Materials Characterization最新文献

{"title":"Temperature-dependent tensile behaviors and strain localization of TC17 high temperature titanium alloys with bimodal microstructure","authors":"Biao Ju ,&nbsp;Xianghong Liu ,&nbsp;Jun Zhou ,&nbsp;Jinwen Lei ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Du ,&nbsp;Ning Zhao ,&nbsp;Zehua Zheng ,&nbsp;Keer Li ,&nbsp;Dingxuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Wei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114922","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114922","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>TC17 (Ti-5Al-2Sn-4Mo-4Cr) titanium alloys are extensively applied under high temperature environment, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of their high-temperature mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms. In this study, we systematically investigated the temperature-dependent tensile behaviors and deformation features of TC17 alloys with representative bimodal microstructure using multiple measurement and characterization techniques. It is intriguingly found that the alloy ductility remains nearly unchanged as the tensile temperature is raised from 25 °C to 400 °C although normal softening occurs concurrently. This phenomenon in ductility is closely associated with a reduction in uniform plastic strain during tension, leading to premature necking at elevated temperatures. Microstructural characterizations indicate that plastic deformation predominantly occurs within <em>α</em>_<em>p</em>-domain at ambient temperature, resulting in significant dislocation piling-up and even large crystallographic misorientations. However, as the testing temperature increases, this specific deformation gradually shifts towards the <em>β</em>_{<em>trans</em>}-domain, inducing pronounced deformation localization in the fashion of strain localization bands (SLBs). Since the bimodal microstructure comprises a soft <em>α</em>_<em>p</em>-domain and a hard <em>β</em>_{<em>trans</em>}-domain, it can essentially be classified as a heterostructure, which potentially imparts back-stress work hardening to prevent necking and thus enhance global ductility at ambient temperature. However, elevated temperatures weaken the effect of back-stress working hardening while promoting deformation transition into the <em>β</em>_{<em>trans</em>}-domain, thereby activating strain localization and accelerating necking onset. These findings enrich our fundamental understanding on high-temperature mechanical behaviors of TC17 alloys, and also provide implicit guidance for advancing material performance at elevated temperatures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114922"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deformation field and texture analysis in friction-assisted lateral extrusion of aluminum","authors":"Ali Amininejad ,&nbsp;Laszlo S. Toth ,&nbsp;Máté Sepsi ,&nbsp;Máté Szűcs ,&nbsp;Surya N. Kumaran ,&nbsp;Valéria Mertinger","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new flow line model was developed based on experimental observations to describe the deformation field and texture evolution in a novel severe plastic deformation (SPD) technique, named the Friction-Assisted Lateral Extrusion Process (FALEP). FALEP produces a sheet from bulk metal in one step. The microstructure and crystallographic texture of Al-1050 material after FALEP deformation were investigated by EBSD and XRD after an extrusion ratio of 10.5. Heterogeneity in the microstructure and texture was observed within the thickness of the sheet with average grain sizes of 720 nm and 4.2 μm near the top of the obtained sheet and the bottom, respectively. Flow lines were ascribed within split-samples before testing. They revealed large deviations from the expected simple shear model; three-stage deformation paths were observed. They consisted of two simple shear stages and a new linear convergent extrusion (‘LCE’) type of flow between them. An analytical flow line model was constructed for obtaining the deformation field for the LCE part of the flow. Texture simulations were carried out using the viscoplastic Taylor and the viscoplastic self-consistent models. The classical simple shear model was not able to properly reproduce the experimental textures. However, the new flow line model accurately described the texture evolution both at the top and bottom regions of the sheet. The obtained total strains were more than twice less than the one expected from the classical uniform simple shear deformation model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114920"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and accurate characterisation of the metastable CoFCC phase in WC–Co cemented carbides","authors":"Haoruo Zhou ,&nbsp;Hansheng Chen ,&nbsp;Christoph Czettl ,&nbsp;Thomas Weirather ,&nbsp;Julia Pachlhofer ,&nbsp;Pauline Mueller ,&nbsp;Tamara Teppernegg ,&nbsp;Ralph Useldinger ,&nbsp;Sophie Primig ,&nbsp;Simon P. Ringer","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Composed