Materials Characterization最新文献

{"title":"Enhancement of the mechanical strength in laser powder bed fused La/Ce-rich La-Ce-Fe-Co-Si magnetocaloric materials via crack healing","authors":"Kai Xu ,&nbsp;Xiang Lu ,&nbsp;Xiang Li ,&nbsp;Chunfeng Lao ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Guoxin Yu ,&nbsp;Jian Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) has been recently adopted to prepare magnetocaloric La(Fe,Si)₁₃-based alloys due to geometry design freedom and near-net-shape features. However, the as-printed sample showed pronounced cracks which hindered their application. Here, La/Ce-rich La-Ce-Fe-Co-Si alloys were prepared by LPBF and the microstructural evolution after 30 min of short annealing was investigated. The as-printed sample consisted of uniformly fine La/Ce-rich and α-Fe(Co,Si) phases with many cold cracks. Notably, these cracks were filled with La/Ce oxides during annealing, leading to a certain degree of healing. Owing to the crack healing effect and the fine microstructure, an excellent compressive strength of 570 MPa was obtained. The annealed samples contained 79.06 wt% of NaZn₁₃-type phases, and the magnetic entropy change was −7.48 J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹ for a magnetic field change of 0–5 T. This research presents a promising route of rare-earth rich composition design for obtaining high-strength La(Fe,Si)₁₃-based magnetic refrigerants by the LPBF method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 115572"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision synthesis and growth kinetics of one-dimensional carbon nanostructures by Co-based catalysts","authors":"Zhaofan Zhou,&nbsp;Ruoxi Zhang,&nbsp;Jiachen Meng,&nbsp;Yi Cao,&nbsp;Jinhua Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115571","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microstructures of one-dimensional carbon nanomaterials directly govern their properties and applications. Thus, precise structural control remains a focus goal of carbon-nanomaterial research. Transition-metal catalysts induce the growth of one-dimensional carbon nanomaterials via the adsorption and precipitation of carbon atoms. However, how oxygen doping in the catalyst affects the resulting nanostructures remains incompletely understood. In this work, Co-based catalysts were exposed to either a carbon-only or an oxygen-containing atmosphere, leading to the synthesis of two one-dimensional carbon nanomaterials with distinctly different microstructures. Bamboo-like carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized in the carbon-only atmosphere, whereas solid wire-like carbon nanowires (CNWs) were obtained in the oxygen-containing atmosphere. Compared CNTs and CNWs, the graphite layers within the carbon nanomaterials exhibit different stacking orientations. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) were employed to analyze the elemental distribution and crystal structure of the Co-based catalysts. The CoO phase was confirmed to exist within the catalysts of CNWs, which redirected the microstructures of the one-dimensional carbon nanomaterials by modulating the phase stability and lattice parameters. Therefore, this work discovers a new way for altering the microstructure of one-dimensional carbon nanomaterials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 115571"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological evolution and internal strain mapping of 2.5D-C/SiC composite materials under laser load using X-CT and digital volume correlation","authors":"Zhenkui Chen ,&nbsp;Wei Li ,&nbsp;Yi Ma ,&nbsp;Yiping Yu ,&nbsp;Rengeng Li ,&nbsp;Song Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115553","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the field of active thermal protection in aerospace, the research on C/SiC composites as transpiration cooling porous materials has garnered increasing attention. This paper examines the microstructural evolution behavior of 2.5D-C/SiC composites under laser load, employs DVC technology to analyze the stress-strain characteristics of thermal deformation within the material's microstructure, and investigates the impact of microstructural evolution on the transpiration cooling properties of 2.5D-C/SiC composites. The research findings indicate that image pixel grayscale values obtained via CT scanning can qualitatively assess changes in the composition of 2.5D-C/SiC composites. The evolution process of the microstructure of 2.5D-C/SiC composites can be analyzed using in-situ CT scanning and DVC technology. The impact of microstructural evolution on the transpiration cooling performance of 2.5D-C/SiC composites is significant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 115553"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creep behavior and microstructure evolution of GH4169 superalloy joint produced by linear friction welding","authors":"Shitong Ma ,&nbsp;Yuluan Liu ,&nbsp;Yu Su ,&nbsp;Wenlong Fan ,&nbsp;Zhenguo Guo ,&nbsp;Rui Xu ,&nbsp;Wenwei Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiawei Yang ,&nbsp;Tiejun Ma ,&nbsp;Wenya Li","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To clarify the creep properties of linear friction welding superalloy joint, providing reference for engineering application, reliable GH4169 superalloy joints were achieved by linear friction welding (LFW), the creep properties were tested, creep mechanism and microstructure evolution were analyzed. This study investigated the creep failure mode and microstructure evolution of LFW GH4169 joint at 650 °C/700 MPa and 700 °C/660 MPa. Optical microscopy, Electron backscatter diffraction, Vickers microhardness and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize microstructure evolution of the as-weld joint and crept features. The experimental results show that LFW joint exhibits excellent creep resistance at 650 °C, and creep life rapidly decreases with increase of creep temperature. The fracture took place within base metal, which is different from conventional creep rule, and main failure mode is grain boundary debonding or sliding. The plastic deformation capacity of large-sized grains in the base metal is low, resulting in a high degree of stress concentration. The high stress local concentration at interface leads to initiation, coalescence and propagation of microcracks, resulting in failure of joint.