\) and a moderately high mutual inclination with KOI-134 b of \({i}_{{\rm{mut}}}=15.{4}_{-2.5}^{+2.{8}^{\circ }}\). Moreover, the inclination variations of KOI-134 b are so large that the planet is predicted to stop transiting in about 100 years. This system architecture cannot be easily explained by any one formation mechanism, with other dynamical effects needed to excite the planets’ mutual inclination while still preserving their resonance.

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通过凌日时间变化揭示了KOI-134周围的高互倾角系统

很少有行星系统测量到相互倾斜度，发现非共面的就更少了。观测系外行星之间的引力相互作用是探测凌日行星非凌日伴星的有效工具。这些相互作用的证据可以通过凌日时间变化（TTVs）和凌日持续时间变化（TDVs）在光曲线中表现出来。本文通过开普勒光度法分析和联合TTV-TDV模型，我们证实了KOI-134 b这颗质量和大小与木星相似的凌日行星的探测周期为67天，并发现它具有较高的ttv （20 h振幅）和显著的tdv。我们用与KOI-134 b存在2:1共振的最内层非凌日行星来解释这些信号。KOI-134 c的质量为\(M=0.22{0}_{-0.011}^{+0.010}{M}_{{\rm{Jup}}}\)，与KOI-134 b的相互倾角为\({i}_{{\rm{mut}}}=15.{4}_{-2.5}^{+2.{8}^{\circ }}\)。此外，KOI-134 b的倾角变化如此之大，以至于预计这颗行星将在大约100年后停止凌日。这种系统结构不能轻易地用任何一种形成机制来解释，需要其他的动力学效应来激发行星的相互倾斜，同时仍然保持它们的共振。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Nature Astronomy Physics and Astronomy-Astronomy and Astrophysics

CiteScore

19.50

自引率

2.80%

发文量

252

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