Materials Characterization最新文献

{"title":"Foam Ni-cu enhancement of ultrasound-assisted cu/Sn58Bi/cu joint properties","authors":"Jia-min Zhang ,&nbsp;Liang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yu-hao Chen ,&nbsp;Wei-min Long ,&nbsp;Xiao-bin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Foam Cu-Ni possesses a three-dimensional continuous structure, making it a practical reinforcing phase to enhanced joint strength. This study employed ultrasound-assisted soldering to strengthen the bonding between foam Cu-Ni, Sn58Bi solder, and Cu substrates. The microstructure of the composite joints, the growth behavior of interfacial intermetallic compounds (IMCs), and the shear strength were systematically investigated. The study results demonstrated that ultrasonication enhanced the metallurgical reaction between Cu/Sn58Bi-foam Cu-Ni/Cu, achieving excellent metallurgical bonding and accelerated the shaping of interfacial (Cu, Ni)₆Sn₅ IMC and altered the composition of the IMC layer. The average thickness of the IMC layer increased with prolonged ultrasonic time. The thickness of IMC was 2.04 μm when no ultrasound was applied and increased to 2.79 μm when ultrasound time reached 30s. When the ultrasonic time was lengthened, (Cu, Ni)₆Sn₅ grew within the matrix, establishing structural continuity with the foam Cu-Ni, significantly improved joint strength. The joint strength reached 62.47 MPa, 17.71 MPa higher strength than joints without ultrasonic treatment while the fracture characteristics showed a mixed fracture mode.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 115114"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing strength and toughness of nacre-inspired (TiBw-TiB2p)/Al hybrid composites by regulating Ti addition","authors":"Jidong Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuexi Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingfang Qian ,&nbsp;Junjian Zhou ,&nbsp;Lin Geng","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the problem of hot cracking caused by high temperature sintering for monolithic TiB₂ particle (TiB_2p) preforms, Ti particles were added to induce the an in-situ reaction Ti + TiB₂ → TiBw to create TiB whisker (TiBw) and reduce the sintering temperature of TiB_2p preforms. Nacre-inspired (TiBw-TiB_2p)/Al composites were prepared by freeze casting and pressure infiltration, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were tailored by regulating the Ti addition content. The addition of Ti particles altered the ceramic-rich layer thickness and the type/distribution of intermetallic compounds in the composites. The effect of Ti content on the flexural strength and fracture toughness of the composites was investigated. The results showed that 5Ti composite exhibited optimum mechanical properties with flexural strength of 811 MPa, crack initiation toughness (<em>K</em>_<em>Ic</em>) of 19.1 MPa·m^1/2 and crack growth toughness (<em>K</em>_<em>Jc</em>) of 24.9 MPa·m^1/2. The enhanced strength was mainly attributed to the hetero-deformation induced (HDI) hardening, while the improved toughness was due to multiple crack branching, deflection and blunting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 115123"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance upsetting welding of Zr-Sn/Zr-Nb alloy: Material flow behavior, bonding mechanism and performance in extreme environments","authors":"Yuanbo Bi ,&nbsp;Bingbing Chen ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Sun ,&nbsp;Zhongfeng Xu ,&nbsp;Li Lu ,&nbsp;Xueliang Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhen Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the process of resistance upsetting welding (RUW) of Zr-Sn/Zr-Nb alloy in nuclear fuel rods, the quality of the joint is unstable, the bonding is not strong and the sealing is poor because of the inaccurate control of the parameters such as forging forces and current. The effects of different forging forces on the joint were investigated through microstructure characterization and thermal-electric-mechanical coupling numerical simulation. By revealing the evolution of grain morphology, twin density, material flow, grain boundary proportion, so as to explain the plastic deformation characteristics and microstructure evolution of joints under large current, local high strain and high temperature. The comprehensive properties of the joint are evaluated by water corrosion, bursting test and tensile test. Water corrosion only thickens the oxide layer near the self-healing line, with the thickness of the oxide layer in other areas being similar to that of the base metal. The joints with different forging forces fractured in the area far from the weld regardless of the bursting or tensile tests. The large forging force accelerates the material flow of the joint, resulting in a rapid narrowing and elongation of the weld nugget compared to the low forging force.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 115111"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation mechanism of carbide-coated oxide core-shell structure in FGH96 superalloys","authors":"Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Yuanchen Liang ,&nbsp;Chenguang Guo ,&nbsp;Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Lin Zhang ,&nbsp;Shaorong Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuanhui Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The carbide-encapsulated oxide is a crucial component of prior particle boundaries (PPB), yet there still lacks direct evidence regarding its microscopic formation mechanism. In this work, Atom Probe Tomography and Transmission Electron Microscopy techniques were employed to investigate PPB in intermediate sintering states. It was found that the core-shell structure is related to the carbides and oxides already present on the powder surfaces, which slightly differs from the previously held conclusion that