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 115568"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between intragranular precipitation, DRX, and mechanical properties in multi-directional forging Mg-Zn-Gd-Y alloys","authors":"Yang Yu ,&nbsp;Kun-kun Deng ,&nbsp;Cui-ju Wang ,&nbsp;Kai-bo Nie ,&nbsp;Yi-jia Li ,&nbsp;Xiao-jun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work investigates the effect of multi-directional forging (MDF) temperature on the dynamic precipitation, dynamic recrystallization (DRX), work hardening and softening behavior of Mg-5Zn-1Gd-1Y (ZGW511) alloy. The addition of rare earth (RE) elements restricts Zn diffusion due to their drag effect and low diffusivity, promoting in-situ intragranular precipitation. The W phase (Mg₃Zn₃RE₂) with lower Gibbs free energy preferentially undergoes dynamic precipitation. And the pinning effect of the intragranular precipitated W phase on the dislocation inhibits the nucleation of DRX. Increasing forging temperature promotes Ostwald ripening, enlarging W phase particles and enhancing their pinning effect, leading to a gradual decrease in DRX volume fraction. Concurrently, the reduced dislocation density and increased grain size weaken work-hardening and softening. While the intragranular W phase hinders the dislocation motion and triggers local dislocation accumulation, its periodic distribution forms sub-micron dislocation channels that facilitate the transfer of dislocation slip, resulting in the increasing <span><math><mo>∆</mo><msub><mi>σ</mi><mi>p</mi></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>σ</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></math></span> with the increasing number of stress relaxation cycles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 115567"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of chemical short-range order on the dislocation behavior of a multi-principal element alloy single crystal under shock loading","authors":"Shipan Yin ,&nbsp;Fan Zhang ,&nbsp;Zezhou Li ,&nbsp;Qinghui Tang ,&nbsp;Zigao Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingyao He ,&nbsp;Zeyu Meng ,&nbsp;Xingwang Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115570","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115570","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The CrCoNi single crystal, as a prototypical multi-principal element alloy (MPEA), with different degrees of chemical short-range order (CSRO) was employed to probe the effect of CSRO on the dislocation behavior of the MPEA under shock loading. As shock loading is along the [111] of single crystal, partial dislocations and corresponding stacking faults (SFs) are responsible for the microstructural response. As the marked increase of CSRO, the local misorientation and geometrically necessary dislocations in the deformed microstructure decreased slightly. By analyzing the strain field of SFs at the atomic scale, we further quantitatively determined the SF width. The average width of the SFs does not show substantial difference in the CrCoNi with different degree of CSRO considering the standard deviation. Our findings demonstrate that deformation behavior is negligibly dependent on CSRO in MPEAs under extreme loading conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 115570"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulating gradient heterogeneous structure in additive manufactured 316 L stainless steel for optimizing mechanical properties","authors":"Jing Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiapeng Sun ,&nbsp;Ying Han ,&nbsp;Mingkun Jiang ,&nbsp;Jing Han ,&nbsp;Guosong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115569","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper aims to produce and customize the gradient heterogeneous microstructure in the selective laser melting (SLM)-fabricated 316 L stainless steel through ultrasonic severe surface rolling (USSR), with an aim to optimize the strength-plasticity balance. The resultant gradient heterogeneous structure is characterized by the integration of a gradient surface layer and a heterogeneous core, thus demonstrating a high degree of microstructural heterogeneity. This microstructure imparts an extraordinary strength-ductility balance to the 316 L stainless steel. Furthermore, by controlling the static pressure, a vital processing parameter of the USSR technique, it is feasible to customize the microstructure as well as mechanical properties. Increasing the static pressure leads to a higher volume fraction of the gradient surface layer and promotes finer grain structures near the surface. This results in an enhancement of the tensile strength, despite a slight sacrifice in ductility. Consequently, the USSR sample processed at a static pressure of 0.6 MPa achieves an impressive combination of high yield strength of 758.2 ± 15.6 MPa and considerable ductility of 33.1 ± 2.0 %. Molecular dynamics simulation further reveals that dislocation slip and deformation twinning serve as the primary deformation mechanisms in 316 L stainless steel during USSR processing, with their complex interaction playing a crucial role in grain refinement and the formation of the gradient heterogeneous structures. Our work paves the way for engineering high-performance additively manufactured 316 L stainless steel parts through USSR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 115569"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grain structure evolution in Al-Mg(-Sc-Zr) alloys during additive friction stir deposition","authors":"Maureen Puybras ,&nbsp;Véronique Massardier ,&nbsp;Matthew Barnett ,&nbsp;Michel