Materials Characterization最新文献

{"title":"Investigation on effects of process parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of GH5188 direct diffusion bonding","authors":"Chunxi Yao ,&nbsp;Wei Guo ,&nbsp;Jingru Xin ,&nbsp;Xinlei Ding ,&nbsp;Peilong Fan ,&nbsp;Xinrong Li ,&nbsp;Jiangtao Xiong ,&nbsp;Jinglong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115630","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115630","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The process of direct diffusion bonding using GH5188 superalloy was investigated. The paper revealed that the bonding interface exhibited varying degrees of grain boundary migration as temperature increased, time extended, and pressure intensified. Furthermore, appropriate bonding pressure effectively promoted recrystallization in the joint, thereby enhancing its mechanical properties. The optimal joint was achieved at 1180 °C/60 min/15 MPa parameter, with yield tensile strength (YTS) reaching 467.7 MPa, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) reaching 998.2 MPa, elongation (EL) reaching 73.6 %, axial deformation at this parameter was measured at 2.2 %, with fracture surfaces located at base metal (BM) area, where numerous ductile dimple structures were observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 115630"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on intermediate annealing-twice nitriding process and corrosion resistance of pure iron","authors":"Xiangpeng Chang ,&nbsp;Shuang Liu ,&nbsp;Tianxiang Huang ,&nbsp;Zelin Yan ,&nbsp;Yingfan Zhao ,&nbsp;Weiping Tong ,&nbsp;Jianjun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115631","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115631","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the challenge of increasing the thickness of the nitriding layer, an intermediate annealing-twice nitriding process was applied to pure iron, and the corrosion resistance of the nitriding samples was investigated. After the intermediate annealing-twice nitriding treatment, the thickness of the compound layer in the sample increased by 84 % compared to once nitriding, reaching 48.14 μm, while the transition layer thickness increased by 57 % to 52.49 μm. The intermediate annealing process at 600 °C for 1 h yielded a superior twice nitriding effect. And the intermediate annealing-twice nitriding process resulted in a significantly thicker nitriding layer compared to simple twice nitriding. The phase transformation and thickening mechanism of the nitriding layer during the process were revealed by EBSD, XRD, and TEM. Electrochemical tests showed that the nitriding samples exhibited repeated passivation behavior, and the sample with a thicker compound layer demonstrated better corrosion resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 115631"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced electrochemical performance of cobalt vanadium oxide supercapacitors through optimized reduced graphene oxide composite","authors":"R.A. Kadam ,&nbsp;M.A. Yewale ,&nbsp;S.L. Kadam ,&nbsp;A.M. Teli ,&nbsp;S.V. Desarada ,&nbsp;S.A. Alshehri ,&nbsp;R.K. Chava ,&nbsp;R. Venkatesan ,&nbsp;D.K. Shin","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115640","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study illustrates the strategic improvement of cobalt vanadium oxide (CVO) electrodes for supercapacitor applications by integrating reduced graphene oxide (rGO) through a hydrothermal synthesis method. The optimized CVO-12 mg-rGO composite had a specific capacitance of 327 F/g at 2 mA/cm², an energy density of 11.34 Wh/kg, and a power density of 124 W/kg. This was better than pristine CVO and better than several other vanadate-based electrodes that have been reported. BET analysis showed that rGO exfoliation increased the surface area (16.26 m²/g) and made the pores easier to get to. EIS showed that the charge transfer resistance was lower (1.6 Ω). The made-up asymmetric device (CVO-12 mg-rGO//AC) showed that it could be used in real life by having a specific capacitance of 25.92 F/g, an energy density of 11.65 Wh/ kg, a high coulombic efficiency of about 99.9 %, and a great cycling retention of 70 % after 4.7 k cycles. These results show that combining pseudocapacitive CVO and conductive rGO in a synergistic way greatly improves the transport of electrons and ions, electrochemical reversibility, and long-term stability. The results show that CVO@rGO composites are promising electrodes for next-generation high-performance supercapacitors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 115640"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of carbides in nickel-base weld metals of 13 %Ni steel and first-principles study of their hydrogen solubility","authors":"Chenjun Yu,&nbsp;Shohei Uranaka,&nbsp;Eita Tochigi,&nbsp;Taira Okita,&nbsp;Mitsuo Kimura,&nbsp;Tomoya Kawabata","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The precipitation behavior and hydrogen-related properties of carbides in Ni-based weld metals fabricated by shielded metal arc welding (SMAW), gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), and submerged arc welding (SAW) were systematically investigated. Microstructural characterization using