of hard tungsten carbide (WC) particles and a soft cobalt (Co) matrix, WC–Co cemented carbides exhibit significant differences in the material removal rates of these phases during metallographic preparation. This disparity, combined with the susceptibility of the soft Co phase to deformation-induced martensitic phase transformation from its face-centered cubic (Co_FCC) to hexagonal close-packed (Co_HCP) structure, poses substantial challenges for microstructural characterisation. The resulting ambiguity complicates the identification of the pristine Co phase and raises concerns about the presence of preparation-induced artefacts. In this study, we present a detailed comparative analysis aimed at minimizing ambiguities in the characterisation of the pristine Co phases in a series of WC–Co cemented carbides. We quantitatively report on the controllability of various preparation parameters under multiple conditions, for plane-polished cross-sections used in (e.g.) EBSD analysis and for thin-sections such as used in (e.g.) TEM analysis. We report on the interplay between material removal and the deformation-induced martensitic Co_FCC–Co_HCP phase transformation during metallographic preparation, identifying “GO” and “NO GO” regimes for the unequivocal identification of the pristine Co phase in WC–Co cemented carbides. The optimal metallographic preparation method for the “GO” regime involves an Ar⁺ ion polishing energy density of ∼10 MJ/m² and a duration of ∼80 min. This work establishes a robust workflow for accurately determining the pristine Co phase, providing a pivotal aspect for the characterisation of microstructure–property relationships in WC–Co cemented carbides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114915"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cost-effective model for synergistic effects of microstructure and crystallographic texture on hydrogen-induced crack growth and corrosion rates in pipeline steels","authors":"Ehsan Entezari ,&nbsp;Alok Kumar Singh ,&nbsp;Hojjat Mousavi ,&nbsp;Jorge Luis Gonzalez Velazquez ,&nbsp;Jerzy Szpunar","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a Cost-Effective model based on microstructure, crystallographic texture, and hydrogen (H) diffusion to evaluate H-damage in pipeline steels. H-crack growth and corrosion rates, measured using ultrasonic inspection and a Gamry electrochemical setup, were correlated with microstructure and texture. Results show that smaller ferrite grain size, lower density of <span><math><mo>∑</mo><mn>3</mn><mspace></mspace></math></span>co-incidence site lattice boundaries (CSLB), higher densities of geometrically necessary boundaries (GNB) and random high-angle grain boundaries (RHAGB), and higher overall stored energy (E_Ave) in texture fibers increase H-trap sites and reduce effective H-diffusivity, contributing to higher H-crack growth rates. Conversely, these same factors enhance corrosion resistance by improving passivation. Secondary phases have a detrimental effect on H-crack growth and corrosion resistance, varying with size, continuity, and volume fraction of phases. The proposed model, using hyperparameter tuning, quantifies the synergistic effects of microstructure, texture, and H-diffusion on H-damage and highlights the role of ferrite grain size in mitigating H-damage in pipeline steels. Finally, finite element (FE) analysis of grain structures provided supporting observations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114917"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancement of interfacial interaction and mechanical properties in aluminum matrix composites reinforced with CuO-coated graphene","authors":"Xin Gao ,&nbsp;Qingming Wang ,&nbsp;Yanjin Dai ,&nbsp;Hongyan Yue ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Zhang ,&nbsp;Chunyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhongkai Zhang ,&nbsp;Jing Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114916","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114916","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interface in graphene-reinforced Al-based composites primarily facilitates the transfer of external loads from the matrix to the reinforcement. However, poor interface bonding between graphene and the Al matrix degrades the mechanical properties of the composites. In this work, reduced graphene oxide (rGO)@CuO/Al composites were prepared through surface modification and hot press sintering. The thermal reaction between CuO and Al at the interface promotes the formation of Al₂O₃ nano-layers on the C-Al interface, thereby enhancing the load transfer capability and the stability of the interface bonding. Additionally, the thermal-induced migration of oxygen atoms aids in the natural formation of Al₂O₃ inside the crystals. At the interface, the movement of copper atoms leads to a reaction with the Al matrix, resulting in the creation of CuAl₂, which inhibits the migration of grain boundaries. When the mass ratio of GO to CuO reaches 