carbide nucleation and growth occur around isolated oxides as cores. When oxides and carbides (primarily M(<em>Ti</em>, <em>Nb</em>)C) from different powder surfaces come into contact, carbon elements from the interior of the powders migrate to the contact surfaces during sintering, triggering the growth of existing carbides. Ultimately, these growing carbides encapsulate adjacent oxide particles, forming a carbide-encapsulated oxide core-shell structure. Furthermore, inferring from the poor orientational relationship between MC carbides and the matrix, it is more likely that the carbides represent the growth of existing carbides rather than new nucleation. These findings provide insights into the formation mechanism of core-shell structure appeared in powder metallurgy superalloys, and suggests O may not influence the MC particles during sintering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 115108"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of microalloying with La and Nd on adiabatic shear behavior in ultra-coarse grained Cu alloy under quasistatic tensile loading","authors":"Mingyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Kunyu Chen ,&nbsp;Yang Li ,&nbsp;Wei Wang ,&nbsp;Lehui Zhang ,&nbsp;Chongyuan Huang ,&nbsp;Puyou Ying ,&nbsp;Jiaqiang Li ,&nbsp;Yong Huan ,&nbsp;Chong Zhao ,&nbsp;Chi Xiao ,&nbsp;Fei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Generally, adiabatic shear bands (ASBs) are formed under the conditions of dynamic loading and high strain rate deformation. Recently, we have observed the formation of the ASBs in ultra-coarse grained copper (Cu) alloys under quasi-static tensile loading. Our experimental results extend the formation mechanism and conditions of the ASBs. The results show that the addition of trace La and Nd elements in pure copper can promote the randomization and diversification of deformation texture, and inhibit the dynamic recovery process. The deformation mechanism of the as-casted rare-earth modified Cu alloy mainly includes grain boundary coordination deformation, dislocation slip and adiabatic shear deformation. The strengthening mechanism of the alloy mainly involves dispersion strengthening, grain refinement strengthening and strain hardening. The ASBs are formed in the pure Cu and Cu alloys during quasi-static tensile deformation, which is mainly related to the dynamic recrystallization process and the low strain rate sensitivity of the ultra-coarse grained Cu alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 115105"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure tailoring of Nb-based MAX phase by low temperature synthesis with layer-structured Nb2C powder and molten salt method","authors":"Chaehyun Lim ,&nbsp;Wonjune Choi ,&nbsp;Jongmin Byun","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduced a novel method to synthesize the Nb₂AlC, i.e., MAX phase, using the molten salt method. The Nb₂C phase was preferentially prepared using the Nb, Al, and graphite powders as starting materials. The parametric study enables the optimization of the synthesis condition, including the type of salt, the ratio of powder mixture to salt, synthesis temperature and time. High-quality Nb₂C powder was prepared following the optimized recipe, which was used to synthesize the Nb₂AlC powder. We confirmed that the Nb₂C phase using the molten salt method offers several advantages for Nb₂AlC MAX phase synthesis, compared to the NbC phase; Molten salt provided the diffusion path for the Al element to form a MAX phase while solid-to-solid diffusion required in the synthesis process without salt. In addition, the MAX phase was successfully synthesized at a relatively low temperature, 1100 °C, for 2 h.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 115106"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailorable elastic modulus of aluminum matrix composites via creation of interfacial intermetallic compounds","authors":"Xue Zhang ,&nbsp;Xuexi Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingfang Qian ,&nbsp;Lin Geng","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The modulus is an intrinsic parameter of metals and alloys and is often difficult to be tailored by conventional alloying method. A feasible strategy to increase the elastic modulus (E) of metals and alloys is to introduce hard, high-modulus ceramics. However, these traditional ceramic reinforcers often have poor interfacial bonding with the base alloy and are difficult to control the content and distribution. In this paper, ductile NiTi particle (NiTip) was added in pure Al alloy by ball milling and spark plasma sintering (SPS). The modulus of the NiTi/Al composite was modulated via in-situ tailorable interfacial reaction and formation of different contents and types of intermetallic compounds between NiTip and Al during SPS process. The composite sintered at 530 °C for 10 min (530 °C-10 min) was free of interfacial reaction product. While the 560 °C-10 min composite showed 100–500 nm thick reaction layer composed of Al-Ti and Al-Ni compounds (in-situ interfacial phase content ∼5.2 vol%). At even higher sintering temperature, the 600 °C-10 min composite exhibited 3–10 μm thick interfacial reaction layer (in situ interfacial phase content ∼36.8 vol%). As a result, the E of the 600 °C-10 min composite reached 107.21 GPa and was 58.34 % higher than that of the 530 °C-10 min composite (67.71 GPa). The increase of E is mainly attributed to the introduction of the interfacial Al-Ti and Al-Ni intermetallic compounds in the composite formed during SPS. The interfacial reaction also enhanced the interfacial bonding strength between NiTip and Al matrix, which is also favorable for the composite modulus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 115098"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intermetallics growth behavior and microstructure-mechanical properties relationship