Materials Characterization最新文献

{"title":"Irradiation induced martensitic transformation and ordering in AlxFeCrNiMn multi-principal elemental alloys","authors":"Saikumaran Ayyappan,&nbsp;Djamel Kaoumi","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115115","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115115","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-Principal Element Alloys (MPEAs) have garnered significant attention as promising structural materials for extreme environments. However, their microstructural behavior under irradiation needs more investigation. In this study, Al_xFeCrNiMn alloys with two different compositions (x = 0.3, 0.8) were subjected to in-situ irradiation inside a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) using 1 MeV Kr⁺ ions at 300 °C. Two key findings of this study were the observation of radiation-induced chemical ordering, as confirmed through extensive post-irradiation TEM diffraction analysis and the occurrence of localized martensitic transformation within the matrix phase of the alloy, induced by irradiation. High-resolution TEM (HRTEM) analyses, including Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) techniques, provided evidence of the presence of layered martensitic phases. This discovery is particularly significant, as it represents the first reported instance of irradiation-induced martensitic transformation in High-Entropy Alloys (HEAs).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 115115"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New fire-resistant steel alloyed with Nb-Mo-B-Ti: Mechanical properties and characterization via SEM, TEM, and APT","authors":"L.F. Bauri ,&nbsp;A.M. Ferreira ,&nbsp;E.A. Ariza-Echeverri ,&nbsp;F.M.S.B. Carvalho ,&nbsp;P.M.C.D. Gomes ,&nbsp;R. Sonkusare ,&nbsp;Y. Lu ,&nbsp;T. Boll ,&nbsp;A.P. Tschiptschin ,&nbsp;H. Goldenstein","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fire-Resistant Steels (FRS) are widely used to ensure building stability during fire incidents, enabling safe evacuation. In this study, a FRS alloyed with Nb, Mo, B, and Ti was cast, thermomechanically processed, and air-cooled to achieve the “as received” condition. The yield strength (YS) was evaluated through tensile tests at room temperature (YS RT) and at 600 °C (YS 600 °C), along with a constant pre-load test at high temperatures. A Fire-Simulation (FS) test was subsequently conducted using a quenching dilatometer. Thermodynamic analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Atom Probe Tomography (APT) were used to characterize the samples. The tensile tests revealed a YS ratio <span><math><mfrac><mrow><mi>YS</mi><mfenced><mrow><msup><mn>600</mn><mo>°</mo></msup><mi>C</mi></mrow></mfenced></mrow><mrow><mi>YS</mi><mspace></mspace><mi>RT</mi></mrow></mfrac><mspace></mspace></math></span> of 0.76, exceeding the requirement set by the Japanese Code. TEM analysis identified (Nb, Ti, Mo)C precipitates ≈ 20 nm in the as-received condition, consistent with thermodynamic predictions. After the fire simulation test, additional (Nb, Ti)C carbides ≈ 10 nm were observed. APT revealed that Nb and C atoms were aligned along dislocations or subgrain structures under simulated fire condition, whereas these atoms were sparsely distributed in the as-received condition. The formation of NbC nanoprecipitates, influenced by the presence of Mo, Ti, and B atoms, provides valuable insights into the enhancement of fire-resistant materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 115104"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of intermetallic compounds of TC4/QP980 joints using a flexible dual-beam laser heat source","authors":"Nan Li ,&nbsp;Lianzhong Lu ,&nbsp;Yuchen Dong ,&nbsp;Zhenxing Fan ,&nbsp;Ke Li ,&nbsp;Hongyang Wang ,&nbsp;Liming Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, the well-performed QP980/TC4 lap joint without Fe-Ti intermetallic compounds was successfully obtained by using coaxial pulse-continuous dual-beam laser welding heat source and CuSi3 filler wire. The interface microstructure, mechanical properties and the effect of dual-beam laser power density on the joint were systematically studied. The mechanical properties of the joints increased first and then decreased with the increase of laser power density. The maximum tensile peak tensile load value reached 3820 N/cm and the average measured thickness of the reaction layer at the TC4 interface was 129.7 μm under the central power density of 1480 W/mm² and the surrounding power density of 80 W/mm². The joints were all fractured at the TC4 interface, which was cleavage fracture. The microstructure of TC4 interface was (Cu)ss/Ti₅Si₃/TiCu/Ti₂Cu + TiCu/α + β-Ti. On the base of experiments and thermodynamic calculations of TC4 interface, the chemical potential of Ti and Cu is small when the molar concentration of Si is high, so Ti and Cu tend to transfer to the Si-rich region. It can inhibit the thickness of intermetallic compounds layer at the TC4 interface. However, the hardness of Ti₅Si₃ and TiCu were so high that stress concentration occurred to cause large the residual stress in joints. The fracture behavior of TC4 interface was further analyzed, and the hard brittle phase Ti₅Si₃ might become the crack source. Ti₅Si₃ (001)/TiCu (111) and Ti₅Si₃ (001)/Cu (111) possible matching planes were non-coherent, which might become the crack propagation path.