1:2, the ultimate tensile strength of the rGO@CuO/Al composite achieves 139 MPa, marking a 53 % improvement over that of the pure Al matrix and 124 % over that of the rGO/Al composite. The enhancement in mechanical properties is primarily attributed to the effective interface load transfer. This strong interface bonding caused by the thermite reaction provides new theoretical support for developing graphene/Al-based composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114916"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of heat treatment on microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance 13Cr-2Ni-2Mo martensitic stainless steel","authors":"Hou-Jen Chen ,&nbsp;Pei-Chun Hsiao ,&nbsp;Hsiao-Keng Chang Chien ,&nbsp;Kaifan Lin ,&nbsp;Yung-Ting Chuo ,&nbsp;Chih-Ying Huang ,&nbsp;Hsin-Chih Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of varying austenitizing and tempering temperatures on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of newly developed 13Cr-2Ni-2Mo martensitic stainless steel for marine and coastal applications were systematically investigated. The findings indicate that the highest hardness and optimal corrosion resistance are achieved with austenitizing at 1150 °C. This is due to the dissolution of carbides back into the matrix, which results in solid solution strengthening and an elevated chromium content within the matrix. The steel exhibits the highest hardness when subjected to tempering at 150 °C. As the tempering temperature increases, the dislocation density in the matrix decreases, and different carbides precipitate in the order of M₃C, M₇C₃, and M₂₃C₆. During the tempering process, reverse austenite forms along the boundaries of martensite laths, exhibiting the phenomenon known as the “austenite memory effect.” A competitive relationship between reverse austenite and carbides with regard to carbon has been observed. The precipitation of carbides at tempering temperatures of 450–500 °C results in secondary hardening. The 13Cr-2Ni-2Mo steel exhibits the most favorable corrosion resistance when tempered at 150 °C, with a corrosion current density of 5.50 × 10⁻⁷ A/cm² and a pitting potential of 0.307 V in a 3.5 % NaCl solution. As the tempering temperature increases, the precipitation of M₇C₃ and M₂₃C₆ carbides results in a decrease in the chromium content of the matrix. This leads to the formation of chromium-depleted zones and a looser passivation film structure, which in turn reduces the pitting resistance and corrosion resistance. This study systematically correlates heat treatment, microstructural evolution, mechanical performance, and corrosion behavior of 13Cr-2Ni-2Mo stainless steel, providing insights for optimizing its performance in marine and coastal applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114909"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation mechanism of cross-boundary twin pairs during compression in an α-Zr alloy","authors":"Ao Liu ,&nbsp;Jiahao Li ,&nbsp;Xianjue Ye ,&nbsp;Yuefei Zhang ,&nbsp;Ze Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The formation mechanisms of {10−12} cross-boundary twin pairs (CBTPs) and the selection criteria of twin variants were systematically investigated in the present research. Ex-situ and quasi-in-situ compression tests along the rolling direction (RD) were conducted on Zr-4 alloy. The deformation mechanisms were analyzed by using the Schmid factor (SF) m and the geometric compatibility factor (GCF) m’. The results demonstrate that CBTPs are formed by both twin-assisted nucleation (TAN) and twin-independent nucleation (TIN) modes. The TAN mode includes twin transmission (TT) and synergistic nucleation (SN), while the TIN mode includes face-to-face growth, homodromous growth, and reverse growth. All TIN-CBTPs and most TAN-CBTPs select variants with high m ranks, but TAN-CBTPs also require high ranks of m’ values to ensure compatibility between twins. However, certain TAN-CBTPs with the a-axis of the parent grain parallel to the RD exhibit twin variants with high m’ ranks and low m ranks. Furthermore, an interesting phenomenon was observed: for grains that meet the conditions for TAN-CBTPs, the complex stress state generated at the common grain boundary (GB) by twins from two different parent grains fails to assist in the twinning of a third grain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114914"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fracture mechanics analysis of anisotropic cleavage fracture caused by transformation-induced microscopic internal stresses in lath martensite","authors":"Yutaro Abe ,&nbsp;Daisuke Fukui ,&nbsp;Ryota Nagashima ,&nbsp;Nobuo Nakada ,&nbsp;Kazuki Shibanuma","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The anisotropic {001}_M cleavage fracture of martensite (M) was evaluated using a cryogenic three-point bending test. The origin of the anisotropy was then investigated in terms of fracture mechanics by considering the effect of microscopic internal stresses caused