Materials Characterization最新文献

Effects of heat input on microstructure evolution and corrosion resistance of underwater laser cladding high-strength low-alloy steel coating 热输入对水下激光熔覆高强度低合金钢涂层微观结构演变和耐腐蚀性的影响

IF 4.8 2区材料科学

Materials Characterization Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114498

{"title":"Effects of heat input on microstructure evolution and corrosion resistance of underwater laser cladding high-strength low-alloy steel coating","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of heat input on the microstructure evolution and corrosion resistance of the high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel coating obtained by wire-feed underwater laser cladding were studied. Optical digital microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD), electrochemical tests, laser microscope and other characterization methods were used. As the heat input increased, the smoothness of the underwater cladding coating improved, with little changes in elemental distribution and phase composition. However, the content of acicular ferrite increased, while the amounts of lath bainite, lath martensite, and granular bainite decreased. As the heat input increased from 0.4 to 0.55 kJ/mm, the grain size increased from 25.3 to 55.9 μm, the proportion of low-angle grain boundaries rose from 61.3 % to 69.1 %, and the texture intensity of the (110) crystal plane increased from 16.22 to 23.83. Meanwhile, the dislocation density decreased from 4.9 × 10<sup>14</sup> to 4.1 × 10<sup>14</sup> m<sup>−2</sup>. These changes enhanced the corrosion resistance of underwater coating. As the heat input increased from 0.4 to 0.55 kJ/mm, the corrosion current density decreased from 2.13 × 10<sup>−5</sup> to 3.35 × 10<sup>−6</sup> A/cm<sup>2</sup>, and the corrosion potential increased from −0.823 to −0.529 V. Additionally, the depth-to-width ratio of the corrosion pits decreased from 0.255 to 0.053. This study laid the foundation for high-quality in-situ underwater repairs of ships and submarines made of high-strength steel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Regulating hardness homogeneity and corrosion resistance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy via ECAP combined with inter-pass aging 通过 ECAP 与层间时效相结合调节铝锌镁铜合金的硬度均匀性和耐腐蚀性能

IF 4.8 2区材料科学

Materials Characterization Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114489

{"title":"Regulating hardness homogeneity and corrosion resistance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy via ECAP combined with inter-pass aging","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114489","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114489","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The novel processing strategies of Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) combined with inter-pass aging was designed, and XRD, SEM, TEM, electrochemical testing, and hardness testing were used to evaluate the relationship between microstructure and performance of alloys in this work. The results indicate that the hardness uniformity of the circular cross-section perpendicular to the extrusion direction was improved by combining ECAP with inter-pass aging, resulting in a hardness inhomogeneity factor (∼0.030) that was lower than that achieved by peak aging and double-stage aging alloys. Polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectra show that a more negative corrosion potential and a smaller corrosion current density were possessed by the alloy, with the maximum intergranular corrosion depth (IGC) being reduced to 38 μm. Microstructure observation indicates that the improvement in hardness uniformity is due to the uniformity of grain size and the improved distribution and size of the η’ phase, which is attributed to the interaction between the pinning and shear effects of precipitates and dislocations during deformation. The enhanced corrosion resistance was attributed to an orderly combination of deformation and aging that increases the grain boundary volume and disrupts the η phase continuity within grain boundaries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microstructural evolution and cyclic oxidation behavior of HVOF-sprayed NiCrSi and NiCrC coatings on T11 steel T11 钢上 HVOF 喷涂的 NiCrSi 和 NiCrC 涂层的微观结构演变和循环氧化行为

IF 4.8 2区材料科学

Materials Characterization Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114495

{"title":"Microstructural evolution and cyclic oxidation behavior of HVOF-sprayed NiCrSi and NiCrC coatings on T11 steel","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study analyzes NiCrSi and NiCrC coatings developed on low alloy ferritic stainless steel (grade T11) through the HVOF spraying technique. The coatings were characterized by their phase constitution, microstructure, cyclic oxidation behavior, and hardness. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of the NiCr solid solution matrix as the primary phase in both coatings. Moreover, the microstructure of the NiCrSi coating included the hard intermetallic compounds like Cr₃Si and Ni₃Si and the NiCrC coating contained the hard phases like Cr₃C₂ and Ni₃C which improved the hardness and the wear resistance of the coatings. Microhardness measurements revealed that the coatings had an average hardness of 300 ± 50 HV, significantly greater than the substrate hardness of 225 ± 25 HV. Cyclic oxidation tests were carried out at 700 °C revealed that both the coatings showed a lower weight gain than the uncoated substrate, suggesting enhanced oxidation resistance. This was because the protective oxide layers like Cr₂O₃ and SiO₂ in the NiCrSi coating and Cr₂O₃ and NiO in the NiCrC coating were formed. X-ray analysis establish ed. the presence of these oxides, which inhibited oxygen penetration through the coatings and provided additional protection against oxidation. Therefore, the study revealed that both NiCrSi and NiCrC coatings have good mechanical and oxidation resistance properties, which make them suitable for high-temperature applications where there is a need for improved durability, wear resistance, and protection against oxidation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microstructural and thermal relaxation of residual stress in dual peened TA15 titanium alloy fabricated by SLM 利用 SLM 制造的双层强化 TA15 钛合金中残余应力的微观结构和热松弛