of Mo/BNi-2/FeCrAl brazed joint","authors":"Jincheng Lin ,&nbsp;Bangyang Xiao ,&nbsp;Hanyu Zhan ,&nbsp;Xiujie He ,&nbsp;Tiesong Lin ,&nbsp;Peng He ,&nbsp;Weiqi Yang ,&nbsp;Lili Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pure Mo metal was brazed to FeCrAl alloy by using the BNi-2 filler alloy. The wetting process, interfacial microstructure, reaction layer growth kinetics and joint mechanical properties were investigated. It's found that the reactive wetting involves a transition from Mo-Ni-Si reaction layer at liquid front to Mo<img>Ni reaction layer in wetting area. The growth kinetics of MoNi reaction layer is controlled by Mo<img>Ni short-circuit diffusion. Based on the diffusion-reaction model and experimental data, the time exponent <em>n</em> is calculated as 2.98 and the activation energy <em>Q</em> is 353.9 kJ·mol⁻¹. At higher brazing temperature or prolonging the brazing time, a Si-rich layer composed of Mo₂Ni₃Si and MoNi₄ preferentially grows between Mo and MoNi layer. The mutual diffusion between filler alloy and FeCrAl promotes the formation of (Ni, Fe)Al, strip-shape <em>σ</em>(Fe,Cr) and (Fe,Ni)₃Al nanophases in FeCrAl. The highest shear strength of 258 ± 41 MPa was obtained for the joint brazed at 990 °C for 10 min. The fracture morphology demonstrates that the thick MoNi layer degrades the joint performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 115092"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ablation behavior and mechanism of nanosecond laser machined SiCf/SiC composite under different assisted gases","authors":"Yue Cao ,&nbsp;Bin Wang ,&nbsp;Zhehang Li ,&nbsp;Jiajia Wang ,&nbsp;Shanshan Chen ,&nbsp;Kailiang Mao ,&nbsp;Qunli Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenwu Zhang ,&nbsp;Liyuan Sheng","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a kind of emerging ceramic matrix composites (CMCs), the SiC_f/SiC composite has demonstrated many advantages in the aerospace industry. However, its ultrahigh hardness and local brittleness greatly increase the machining difficulty by conventional methods. In the present research, the nanosecond laser had been employed to machine the SiC_f/SiC composite with different gases (O₂, N₂, and He), single pulse energy, and gas pressure. The laser machined SiC_f/SiC composite surfaces were characterized to reveal the influence of parameters on ablation behavior. The results exhibit that the gas type and single pulse energy influence the ablation of SiC_f/SiC composite significantly. Specifically, the laser ablation efficiency in O₂ gas is relative higher, but the oxidation is evident and the spattering is large. In contrast, the N₂ and He gases decrease the ablation efficiency and spattering, but the oxidation is also eliminated mostly as well. With the increasing of single pulse energy, the laser ablation efficiency, heat-affected zone and spattering enhanced simultaneously. Comparatively, the increased the gas pressure increases the laser ablation efficiency and spattering a little. Except for the slag taken away by gas stream, the active gas realizes the high-efficiency ablation by assisting reaction and vaporization, while the inert gas mainly depends on vaporization. In general, the high-power laser combining with high-pressure O₂ gas might be more appropriate for rough machining of SiC_f/SiC composite, which ensures the ablation efficiency. While the low-power laser with high-pressure inert atmosphere would be the best choice for final machining of SiC_f/SiC composite, which ensures the ablation quality. Such research might give a light on the machining of CMCs by nanosecond laser.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"225 ","pages":"Article 115096"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143899407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weak penetration strategy combined with post-weld aging treatment to optimize interface joining for dissimilar friction stir lap welded aluminum and titanium alloys","authors":"Han Li ,&nbsp;Huijie Zhang ,&nbsp;Xu Liu ,&nbsp;Rui Sun ,&nbsp;Qiuzhi Gao ,&nbsp;Kang Ma ,&nbsp;Jianling Song ,&nbsp;Yunqiang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to address the problems caused by excessive tool penetration into lower hard sheet during the friction stir lap welding (FSLW) of aluminum and titanium alloys, a weak penetration strategy combined with a post-weld low-temperature aging treatment is proposed and investigated for the dissimilar FSLW of 6061-O aluminum alloy and Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy in the present research. The results indicate that post-weld aging is capable of the elimination of cracks and voids formed at the hook structure during Al/Ti FSLW at relatively low rotation speed. Additionally, the low-temperature aging renders an improvement in bonding strength of lap surface, leading to the maximum joint efficiency of 95.5 % relative to the Al matrix. Microstructural analyses on weld interface reveal that the further recrystallization caused by aging induces approximately 90° rotation and obvious refinement for the stir zone grains. Furthermore, the smoother and more flattened Al/Ti weld interface characterized by a significant reduction in fragments and intermetallic compound clusters is produced through Gibbs-Thomson effect and Ostwald ripening principle during post-weld aging. The both factors represent the core mechanism through which low-temperature aging optimizes the interface structure and improves the joint performance. This research provides an effective technological approach for the interface optimization of Al/Ti lap joint, achieving a controllable balance between weld formation and mechanical property for significant practical implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 115097"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143891873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}