by the martensitic transformation. The as-quenched lath martensite exhibited anisotropic mode-I {001}_M cleavage fracture, even under static fracture conditions. Crystallographic analysis revealed that the cleavage crack predominantly propagated on (001)_M. Furthermore, the anisotropic {001}_M cleavage fracture was eliminated by low-temperature tempering, which was caused by the loss of anisotropy of transformation-induced internal stresses. The effect of microscopic internal stresses on {001}_M crack propagation was analyzed using the extended finite element method (XFEM), with the criterion of the stress tensor in the bcc crystal coordinate system. The XFEM results demonstrate that the anisotropic internal stresses generated by the martensitic transformation can cause anisotropic crack propagation in the mode-I {001}_M fracture in Bain units, which is in accordance with the experimental findings. These findings indicate that microscopic internal stresses resulting from phase transformations significantly influence the macroscopic mechanical properties of metallic materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114905"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced impact toughness in Fe-Mn-Cr-Al-C TWIP steel by Cu alloying","authors":"Yang Feng ,&nbsp;Shuai Wang ,&nbsp;Yang Zhao ,&nbsp;Liqing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Development of twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel with enhanced strength and toughness through conventional alloying is crucial for broadening its potential applications. In this study, Charpy impact tests on Cu-alloyed Fe-Mn-Cr-Al-C TWIP steel revealed that Cu alloying significantly enhances impact toughness. The improvement is primarily attributed to the following aspects. Firstly, Cu alloying increases the stacking fault energy (SFE) and further stabilizes the austenite thermodynamically. Secondly, the formation of short-range ordering (SRO) induced by Cu alloying improves dislocation dynamics, facilitating planar dislocation movement over wavy slip. This modification enhances localized dislocation interactions and forms high-density dislocation cells or walls under impact conditions, ultimately delaying dynamic recovery and improving toughness. Furthermore, the Cu-alloyed TWIP steel exhibits higher local orientation gradients and more uniform deformation, strengthening its plastic deformation ability and delaying crack propagation. While conventional strengthening mechanisms such as solid solution strengthening, grain refinement and twinning effects contribute minimally, the combined effects of exceptional austenite stability, modified deformation mechanisms and enhanced fracture resistance associated with Cu alloying dominate the toughness improvement. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing the TWIP steel properties through alloy design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114912"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissolution wetting of liquid copper on steel substrate – phenomena occurring during liquid-solid interaction","authors":"Marta Janusz-Skuza ,&nbsp;Agnieszka Bigos ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Valenza ,&nbsp;Sofia Gambaro ,&nbsp;Magdalena Bieda ,&nbsp;Marcela E. Trybula ,&nbsp;Joanna Wojewoda-Budka","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study is focused on the detailed characterization of morphology, microstructure, chemical and phase analysis of the Cu/steel interface zone obtained as a result of the wetting tests using the sessile drop method. The methodology involved contact heating of a copper piece placed on a highly deformed steel substrate at 1130 °C in an argon atmosphere. The experiment was supported with molecular dynamics simulations on early stages of Cu/Fe contact at high temperature. Plastic deformation of a P265GH steel substrate was caused by the explosive welding, which took place prior to the wetting. The experiments revealed that after 40 s, the wetting angle reached a value of 10°, which did not change until the end of the test. This confirms the very good and fast wetting of the steel substrate by liquid copper. Atomistic simulations stay in agreement with the experiment revealing very rapid wetting. Microstructural observations of the Cu/steel couples using electron microscopy techniques showed a high-quality interface, without any voids or cracks. After the wetting experiment, the weighted average of ferrite grain size of the steel substrate (38 μm) did not change. The microscopy observations indicated that the copper diffused into the substrate along the grain boundaries of the steel, causing the Fe-based grains to separate and move towards the copper drop area. This all confirmed that the effective and fast dissolution wetting mechanism takes place during liquid Cu-steel interaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114911"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143592595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}