Materials Characterization最新文献

{"title":"Pattern matching workflows for EBSD data analysis: Quartz chirality mapping","authors":"Grzegorz Cios,&nbsp;Aimo Winkelmann,&nbsp;Tomasz Tokarski,&nbsp;Piotr Bala","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pattern matching approaches to electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) in the scanning elec-tron microscope (SEM) provide qualitatively new possibilities for the microstructural analysis of chiral non-centrosymmetric phases due to the influence of dynamical electron diffraction effects on the formation of EBSD Kikuchi patterns. In the present study, we analyze the mi-crostructure of polycrystalline α-quartz in an agate mineral sample. We identify characteristic intra-grain inversion domains of different handedness which are well-known from classical po-larized light microscopy. As a result, the handedness-resolved microstructure of quartz can be imaged with the spatial and orientation resolution provided by EBSD in the SEM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 115076"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interfacial characterization and cracking behavior of NiTi/AlSi12 bimetallic structures fabricated by multi-material laser additive manufacturing","authors":"Zeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaojing Sun ,&nbsp;Ding Yuan ,&nbsp;Jiahua Wang ,&nbsp;Haixin Li ,&nbsp;Chao Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>NiTi/AlSi12 bimetallic structures were fabricated by multi-material laser additive manufacturing (MM-LAM). The effects of different process parameters on the interface characteristics and microhardness of NiTi/AlSi12 bimetallic structures were studied. The interfacial layer thickness increases from 198.14 μm to 302.18 μm with the increase of laser energy density. A larger hatch space can alleviate the interfacial cracks. The larger hatch space can generate less continuous intermetallic compounds (IMCs), which leads to fewer cracks in the molten pool. Compared with the microhardness of NiTi and AlSi12 regions, the microhardness of the interface was the highest, with a maximum microhardness range of 650 HV–1000 HV. The interface composition, crack behavior, and crack formation mechanism of NiTi/AlSi12 bimetallic structures were analyzed. The interface mainly included the molten pool boundary region and the multiphase mixing region. In the interface, the molten pool boundary near the NiTi region was enriched with many nano-scale Ti<img>Si grains. The multiphase mixing region in the interface was mainly dominated by many Ti<img>Al, Ni<img>Al IMCs and a small amount of Ti<img>Si intermetallic silicides (IMSs). Cracks were initiated in the multiphase mixing region of the interface, where there were a large number of brittle IMCs and IMSs, with high residual stresses. The transgranular and intergranular propagation occurred along the multiphase mixing region, NiTi grains and grain boundaries in the interface. The crack is arrested in the multiphase mixing region rich in Al₃Ni₂. There was lower residual stress in this region. Moreover, it is calculated that Al₃Ni₂ had a low degree of anisotropy compared to other phases in the NiTi/AlSi12 interface, making it difficult to continue inducing micro-cracks. Therefore, the Al₃Ni₂-enriched region acts as a barrier to crack propagation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 115075"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143881353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology distribution and corrosion resistance of in-situ TiC/CoCrFeNi high-entropy alloy coating","authors":"Zhong-Tang Gao ,&nbsp;Rui-Qi Wang ,&nbsp;Ling-Chen Ke ,&nbsp;Ya Liu ,&nbsp;Zhi-Ming Gao ,&nbsp;Chuan-Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuan Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CoCrFeNiTi_<em>x</em>C_<em>x</em> (x = 0.1,0.2,0.3) coatings were prepared on the surface of Q235 steel by laser cladding. The effects of in-situ synthesized TiC content on the microstructure and properties of the coating were studied by scanning electron microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, transmission electron microscope and electrochemical corrosion. The results show that in-situ TiC mainly exists in the form of small particles in the matrix, and with the increase of Ti and C content, the distribution of in-situ TiC in the crystal becomes uniform and dispersed. The in-situ precipitated TiC in the coating has an obvious phase relationship with the matrix, TiC[<span><math><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover></math></span>00]∥matrix phase [<span><math><mover><mn>2</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover><mover><mn>1</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover></math></span>0], TiC(00<span><math><mover><mn>2</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover></math></span>)∥matrix