Materials Characterization最新文献

{"title":"Strengthening electron beam welded joints of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high entropy alloy and 304 stainless steel via constructing cellular heterogeneous dual-phase microstructure","authors":"Zhanhua Gan ,&nbsp;Guoqing Chen ,&nbsp;Xinyan Teng ,&nbsp;Yaorui Ma ,&nbsp;Likuo Zhu ,&nbsp;Junhong Zhao ,&nbsp;Chen Yang ,&nbsp;Xuesong Leng","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electron beam welding of AlCoCrFeNi_2.1 eutectic high entropy alloy and 304 stainless steel was studied. The application of this dissimilar joint was limited by its susceptibility to softening and low strength. Alloying of the joint was conducted using Al layers of varying thicknesses, and the optimally alloyed joint was subsequently subjected to post-weld heat treatment. When the alloying layers were 150 μm and 100 μm, the weld zone exhibited a B2 phase dominated matrix, resulting in joint embrittlement. Reducing the alloying layer thickness to 50 μm resulted in a significant enhancement of the joint strength, reaching 724 MPa. The cellular heterogeneous dual-phase microstructure was obtained in the weld zone, where the softer FCC phase provided ductility while the harder BCC phase contributed strength. The resulting hardened weld produced high strength joints that consistently fractured in the 304 stainless steel base metal. Subsequent heat treatment at 650 °C for 2 h was performed on the joint alloyed with the 50 μm interlayer. The BCC phase underwent coarsening and an ordering transformation, resulting in the formation of the B2 phase. The maximum width of the B2 phase reached approximately 4 μm, representing a 100 % increase. This growth resulted in enhanced second phase strengthening, contributing to joint strength of 761 MPa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 115561"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural damage and hardness evolution in pressureless-sintered α-SiC implanted with 500 keV He-ions","authors":"Minghuan Cui ,&nbsp;Yabin Zhu ,&nbsp;Lijuan Niu ,&nbsp;Ji Wang ,&nbsp;Wentao Xu ,&nbsp;Junrong Ling ,&nbsp;Limin Zhang ,&nbsp;Guangsheng Ning ,&nbsp;Tielong Shen ,&nbsp;Zhiguang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pressureless-sintered SiC is a promising candidate for nuclear applications due to its high strength, low neutron cross-sections, low cost and easy to produce large and complex components. In the present study, pressureless-sintered α-SiC samples were implanted with 500 keV He ions to 1.0 × 10¹⁷ ions/cm² at room temperature (RT), 500 °C and 800 °C. The irradiation induced microstructural damage and hardening were measured by grazing incident X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and nanoindentation technique. Results showed that He implantation induced lattice disorder and swelling, He bubbles and hardening. When the implantation temperature was RT, the lattice disorder and swelling was the most significant, and an amorphous band within the damage peak region was observed. With increasing implantation temperatures, lattice disorder and swelling weakened, but no amorphous layer occurred. The hardening degree was minimal at RT and maximum at 500 °C, which attributed to the softening effect of amorphous layer and pinning effect of the implantation induced defects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 115563"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hybrid laser surface modification technique: Microstructural and property regulation mechanisms of titanium alloy via laser shock forging","authors":"T.Y. Zhao ,&nbsp;Z.Y. Wang ,&nbsp;H. Wu ,&nbsp;C.L. Wu ,&nbsp;C.H. Zhang ,&nbsp;S. Zhang ,&nbsp;H.T. Chen ,&nbsp;D.X. Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a hybrid surface modification technique, Laser Shock Forging (LSF), was developed by integrating pulsed laser excitation with laser cladding (LC) using TA15 titanium alloy both as the substrate and the powder. Differences between LCed and LSFed coatings in microstructure, residual stress state, tribological properties, and electrochemical corrosion behavior were systematically analyzed. Results showed that the α-phase microstructure transformed from a typical basketweave morphology in the LCed coating to a refined columnar structure in the LSFed coating, with an average size reduction of approximately 32 %. A work-hardened layer and a compressive residual stress (CRS) layer formed in the LSFed coating, accompanied by high-density dislocation introduction, which collectively contributed to a microhardness increase of approximately 33.5 % compared to the LCed coating. In terms of wear performance, the LSFed coating demonstrated superior resistance, with abrasive and oxidative wear as the dominant mechanisms. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) further revealed that LSF promoted the formation of a dense and stable TiO₂-rich passivation film, significantly enhancing corrosion resistance. In summary, LSF improved the overall performance of the TA15 alloy through a combined mechanism of grain boundary strengthening and dislocation-induced hardening, offering an effective approach for advanced titanium alloy surface engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 115562"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature-dependence tensile behavior and deformation mechanism of GH4099 Ni-based superalloy manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)","authors":"Zexin Quan ,&nbsp;Zhaohui Wang ,&nbsp;Qiang Jia ,&nbsp;Yishu Wang ,&nbsp;Fu Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>GH4099 nickel-based superalloy exhibits excellent LPBF compatibility and high-temperature strength-ductility balance, yet its mechanisms for strength and ductility loss at high-temperature remains unclear, hindering its applications. This work investigates the microstructural evolution and tensile behavior of LPBF-fabricated GH4099 at 25 °C, 