Strengthening electron beam welded joints of AlCoCrFeNi2.1 eutectic high entropy alloy and 304 stainless steel via constructing cellular heterogeneous dual-phase microstructure

IF 5.5 2区材料科学 Q1 MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING

Materials Characterization Pub Date : 2025-09-13 DOI:10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115561

Zhanhua Gan , Guoqing Chen , Xinyan Teng , Yaorui Ma , Likuo Zhu , Junhong Zhao , Chen Yang , Xuesong Leng

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Abstract

Electron beam welding of AlCoCrFeNi_2.1 eutectic high entropy alloy and 304 stainless steel was studied. The application of this dissimilar joint was limited by its susceptibility to softening and low strength. Alloying of the joint was conducted using Al layers of varying thicknesses, and the optimally alloyed joint was subsequently subjected to post-weld heat treatment. When the alloying layers were 150 μm and 100 μm, the weld zone exhibited a B2 phase dominated matrix, resulting in joint embrittlement. Reducing the alloying layer thickness to 50 μm resulted in a significant enhancement of the joint strength, reaching 724 MPa. The cellular heterogeneous dual-phase microstructure was obtained in the weld zone, where the softer FCC phase provided ductility while the harder BCC phase contributed strength. The resulting hardened weld produced high strength joints that consistently fractured in the 304 stainless steel base metal. Subsequent heat treatment at 650 °C for 2 h was performed on the joint alloyed with the 50 μm interlayer. The BCC phase underwent coarsening and an ordering transformation, resulting in the formation of the B2 phase. The maximum width of the B2 phase reached approximately 4 μm, representing a 100 % increase. This growth resulted in enhanced second phase strengthening, contributing to joint strength of 761 MPa.

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通过构建胞状非均相双相组织，强化AlCoCrFeNi2.1共晶高熵合金与304不锈钢的电子束焊接接头

研究了AlCoCrFeNi2.1共晶高熵合金与304不锈钢的电子束焊接工艺。这种异种接头易软化、强度低，限制了其应用。采用不同厚度的铝层对接头进行合金化，并对最佳合金化接头进行焊后热处理。当合金层数为150 μm和100 μm时，焊缝区呈现B2相主导基体，导致接头脆化；当合金层厚度减小到50 μm时，接头强度显著提高，达到724 MPa。焊接区为胞状非均相双相组织，较软的FCC相具有延展性，较硬的BCC相具有强度。由此产生的硬化焊缝产生高强度接头，在304不锈钢基体金属中持续断裂。对50 μm中间层合金的接头进行650℃热处理2 h。BCC相经过粗化和有序转变，形成B2相。B2相的最大宽度达到约4 μm，增加了100%。这种生长导致第二相强化增强，接头强度达到761 MPa。

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来源期刊

Materials Characterization 工程技术-材料科学：表征与测试

CiteScore

7.60

自引率

8.50%

发文量

746

审稿时长

36 days

期刊介绍： Materials Characterization features original articles and state-of-the-art reviews on theoretical and practical aspects of the structure and behaviour of materials. The Journal focuses on all characterization techniques, including all forms of microscopy (light, electron, acoustic, etc.,) and analysis (especially microanalysis and surface analytical techniques). Developments in both this wide range of techniques and their application to the quantification of the microstructure of materials are essential facets of the Journal. The Journal provides the Materials Scientist/Engineer with up-to-date information on many types of materials with an underlying theme of explaining the behavior of materials using novel approaches. Materials covered by the journal include: Metals & Alloys Ceramics Nanomaterials Biomedical materials Optical materials Composites Natural Materials.