phase (1<span><math><mover><mn>2</mn><mo>¯</mo></mover></math></span>0). The electrochemical corrosion performance of CoCrFeNiTi_0.2C_0.2 in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution is good, and the corrosion form mainly exists in the form of grain boundary corrosion and pitting corrosion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 115078"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Friction stir welding of 2195 AlLi alloy: Effect of microstructure on joint failure","authors":"Yaxing Tong ,&nbsp;Bolun Dong ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Cai ,&nbsp;Hua Zhang ,&nbsp;Sanbao Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the failure mechanisms in friction stir welded (FSW) joints of 2195 aluminum‑lithium alloy, aiming to uncover the microstructural evolution, texture changes, precipitate phase behavior, and their impact on mechanical properties in regions near failure locations. FSW of 2195 Al<img>Li alloy was performed at room temperature with welding parameters of 425 rpm rotational speed and 100 mm/min welding speed. The analysis, combining tensile testing and digital image correlation (DIC) techniques, revealed that local strain migrated from the heat-affected zone (HAZ) on the retreating side towards the HAZ on the advancing side, with fracture ultimately occurring at the interface between the HAZ and the thermo-mechanically affected zone on the advancing side (TMAZ-AS). A systematic investigation of the microstructural evolution in the fracture region was conducted using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), microhardness testing, and finite element modeling (FEM). The results indicated an increase in deformation texture strength in the HAZ, while the TMAZ-AS exhibited shear texture. The HAZ showed lower average kernel average misorientation values and dislocation density, indicating less localized plastic deformation in this region. The decrease in microhardness from the base material (BM) to the HAZ was attributed to the coarsening of T₁ and δ’/β’ phases, while the increase in hardness from the HAZ to the TMAZ-AS was due to solid solution and dislocation strengthening. FEM simulations demonstrated that the HAZ experienced temperatures between 220 and 300 °C, while the TMAZ-AS reached 300–500 °C. Micro-cracks were observed along grain boundary precipitates in the HAZ, and the presence of a wide precipitate-free zone (PFZ) was identified as the primary cause of tensile fracture, which exhibited a quasi-cleavage fracture mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 115077"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonequilibrium solidification behavior and microstructural evolution of SiC fiber/TC17 composites under rapid solidification conditions","authors":"Hongwen Deng ,&nbsp;Xingjia Ma ,&nbsp;Lingyi Cao ,&nbsp;Dongsheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Chunxia Yao ,&nbsp;Bingbing Zhang ,&nbsp;Xu Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid additive manufacturing is an efficient method for fabricating complicated structures on fiber-reinforced titanium matrix composite workpieces. However, the laser thermal input can remelt the involved substrate, causing considerable interactions between the Ti-alloy matrix and SiC fibers (SiC_fs). Therefore, it is difficult to characterize nonequilibrium-solidification behaviors and the corresponding microstructural evolution under extreme rapid-solidification conditions. Herein, in-situ synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction was employed to investigate the microstructural evolution mechanisms of SiC_f/TC17 composites in real-time under different laser remelting conditions. Results indicated that in different regions within the melt pool, the phase precipitation behaviors were different, which were influenced by the Si and C concentrations in the melt due to the decomposition of fibers. Solidification begins near the melt pool boundaries, where low Si and C concentrations results in the β-Ti phase precipitating first, followed by the precipitation of TiC_x phases in the dendritic regions between the β-Ti phases. In the middle region of the melt pool, increasing solidification time causes decomposition of more SiC_fs. Increasing the Si and C concentrations in the melt enhances TiC_x precipitation, which should be prioritized, followed by the formation of Ti₅Si₃ phases and (β-Ti + Ti₅Si₃) eutectic phases. Further solidification induces Ti₃SiC₂ precipitation. The top region of the melt pool solidifies during the last solidification stage. High Si and C concentrations promote the preferential precipitation of Ti₅Si₃ dendrites and (Ti₅Si₃ + TiSi₂) eutectic phases, forming a considerably textured microstructure. The Ti₃SiC₂ and TiSi₂ phases primarily precipitate between the Ti₅Si₃ dendrites, and TiSi₂ phases are the last phases to precipitate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 115073"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143868739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of reduced Ni content on the damage mechanisms of duplex stainless steels with metastable austenite during cyclic deformation","authors":"Xiaolong Li ,&nbsp;Yiran Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhilei Liu ,&nbsp;Jiawei Qi ,&nbsp;Miao Jin ,&nbsp;Lei Chen ,&nbsp;Xingzhou Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In TRIP-assisted duplex stainless steels (DSSs), the reduction in Ni content significantly decreases the stability and the stacking fault energy (SFE) of austenite, thereby inducing extensive martensitic transformations. This results in complex strain partitioning between phases and intricate characteristics of microcrack nucleation and propagation. Low cycle fatigue tests with <span><math><msub><mi>ε</mi><mi>a</mi></msub><mo>=</mo></math></span>1.0 % were conducted on nearly Ni-free and 2 % Ni TRIP-assisted DSSs to observe and compare the microcrack nucleation and propagation characteristics of the two DSSs, thereby investigating the effect of reduced Ni content on the damage behavior of TRIP-assisted DSSs. The results show that the decrease in Ni content significantly affects the damage behavior of TRIP-assisted DSSs. Microcracks are observed to nucleate within both the original austenite (ori <span><math><mi>γ</mi></math></span>) and the ferrite in both DSSs. However, the proportion are different in the two DSSs. Microcracks within the original austenite initiate in the transformed <span><math><msup><mi>α</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></math></span> martensite, due to the poor plasticity of <span><math><msup><mi>α</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></math></span> martensite. Microcracks within the ferrite form due to continuous cracking and further propagation into the metal interior at the tips of persistent slip bands (PSBs) under repeated tensile and compressive loading. Microcracks are also observed to nucleate at the interface between original austenite and ferrite in the nearly Ni-free DSS. These cracks occur at the <span><math><msup><mi>α</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></math></span> martensite/ferrite, and the <span><math><msup><mi>α</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></math></span> martensite/austenite/ferrite interfaces. This is due to the incompatibility of mechanical properties of the phases, which results in uneven deformation and the formation of strain discontinuities at the interfaces, thereby causing damage at phase boundaries. The propagation paths of microcracks are consistent with their nucleation locations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 115071"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on laves phase precipitation induced by transition elements in RHEAs coatings on Ti-6Al-4 V surface: Microstructure and tribological behaviors","authors":"Shuo Wang,&nbsp;Xiufang Cui,&nbsp;Guo Jin,&nbsp;Wei Zheng,&nbsp;Yufei Liu,&nbsp;Shengming Wu,&nbsp;Zilong Wu,&nbsp;Hongge Liu,&nbsp;Junyan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Refractory elements typically form Laves phases when combined with transition elements, significantly contributing to wear resistance by altering the phase composition. The Ti-Al-Zr-V-Ni system is designed to facilitate the preparation of RHEAs coating on TC4 surface using laser cladding technology, with a focus on exploring its phase composition and microstructure transformation. Additionally, an in-depth analysis was conducted on the friction behavior at both room temperature and 600 °C. This paper provides theoretical guidance for RHEAs coating design and friction application. It has been observed that the Laves phase grows in proximity to the BCC main phase within the Ti-Al-Zr-V-Ni coating, and the interface between these two phases is considered semi-coherent, thereby ensuring excellent interfacial stability. Laves phase provides T2 coating with higher microhardness (624.40HV_0.3) and better wear resistance at RT (wear rate of 1.78 × 10⁻¹³m³N⁻¹ m⁻¹). The enhancement of wear resistance can be attributed to the suppression of micro-cracks, micron-scale delamination, and peeling by hard Laves phases. Additionally, the Ni-rich Laves phase induced the growth of a dense oxide glaze layer by high-temperature oxidation test. Laves phase also plays an additional lubrication role in high-temperature friction, thus obtaining excellent wear resistance in T2 coating at 600 °C (wear rate of 1.33 × 10⁻¹⁴m³N⁻¹ m⁻¹).