600 °C, and 900 °C. Results show that high-temperature mechanical degradation is linked to the deformation mechanism transition: dislocation slip dominates at 25 °C and 600 °C, with dislocations shearing of γ’ phases strengthening the alloy. At 900 °C, annealing twinning prevails, which fraction enhanced by increased intragranular carbides, strengthen through dislocation interactions with their low energy boundaries, mitigating properties loss. The LPBFed GH4099 prepared in this work achieves ultimate tensile strength of 1222, 1091, 444 MPa and yield strength of 850, 767443 MPa, respectively at 25, 600 and 900 °C, with elongation of 24.4, 17.4 and 13.8 %. The superior mechanical properties, particularly at 900 °C, outperforming other GH4099 alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 115528"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145266426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidized high-entropy alloy reinforced 2024Al alloy: Heterogeneous structure enhances interfacial strength via core-shell structure and in situ nano-FCC phase","authors":"Xinyi Yun ,&nbsp;Bingke Zhu ,&nbsp;Pubo Li,&nbsp;Hao Ning","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Construction of heterostructures represents a highly promising strategy for overcoming the strength-ductility trade-off in metal matrix composites. However, achieving well-controlled heterogeneous interface remains a significant challenge in the high-entropy alloy (HEA) reinforced matrix composites. In this study, a surface-modified dual-phase HEA reinforcement (denoted as (A + O)HEA) was constructed through two-step heat treatment method: first introducing FCC phase by annealing single-phase HEA powders at 900 °C under argon atmosphere, followed by introducing surface oxygen doping via annealing at 700 °C in air. Then heterogeneous core-shell structures formed through in-situ interface reaction strategy during sintering process, thereby achieving simultaneous improvement in the strength and ductility of Al matrix composite. During spark plasma sintering (SPS), plasma-induced destabilization of the unstable oxygen-rich BCC and σ phases triggered the fragmentation of FCC precipitates into nano-sized FCC particles, leading to the in-situ formation of a heterogeneous core-shell structure with the oxide layer. Within this oxide layer, nano-scale FCC precipitates and Mg solid solution, induced by oxygen, were formed. Within the oxide layer, in-situ nano-scale FCC precipitates and oxygen-induced solid solution of Mg were formed. The resulting (A + O)HEA/Al composites exhibits ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 321.6 MPa, 189.5 MPa, and 6.9 % respectively, representing improvements of 14.1 %, 16.8 %, and 13.1 % compared to the HEA/Al composites. The oxides and the σ nano-phase within the outer shell effectively modulate the stress gradient during plastic deformation, accommodating homogeneous stress distribution and inhibiting crack propagation effectively. The oxygen-induced heterogeneous interface design provides new pathway for enhancing the mechanical property of composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 115558"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification on corrosion behavior of additively manufactured Inconel 625","authors":"Zahra Fathipour ,&nbsp;Morteza Hadi ,&nbsp;Vahid Fartashvand","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115559","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115559","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 115559"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145060442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating machine learning and microstructure analysis for the design of high-performance ceramic-reinforced cladding layers","authors":"Yabin Cao ,&nbsp;Liuyan Zhao ,&nbsp;Yixuan Zhu ,&nbsp;Qiufeng Wang ,&nbsp;Yahui Liu ,&nbsp;Simin Wang ,&nbsp;Yinan Jiao","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115560","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115560","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The preparation of ceramic-reinforced, metal-based fusion cladding steel surfaces is an effective way to improve the wear resistance of cutter rings in shield machine. However, designing high-performance metal-ceramic powders is challenging due to their complex composition, often requiring extensive experimental work. To address this problem, this study utilizes experimental data to predict the wear resistance of ceramic-reinforced, iron-based plasma fusion cladding layers through machine learning. The goal is to support the design of high-performance metal-ceramic powders. First, four nonlinear regression models were established. The optimal model was selected after optimization and comparison to predict the wear resistance of the cladding layer. Experiments were then conducted to validate the reliability of the prediction model. Finally, model interpretation, microstructural analysis of the cladding layer, and thermodynamic calculations were performed to elucidate the relationship between powder composition, microstructure, and performances of the cladding layer. The results show that the random forest model (RF) has the best prediction accuracy, achieving an coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.84 after optimization. This model effectively predicts the trends in wear resistance of the cladding layer. Based on the predicted results, a metal-ceramic powder was designed and used to prepare plasma cladding layers with excellent wear resistance. The interaction between powder compositions significantly influences the microstructure and, consequently, the wear resistance of the cladding layer. In particular, coupling effects, such as Cr₃C₂ &amp; NbC and Fe60 &amp; NbC, showed a stronger impact on wear resistance than individual compositions. The excellent wear resistance of the optimized cladding layer is attributed to a