Perez ,&nbsp;Thomas Dorin","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Abstract</div><div>Additive Friction Stir Deposition (AFSD) is an emerging solid-state additive manufacturing process that enables the printing of large aluminium parts through friction-induced heat. This study investigates the deformation and microstructural evolution of two friction stir deposited aluminium alloys: Al<img>Mg and Al-Mg-Sc-Zr. Both alloys were printed using a MELD machine with constant process parameters. To further analyze the recrystallization and recovery occurring during deposition, a quenching step was implemented at the end of the deposition. EBSD analyses revealed significant differences in microstructure between both alloys. The addition of Al₃(Sc<em>,</em> Zr) dispersoids resulted in a remarkable homogeneity of grain size and orientation throughout the depth of the prints with a much finer microstructure than that observed in the Al<img>Mg alloy which exhibited an increase in grain size with depth. These differences in microstructure indicated different recovery and/or recrystallization mechanisms while some signs of Continuous Dynamic Recrystallization (CDRX) were observed in both alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 115566"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of quench-rate on the mechanical property and nano-structure evolution of T6-treated Al-7Si-0.4 Mg casting alloy","authors":"Hyeon-Woo Son ,&nbsp;Jung-Moo Lee ,&nbsp;Young-Hee Cho ,&nbsp;Soo-Bae Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of quench-rate on the mechanical properties, microstructure, and strain-hardening behavior of T6-treated Al-Si-Mg alloys. Three distinct cooling processes—water quenching (WQ), forced-air blowing (FAB), and air cooling (AC)—were employed to control the cooling rate after solution treatment. The results demonstrate that both strength and ductility are significantly affected by quench-rate and subsequent aging. WQ achieved the highest yield strength and elongation, while AC resulted in pronounced reductions in both properties. The intermediate quench-rate of FAB maintained strength relatively well but caused a marked decrease in ductility. Strain-hardening analysis based on Kocks–Mecking plots revealed that the maximum strain-hardening rate (θ_max) decreased with increasing yield strength, whereas the dynamic recovery parameter (K) remained nearly constant, except in the AC alloy, which exhibited higher K values. Microstructural analysis showed that the size of eutectic Si particles increased moderately with decreasing cooling rate due to Si diffusion into the dendritic cell boundaries, leading to localized Si depletion and suppression of precipitation in these regions. Furthermore, quench-rate substantially altered the nanoscale precipitate structures both in the core and outer regions of the dendritic cells. The WQ alloy retained conventional high-aspect-ratio β″ precipitates regardless of dendrite position, while the FAB alloy exhibited a fine, dense distribution of spherical clusters and GP zones in the dendrite core, and the AC alloy predominantly contained low-aspect-ratio precipitates. FAB and AC alloys also presented increased amounts of over-aged precipitates and wider precipitate-free zones (PFZ). These microstructural heterogeneities are considered key contributors to the deterioration in ductility, with the outer-region precipitate morphology playing a dominant role in the reduced elongation observed in slowly quenched alloys. The findings highlight that precise control of quench-rate and the resulting precipitate morphology is essential for optimizing the balance of strength and ductility in Al-Si-Mg alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 115565"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure and mechanical properties of Co-free maraging steel fabricated by double-wire CMT + P arc-directed energy deposition","authors":"Gaige Chang ,&nbsp;Dongqing Yang ,&nbsp;Pengfei Gao ,&nbsp;Qiangkun Wang ,&nbsp;Baihao Cai ,&nbsp;Yong Huang ,&nbsp;Heguo Zhu ,&nbsp;Kehong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A Co-free maraging steel component, demonstrating excellent forming quality and freedom from internal defects, was successfully fabricated using the double-wire CMT + P arc-directed energy deposition (DED-Arc) process at a deposition rate of 6.4 kg/h. The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of the deposited component were examined. Results revealed the component possessed a multi-layer structure along the building direction. Horizontally, it exhibited an alternating structural pattern comprising overlap areas (OA) and central fusion zones (CFZ). The overall microstructure consists of martensite, austenite, and Ni₃Ti precipitates. Austenite content increased and grain size decreased towards the bottom, attributed to varying heat dissipation conditions and inherent thermal cycles during DED-Arc. Compared to the OA, the CFZ exhibited a finer grain size and a higher proportion of high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs); however, no significant difference was observed in the distribution of Ni₃Ti precipitates between the two regions. Tensile strengths were measured at 1163 ± 32 MPa (X), 1183 ± 33 MPa (Y), and 1135 ± 11 MPa (Z). Corresponding impact toughness values were 34.5 ± 3.1 J/cm² (X), 34.3 ± 1.9 J/cm² (Y), and 37.8 ± 4.3 J/cm² (Z). Ductile fracture predominated in both tension and impact tests. Microhardness in the top region was relatively low due to heat accumulation and thermal history variations. Furthermore, microstructural differences between the OA and CFZ led to higher microhardness in the CFZ. These findings demonstrate the successful application of the double-wire CMT + P DED-Arc process for maraging steel, providing an important reference for the future development of efficient, high-performance DED-Arc processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 115564"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}