IF 4.8 2区材料科学

Materials Characterization Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114496

{"title":"Microstructural and thermal relaxation of residual stress in dual peened TA15 titanium alloy fabricated by SLM","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>TA15 (Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1 V) is a near-α titanium alloy widely used in aerospace applications due to its high specific strength and corrosion resistance. However, like other titanium alloys, TA15 faces significant manufacturing challenges. Selective Laser Melting (SLM), a high-precision additive manufacturing technique, enables the efficient production of complex components but also introduces issues such as tensile residual stress. This study investigates the effects of dual shot peening on the residual stress and microstructure of SLM-fabricated TA15 alloy, and analyzes the thermal relaxation behavior post-peening. The results indicate that shot peening induces a compressive residual stress (CRS) field near the material surface and significantly refines the grains in the deformed layer, resulting in the formation of nanocrystals. The introduction of low-intensity ceramic shots in dual shot peening effectively improves the surface quality and enhances CRS, although it has minimal impact on grain size and microstrain. Using the ZWA model, the activation energy for thermal relaxation of residual stress and microstrain was determined, revealing that their relaxation behavior is controlled by thermally activated diffusion of point defects, especially vacancies. Post-thermal exposure, extensive dislocation annihilation and grain growth were observed in the deformed layer, with recrystallized grain size increasing with annealing temperature and depth.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Damage mechanism identification and failure behavior of 2D needle-punched SiCf/SiC composites based on acoustic emission and digital image correlation 基于声发射和数字图像相关性的二维针刺碳化硅/碳化硅复合材料的损伤机制识别和失效行为

IF 4.8 2区材料科学

Materials Characterization Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114491

{"title":"Damage mechanism identification and failure behavior of 2D needle-punched SiCf/SiC composites based on acoustic emission and digital image correlation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to improve the reliability of damage analysis for SiC<sub>f</sub>/SiC composites, an identification method of damage mechanism was established by combining in-situ acoustic emission (AE) and digital image correlation (DIC). The corresponding failure behavior of 2D needle-punched SiC<sub>f</sub>/SiC composites during ambient-temperature tensile test was investigated in detail. Through a machine learning <em>k</em>-means algorithm, AE signals could be effectively divided into five clusters: friction and sliding, interface damage, matrix cracking, individual fiber breaks and collective fiber breaks. DIC results show that the surface strain of composites increased non-uniformly during the tensile process, and the architecture of the composites had a significant influence on the initiation and propagation of cracks. To summarize, the tensile process consisted of three stages: the elastic stage, the rapid propagation of matrix cracks, the coordinated fiber fracture within the large strain bands. The failure of composites was dominated by the limited load transferring ability of the interface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reshaping precipitate structure and morphology in an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy through dislocation-precipitate interactions 通过位错-沉淀相互作用重塑铝锌镁铜合金中的沉淀结构和形态

IF 4.8 2区材料科学

Materials Characterization Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114486

引用次数: 0

Elevated-temperature performances of Al-Si-Cu casting alloys for cylinder head applications 用于气缸盖的铝硅铜铸造合金的高温性能

IF 4.8 2区材料科学

Materials Characterization Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114484

{"title":"Elevated-temperature performances of Al-Si-Cu casting alloys for cylinder head applications","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114484","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114484","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, high-temperature properties of two newly developed Al-Si-Cu alloys (2Cu and 3.5Cu alloys) were investigated and compared to the commercial-grade A356 + 0.5Cu alloy (R alloy). 3.5Cu alloy exhibited the highest strength, outperforming R alloy by over 50 MPa at room temperature and by more than 20 MPa at elevated temperatures in ultimate tensile strength. However, R alloy demonstrated three to four times higher elongation than 3.5Cu alloy at room temperature, though this difference diminished at high temperatures. The minimum creep rate of 3.5Cu alloy was 2.4 times lower than that of 2Cu alloy and 14.5 times lower than that of R alloy, showing the superior creep resistance. Under low cycle fatigue loadings, the fatigue lifetimes of R and 2Cu alloys were similar, and slightly longer than that of 3.5Cu alloy. Conversely, in the high cycle fatigue regime, 3.5Cu alloy exhibited the highest fatigue resistance, followed by 2Cu and R alloys. The superior high-temperature performances of 3.5Cu alloy were attributed to the enhanced thermal stability of θ' precipitates compared to β' precipitates in R alloy, as confirmed during long-term thermal exposures at 250 and 300 °C. These findings suggest that 3.5Cu alloy is a promising candidate to replace the traditional A356 + 0.5Cu alloy for cylinder head applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Excellent combinations of strength-ductility and corrosion resistance in SAF 2205 duplex stainless steel with multi-scale grain distribution 具有多尺度晶粒分布的 SAF 2205 双相不锈钢具有出色的强度、电导率和耐腐蚀性能组合