multi-scale strengthening mechanism. The micron-szied primary M₇C₃ carbides are well bonded to the substrate. Their elongated shape and high hardness contribute to improved wear resistance. The matrix of the cladding layer consists of eutectic structure composed of micron-sized M₂₃C₆ hard phase and submicron-sized ductile α-Fe phase. The honeycomb-like structure helps prevent excessive wear of α-Fe and the detachment of M₂₃C₆ during abrasion, which is crucial for enhancing overall wear resistance. The nanoscale precipitates strengthen the α-Fe phase, further improving the wear resistance of the fused cladding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 115560"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Si-induced stacking fault energy modulation and its impact on deformation mechanisms in non-equimolar CoCrCuNi alloys","authors":"Pin-Hua Chen ,&nbsp;Ting-En Shen ,&nbsp;Hsin-Chieh Jhou ,&nbsp;Wei-Chen Hsu ,&nbsp;Chong-Chi Chi ,&nbsp;Ming-Yen Lu ,&nbsp;Jien-Wei Yeh ,&nbsp;Che-Wei Tsai","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>X-ray diffraction is utilized to estimate the stacking fault energy (SFE) of the alloy prior to conducting the mechanical test in this research. Subsequently, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is employed to measure the widths of partial dislocation in specimens subject to tensile testing, enabling the determination of the SFE in the CoCrCuNiSi medium-entropy alloy. The alloys are prepared with small quantities of silicon to investigate its effects on SFE, specifically in three face-centered cubic low SFE alloys. The parameters necessary for SFE calculations are determined by digital image correlation to gain Poisson's ratio and nanoindentation to determine Young's modules. Furthermore, the subsequent mechanical property evaluations are performed to corroborate the precision of both measurements. Observations of the deformed microstructure using electron backscatter diffraction and TEM revealed that the reduction in SFE promotes the mechanisms of twinning-induced plasticity and transformation-induced plasticity effects, thereby contributing to an enhancement in the alloy's strength. The findings substantiate the correlation between SFE and the deformation mechanisms, highlighting the potential for optimizing alloy properties through the addition of minor elements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 115557"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring phase evolution and properties in Graphene/CuAlMn composites via post-process heat treatment","authors":"Dongxuan Li ,&nbsp;Xiaosong Jiang ,&nbsp;Hongliang Sun ,&nbsp;Rui Shu ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Zixuan Wu ,&nbsp;Liu Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CuAlMn alloys possess excellent damping capacity and are promising for vibration and noise reduction applications. To optimize their properties, the effects of two heat treatment routes on 0.25 wt% graphene-reinforced CuAlMn composites were systematically investigated. Microstructural and property analyses revealed that precipitation behavior was highly temperature-dependent and directly influenced mechanical and damping properties. Aging at 300 °C (Process I) yielded peak hardness (285 HV) and tensile strength (514 MPa) through enhanced martensitic ordering, while higher aging temperatures in Process II promoted γ₂ phase precipitation, leading to increased hardness (291 HV) but severe ductility loss. Damping capacity showed a non-monotonic response: low-temperature aging suppressed interface mobility, whereas γ₁′ martensite formation partially compensated, and extensive precipitation at 450 °C caused a 69 % reduction in damping. These results highlight the critical role of tailored heat treatment in balancing strength and damping in CuAlMn composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 115556"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation by phase mappings of microstructural-thermal-mechanical properties in equimolar refractory high-entropy alloys with reduced neutron cross-section","authors":"P.A. Ferreirós ,&nbsp;K. Ma ,&nbsp;C. Bearcroft ,&nbsp;A.J. Cackett ,&nbsp;K. Aryana ,&nbsp;M.S.B. Hoque ,&nbsp;P.E. Hopkins ,&nbsp;A.J. London ,&nbsp;A.J. Knowles","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-entropy alloys (HEA) hold promising potential as advanced technology fuel cladding materials for nuclear fission reactors. The HEAs typically exhibit low thermal conductivity, influencing substantially thermal spikes caused by nuclear collisions. In this framework, we screened over fifteen million combinations of quaternary and quinary equimolar HEAs to select the best alloy candidates for lower thermal neutron absorption cross-section combined with propensity to form a single-phase solid solution at high temperatures. Three of these HEAs NbZrTiMo, NbZrTiVMo, and NbZrTiV were arc-melted and characterised after thermal annealing at 1200 °C for 100 h. While a single-phase field was not achieved, each alloy exhibited a predominant bcc phase. We employed a unique combination of co-located advanced mapping techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR), and nanoindentation. High-resolution TDTR mapping was integrated with conventional mapping techniques (SEM, EDS, EBSD, and nanoindentation) to produce a micrometre-scale profile of the material properties. This multi-technique approach enabled a detailed characterisation of each phase, covering aspects such as phase size, morphology, distribution, crystalline orientation, chemical composition, thermal conductivity, nanohardness, and elastic modulus. The insights gained from this comprehensive characterisation provide a strong foundation for further HEAs optimisation, including efforts to enhance beneficial phases and suppress undesired ones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 115529"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}