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 115130"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure and mechanical properties of the Al2O3/Al joint bonded by Bi2O3-B2O3-SiO2-ZnO-Al2O3 + Al particles composite glass solder","authors":"Wei Fu ,&nbsp;Xin Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaoguo Song ,&nbsp;Yidi Xue ,&nbsp;Han Mei ,&nbsp;Wanqi Zhao ,&nbsp;Shengpeng Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glass solder with adjustable thermal expansion coefficient exhibits unique advantages in dissimilar material joining, yet its inherent brittleness remains a critical constraint hindering broader application potential. To solve this problem, micron-sized Al particles were added to glass to address the negative impact caused by the inherent brittleness of glass solder. In this study, the Bi₂O₃-B₂O₃-SiO₂-ZnO-Al₂O₃ + Al particles composite solder was utilized to join 99Al₂O₃ ceramic and Al alloy 1060. Prior to the joining process, the surface morphology and thermophysical properties of the composite glass solder were investigated. Subsequently, the microstructure of the Al₂O₃/Al joints was analyzed in detail and mechanical properties of the joints were evaluated under different Al particle content. A peak value of 51.49 MPa was achieved at an Al particle content of 4 wt%, marking a 71.21 % increase compared to joints without Al particles. The precipitated phases in the glass solder are refined and their population is increased with elevated Al particle content, whereby the toughness of the bonding seam is enhanced, leading to improved mechanical properties of the joints. However, an excessive Al particle content results in increased porosity of the solder and deteriorated wettability, compromising the formation of joints and severely degrading the mechanical performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 115147"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure and dislocation behavior of nickel-based single crystal superalloy DD6 under high-speed rotation and complex stress at 1050 °C","authors":"Xiao Wang ,&nbsp;Yidie Tan ,&nbsp;Jianjiang Zhao ,&nbsp;Fei Wang ,&nbsp;Ze Zhang ,&nbsp;Yunmin Chen ,&nbsp;Hua Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the γ-γ’ phase structure and dislocation configuration of the nickel-based single-crystal superalloy DD6 subjected to high-temperature, high-speed rotational creep tests at 1050 °C and 20,000 rpm. The centrifugal stress applied through high-speed rotation simulates the actual service conditions experienced by turbine blades in superalloy applications. Creep tests conducted over 200 and 400 h reveal significant microstructural evolution under complex stress states. The results show that the γ-γ’ phase structure evolves differently under the influence of distinct stress components. One stress component induces phase rafting, while another causes the widening of the γ phase, reducing element segregation between the γ and γ’ phases and promoting the precipitation of a secondary γ’ phase. Dislocation evolution is traced from movement within the γ phase to accumulation at the γ-γ’ phase interface, where dislocation networks form and eventually cut into the γ’ phase. The larger centrifugal stress accelerates the evolution of both the γ and γ’ phase structure and dislocation. Additionally, an unusually long and dense dislocation network at the subgrain boundaries is observed, which is believed to result from dislocation pile-up reactions due to misorientation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 115149"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneously achieving high mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of 9Cr ODS Fe-based superalloy at elevated temperature via Al and Si-alloying","authors":"Mingsheng Yang,&nbsp;Jikang Li,&nbsp;Shengjie Dong,&nbsp;Tong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing 9Cr oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) Fe-based superalloy combining elevated-temperature strength and oxidation resistance was a challenge for advanced nuclear applications. A new 9Cr ODS ferrite-martensite superalloy was designed via Al- and Si-alloying, aiming to improve the comprehensive performance at elevated temperatures. The microstructure, mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of 9Cr ODS superalloy were investigated in detail. 