IF 4.8 2区材料科学

Materials Characterization Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114490

{"title":"Excellent combinations of strength-ductility and corrosion resistance in SAF 2205 duplex stainless steel with multi-scale grain distribution","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a multi-scale grain structure was obtained in SAF 2205 duplex stainless steel (DSS) by severe deformation and short-term annealing process. The influence of this structure on the mechanical properties and electrochemical behavior is systematically investigated. Experimental results indicate that the sample subjected to short-term annealing at 1000 °C (SA-1000 °C) exhibits the best comprehensive properties, with a yield strength (YS) of 652.6 MPa and an elongation (EL) of 39.9 %. Both strength and ductility surpass those of the original sample and long-term annealed (LA-1000 °C) samples. The strength-ductility product is increased by 32 % compared to the original sample and by 18 % compared to the LA-1000 °C sample. The increase in YS is predominantly attributed to dislocation strengthening and grain refinement strengthening, and the heterogeneous microstructure leads to good ductility. Moreover, the multi-scale distribution of the grain structure exhibits enhanced corrosion resistance due to the increased low-Σ grain boundaries and the promotion of stable passivation film formation by a limited number of defects, thereby mitigating the corrosion rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of TiC and Ni addition on densification and mechanical properties of microwave sintered ZrB2 based composites 添加 TiC 和 Ni 对微波烧结 ZrB2 基复合材料致密化和机械性能的影响

IF 4.8 2区材料科学

Materials Characterization Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114481

{"title":"Influence of TiC and Ni addition on densification and mechanical properties of microwave sintered ZrB2 based composites","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114481","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114481","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effects of TiC (10–30 vol%) and Ni (1–2 vol%) incorporation on densification, microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of microwave sintered ZrB<sub>2</sub> matrix-based composites were investigated in the present study. The findings reveal that TiC addition significantly improves the densification of ZrB<sub>2</sub> based composites, while the inclusion of Ni further improves densification of ZrB<sub>2</sub>–20 vol% TiC composite by reducing porosity and restricting the grain growth of both ZrB<sub>2</sub> and TiC phases. Additionally, the highest Vickers hardness of 22.25 ± 1.33 GPa and compressive strength of 1556.2 ± 40.17 MPa were obtained for the ZrB<sub>2</sub>–20 vol% TiC composite due to lower porosity, lower grain size and higher TiC diffusion in the ZrB<sub>2</sub> matrix. The fracture toughness enhanced with TiC and Ni addition and the maximum fracture toughness was observed as 6.66 ± 0.47 MPa.m<sup>0.5</sup> along with the highest critical energy release rate of 95.16 ± 11.68 J/m<sup>2</sup> for the ZrB<sub>2</sub>–20 vol% TiC-2 vol% Ni composite owing to the activation of toughening mechanisms like crack bridging, crack deflection and open pores as crack deflectors. Nanoindentation studies revealed significant improvements in elastic modulus and stiffness with the addition of TiC. The maximum elastic modulus and stiffness were observed as 482.91 ± 36.36 GPa and 237.24 ± 20.28 μN/nm for ZrB<sub>2</sub>–20 vol% TiC composite. The study highlights the potential of incorporating metallic additives with secondary reinforcements to enhance the mechanical properties and microstructures of ZrB<sub>2</sub> matrix, making them potential materials for high-temperature applications such as control surfaces, nose caps and leading edges of supersonic aircrafts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing mechanical and corrosion properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy through electropulsing and aging alternate treatment 通过电脉冲和时效交替处理提高铝锌镁铜合金的机械性能和腐蚀性能

IF 4.8 2区材料科学

Materials Characterization Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114485

{"title":"Enhancing mechanical and corrosion properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy through electropulsing and aging alternate treatment","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114485","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The contradiction between mechanical and corrosion properties restricts the further research and application of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy. Studies report a new technique, electropulsing and aging alternate treatment (EPAAT), including twice electropulsing and aging treatment, to solve this contradiction by precisely controlling the intragranular precipitates and grain boundary precipitates (GBPs). The results show that the grain boundary precipitates (GBPs, η) are discontinuous and the intragranular precipitates (η’) are not coarsened after EPAAT. The precise regulation of precipitated phase by EPAAT can be attributed the differing effect of electropulsing current on the GBPs and the intragranular precipitates. Utilize electropulsing primary treatment to obtain the supersaturated solid solution. Following natural aging, the small continuous phases at the grain boundary and the GP zones within the grain were precipitated again. The small continuous GPBs of the sample diffuse along the grain boundaries and become discontinuously distributed, while the GP zones within the grain dissolve with under the electropulsing secondary treatment. After artificial aging, the intragranular phase is fully precipitated, yet the GBPs remain unchanged, thereby achieving phase regulation. Consequently, the <em>i</em><sub>corr</sub> of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy decreases from 28 to 5.87 μA/cm<sup>2</sup> and the tensile strength increases from 511 MPa to 524 MPa. The EPAAT technology realizes the accurate treatment of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys and provides a new solution for improving strength and corrosion properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0