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 115069"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atomized tin-induced bimetallic whisker growth","authors":"Xinxin Xia ,&nbsp;Cheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenyi Lai ,&nbsp;Zhenglin Zou ,&nbsp;Peigen Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingwen Tang ,&nbsp;Ying Guan ,&nbsp;Shuang Tian ,&nbsp;Balázs Illés ,&nbsp;ZhengMing Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The spontaneous growth of metal whiskers has long posed reliability challenges in electronic devices, often resulting in short-circuit failures. Recent findings on the rapid and extensive formation of tin (Sn) whiskers on Ti₂SnC substrates underscore the critical role of atomized Sn in whisker growth. In this study, mechanochemically decomposed Ti₂SnC, capable of quantitatively and efficiently generating large amounts of atomized Sn, was implanted to Sn, Bi, and Pb metal matrices. After three days of being annealed at 60 °C, numerous whiskers grown on all implanted matrices, proving the critical role of atomized Sn in whisker growth. Notably, SnBi bimetallic and solid solution whiskers were detected. TEM analysis proved that the formation of SnBi whiskers was caused by the released latent heat of crystallizing atomized Sn, which creates SnBi micro-melt pools at the interface, facilitating interface flow and supplying the necessary constituents for SnBi bimetallic and solid solution whisker formation. Likewise, SnPb bimetallic whiskers were observed in Pb matrices implanted with the mechanochemical decomposed Ti₂SnC. These findings provide two contrasting strategies for future applications: effectively suppressing whisker formation and intentionally synthesizing bimetallic nanowires.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 115060"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phase formation, microstructure evolution, corrosion behavior and mechanical properties of porous Ti prepared by heat-treating Ag-coated Ti plate","authors":"Liuyong Wang ,&nbsp;Yue Li ,&nbsp;Guanpeng Liu ,&nbsp;Min Lei ,&nbsp;Xuewen Li ,&nbsp;Yulong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the mechanism of phase transformation and porous formation is crucial for regulating and controlling the <em>in-situ</em> reaction formation of porous structures. In this work, wet chemical method was combined with vacuum heat treatment technique to form porous structure on the surface of Ti coated with a thin layer of Ag. The temperature dependence of phase formation and pore morphology evolution during the porous formation process was investigated. The results indicate that the mechanical bonding between Ti substrate and Ag coating undergoes Ti-Ag mutual diffusion and Ag sublimation, transitioning from layered Ti₂Ag and TiAg layers to embedded forms, ultimately forming pores as the temperature increases. This is attributed to the residual β-Ti on the upper surface undergoes eutectoid reaction with TiAg to generate Ti₂Ag, exhibiting the morphology of TiAg embedded in the Ti₂Ag layer. And the reverse reaction of peritectic reaction occurs to form L(Ag, Ti). The continuous sublimation of Ag promotes the formation of uniformly distributed micro-pores (5 μm). Furthermore, porous Ti exhibits excellent corrosion resistance performance compared to other porous metals and an elastic modulus (60.2 GPa) similar to that of human bone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 115067"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143881355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature-dependent mechanical properties and fracture behaviors of copper foils with different microstructures","authors":"Bo-Yan Chen,&nbsp;Dinh-Phuc Tran,&nbsp;Kang-Ping Lee,&nbsp;Yun-Hsuan Chen,&nbsp;Chih Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanical properties of Cu at intermediate temperatures are crucial for semiconductor and battery applications. In this study, we examine six types of Cu foils with different microstructures: coarse-grained (CG), fine-grained (FG), ultrafine-grained (UFG), (110) twinned ((110) T), (111) nanotwinned ((111) NT), and nanotwinned plus ultrafine-grained (NT + UFG). Tensile tests from 25 °C to 200 °C revealed that NT + UFG-Cu had the highest tensile strength from 25 °C to 75 °C, while (111) NT-Cu was strongest from 125 °C to 200 °C. CG-Cu showed a 27.2 % UTS drop at 200 °C due to dynamic recovery. FG-Cu and (110) T-Cu lost 70 % and 66.6 % from dynamic recrystallization and grain growth. (111) NT-Cu dropped 43.9 % due to dynamic recrystallization, grain growth, and detwinning. UFG-Cu and NT + UFG-Cu lost 70.8 % and 75.2 % due to grain boundary sliding. These findings highlight the distinct fracture behaviors and intermediate-temperature weakening mechanisms of different Cu microstructures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"224 ","pages":"Article 115051"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143864940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}