1.5Al1Si (1.5 wt% Al and 1 wt% Si) alloy achieved the simultaneous improvement of mechanical properties and oxidation resistance compared with other alloys at elevated temperatures. Multi-scale characterization revealed that the 1.5Al1Si alloy exhibited a refined dual-phase ferritic-martensitic structure (average grain size: 1.47 μm) with coherent Y₂Ti₂O₇ nanoparticles (8.9 ± 2.6 nm), enabling the high tensile strength (648 MPa) at 550 °C. Al and Si co-addition promoted the preferential formation of a continuous Cr₂O₃ layer after exposure to air at 850 °C for 200 h. Benefiting from the a concrete Cr₂O₃ protective layer, the oxide scale of 1.5Al1Si alloy did not spall, with the weight gain was only 0.79 mg/cm². Our work demonstrated that the Al and Si co-alloying was an effective way to improve the comprehensive performance of 9Cr ODS superalloy at elevated temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 115144"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143929485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic semantic segmentation and development of visualization system of precipitation in Inconel 718 alloy based on deep learning","authors":"Haolin Yan ,&nbsp;Ruizhe Liang ,&nbsp;Yixu Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianli Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhixuan Cheng ,&nbsp;Liang Tang ,&nbsp;Ni Wang ,&nbsp;Yuefei Zhang ,&nbsp;Ze Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Inconel 718, a nickel-based superalloy widely used in aerospace applications, experiences detrimental precipitation of carbides and δ phases when heat-treated above 1538 °C. This study employs a deep learning model to accurately identify and segment these precipitates, including the δ phase within grains, the δ phase along grain boundaries, and MC carbides. We collected experimental image datasets with compression deformation ratios of 0, 0.1, and 0.3, and applied the YOLOv8 network for identification and semantic segmentation. The model achieved a mean pixel accuracy of 92.0 % for unstrained scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, with class pixel accuracies of 95.0 %, 90.0 %, and 91.0 % for carbides, δ phases within grains, and δ phases along grain boundaries. For images under compressive strains of 0.1 and 0.3, the mean pixel accuracies were 86.7 % and 88.0 %, respectively. This method provides a reliable approach for segmenting precipitates, facilitating cost reduction and efficiency in alloy processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 115150"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of heat treatment on microstructural evolution of Electron beam welded additive IN718","authors":"Nitin Kumar ,&nbsp;S.G.K. Manikandan ,&nbsp;M. Kamaraj","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High energy density welding processes like the electron beam welding (EBW) has the capability of generating precise and narrow welds free from defects, making it a reliable process for welding critical aerospace components. In this work, a study of microstructure evolution in additively manufactured IN718 subjected to pre- and post-weld heat treatment is done. The as-built microstructure generated during the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process has overlapping melt pool with interdendritic segregation and Laves phase formation. The melt pool region in as-built condition has a wider sub-grain width (360 to 560 nm) with cellular structure in comparison to an overlapped region having (200 to 330 nm) columnar sub-grain structure. Lower heat input and faster cooling rate complemented by beam oscillation in the EBW process suppressed Nb segregation, generating discontinuous Laves phase in the weld region. Three solution treatment (ST) temperatures are selected: 1180 °C, 1065 °C, and 980 °C. Solution heat treatment at 1180 °<em>C</em>−1 h/AC dissolved segregates back to matrix and caused recrystallization. However, solution treatment at 1065 °<em>C</em>−1 h/AC and 980 °<em>C</em>−1 h/AC retained columnar texture with dissolution of segregates. There is appreciable variation in microhardness between the base metal and weld region, which has been correlated with precipitation of phases like Laves, δ phase, γ″ and γ', their composition and distribution, as well as the effect of grain size. The post-weld solution treatment carried out at 980 °<em>C</em>−1 h/AC led to the precipitation of δ phase (3.29 % by volume) at the sites of dissolved Laves phase in the weld region, lowering the availability of Niobium in the matrix for precipitation of γ″ and γ' during double aging treatment, reducing microhardness in the weld region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 115140"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143948558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the experimental validation of a local equilibria based framework for design of Fe-C-Cr alloys exhibiting predicted partitioning behaviour during pearlite formation","authors":"Vikash Kumar Sahu ,&nbsp;Snehashish Tripathy ,&nbsp;P.S.M. Jena ,&nbsp;M. Vamsi Krishna ,&nbsp;Sandip Ghosh Chowdhury ,&nbsp;Gopi Kishor Mandal","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present work attempts to re-establish the significance of local equilibria models in describing the pearlite formation mechanisms in multicomponent Fe-C-Cr steels, and explore their potential for designing pearlitic steels capable of exhibiting varying substitutional partitioning behaviour. For accounting the different local equilibria conditions, viz. Partitioning Local Equilibrium (PLE) and Negligible Partitioning Local Equilibrium (NPLE) that could possibly be prevalent during formation of pearlite below the eutectoid temperature (T_E), estimation of metastable austenite/ferrite and austenite/cementite phase boundaries was necessary, for which thermodynamically consistent Unified Interaction Parameter Formalism (UIPF) was adopted. UIPF with its computational simplicity and reasonably accurate predictive capability in conjunction with the significant efficacy of LE models in predicting pearlite formation behaviour, thereby constituted a robust thermodynamic framework, utilizing which 02 nos. of high carbon Fe-C-Cr alloys with nominal Cr contents of 0.35 wt% (A1) and 0.75 wt% (A2) were designed. Based upon a first-hand assessment employing NPLE/PLE envelope boundaries, A1 was predicted to transform without long range partitioning of substitutional component, whereas pearlite formation in A2 was predicted to be accompanied by substitutional partitioning, at their respectively selected transformation temperatures. The corroboration of theoretical and experimental results in terms of chromium partitioning behaviour, interlamellar spacing, and growth rates demonstrated the framework's predictive capability. Additionally, direct observations of Cr distribution across austenite/ferrite and austenite/cementite interfaces in specimens interrupted during pearlitic transformation, using high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy based energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (STEM-EDS) confirmed the absence of Cr partitioning at the growth front in A1 (NPLE mode) and significant Cr partitioning in A2 (PLE mode). Excellent conformity between theoretical predictions and experimental observations affirmatively established the predictive capability of UIPF based LE framework and its potential for designing Fe-C-Cr pearlitic steels exhibiting varying extent of substitutional partitioning, and hence different microstructural properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 115143"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mo triggered TWIP/TRIP effect synergistically improves mechanical properties of Co35Cr25Fe20Ni20","authors":"Zhilin Shi ,&nbsp;Zhicheng Peng ,&nbsp;Yazhou Liu ,&nbsp;Haoran Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Yuan ,&nbsp;Xinkai Liu ,&nbsp;Shunxing Liang ,&nbsp;Mingzhen Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the strength-ductility paradox of high-entropy alloys was overcome by modulating the twin-induced plasticity (TWIP)/phase-transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect through Mo atoms, while ensuring that it remains the single solid solution phase. With the increase of Mo atoms leads to a reduction in grain size, the reduction from 11.05 μm for Mo0 to 7.15 μm for Mo5 exhibits obvious grain refinement effect. Meanwhile, the addition of Mo improves the mechanical properties, from Mo0 yield strength of 326 MPa, tensile strength of 751 MPa, to Mo5 yield strength of 547 MPa, tensile strength of 998 MPa, maintains an elongation of 55 %. The formation of deformation twins (DTs) and hexagonal close-packed (hcp) phases improves not only the strength but also the work-hardening capacity. At the same time, these structures also ensured ductility with the help of TWIP and TRIP effects. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the formation of the hcp phase is associated with intrinsic stacking faults (ISFs) and DTs. The interlocking of ISFs and the appearance of DTs provide nucleation sites for the formation of hcp. Besides, the addition of Mo facilitates the charge redistribution of the matrix alloy, enhancing the overall Bader charge transfer. This explained that Mo can result in local lattice distortion, which is one of the important factors for the strength enhancement of Mo atoms. At the same time, this charge redistribution inevitably affects the chemical short-range ordered (CSRO) structure. The Warren-Cowley parameters confirmed that Mo increases Mo<img>Co, Mo<img>Fe, and Mo<img>Ni clusters, and more chemical short-range structures enhanced the stacking faults energy (SFE), it favours the generation of deformation twins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 115145"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}