SEM, EBSD, and TEM revealed that NbC is the dominant carbide in SMAW weld metals, while Mo₂C and M₆C prevail in GTAW and SAW weld metals, primarily located in inter-dendritic Nb- or Mo-rich segregation zones. Most carbide–matrix interfaces were found to be incoherent, and high dislocation densities were frequently observed around the precipitates, suggesting a potential for local hydrogen enrichment. First-principles calculations of hydrogen solution energies indicated that all carbide bulk phases exhibit significantly higher hydrogen solution energies than the Ni matrix, implying that they cannot act as effective hydrogen traps. However, non-coherent interfaces and surrounding dislocations may still serve as local hydrogen trapping sites. These findings provide critical insights into the precipitation characteristics and hydrogen–microstructure interactions in Ni-based alloy weld metals, which are relevant to the design and performance optimization of welded structures for hydrogen environment applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 115625"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving simultaneous strength-ductility enhancement of SnBi alloys via ultrasonic hierarchical refinement","authors":"Hao Yuan ,&nbsp;Xiaoliang Ji ,&nbsp;Chunqing Zha ,&nbsp;Jun Li ,&nbsp;Zhaohui Xu ,&nbsp;Gonghui Liu ,&nbsp;Fu Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sn<img>Bi alloys, a promising candidate widely used in thermal interface materials, oil well plugs, and semiconductor packaging, suffer from low ductility due to the long and coarse primary dendrites. In this paper, an ultrasonic treatment strategy was implemented on the Sn<img>30Bi (wt%) melt to fragment the dendrites, refine the microstructures, and further enhance the mechanical properties of solidified alloys. The effects of ultrasonic parameters on dendrite size, grain structures, and mechanical properties of the alloy were systematically investigated. It is found that the microstructures of Sn<img>30Bi alloys were reorganized from coarse β-Sn dendrites to equiaxed cellular structures with an average size of 55 μm, and the grain size was further refined to an average size of 25 μm under the ultrasonic treatment temperature of 165 °C, ultrasonic amplitude of 10 μm, and ultrasonic vibration duration of 30 s. This hierarchical refinement led to a 20 % increase in strength (from 59 MPa to 71 MPa) and a 54 % improvement in elongation (from 12 % to 19 %) for the Sn<img>30Bi alloy. The primary refinement from dendrites to cells extended crack propagation paths, while the intracellular secondary refinement strengthened β-Sn cells, further leading to crack deflection and arrest. The correlation between ultrasonic processing parameters and alloy microstructures provides practical guidance for Sn<img>Bi alloy melt treatment to improve mechanical performance, while the hierarchical refinement induced by ultrasonic treatment deepens mechanistic insights of ultrasonic effects on alloy microstructures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 115642"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of vacancy-mediated precipitation on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 7075 aluminum alloy","authors":"M. Nadeem Madni ,&nbsp;Ye Dong ,&nbsp;Qigui Yang ,&nbsp;Te Zhu ,&nbsp;Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Qianqian Wang ,&nbsp;Shareef Nisha ,&nbsp;Jiubin Pan ,&nbsp;Runsheng Yu ,&nbsp;Xingzhong Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The non-isothermal aging (NIA, 125–300 °C) response of 7075 Al alloy was tracked to assess vacancy-solute interactions on precipitation kinetics and their resulting impact on the mechanical properties. Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy (PAS) revealed that solution heat treatment (SHT)-induced monovacancies enhance solute diffusion, shifting positron trapping from V-Mg to V-Zn, and ultimately forming V-Mg/Zn-promoting complexes that facilitate precipitate nucleation at lower aging temperatures (125–200 °C). At higher temperatures (225–300 °C), the effects of vacancies weakened as precipitates absorbed vacancies, thereby reducing diffusion and yielding finer precipitates. Microstructural analyses (XRD, SEM, and TEM) revealed the following precipitation sequence: the formation of fine Al₂Cu, GP zones, and η’ precipitates in the early aging stages and then subsequent coarsening of these precipitates between 125 and 200 °C; and the dissolution of GP zones, slight refinement of η’, and the formation of stable η precipitates at 225–300 °C. These microstructural transformations had a profound impact on mechanical performance, with peak strength observed during early-stage aging (YS: 310 MPa, HV: 244), followed by a decline to its lowest point at 225 °C (YS: 143 MPa, HV: 147) and a partial recovery at the final aging temperature (YS: 201 MPa, HV: 181). This study helps optimize heat treatment and thereby enhance the performance of 7075 aluminum alloy for aerospace applications by exploring vacancy and precipitation dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 115616"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing high-temperature performance of AlCu alloys via nanoceramic particle-induced grain boundary stabilization and precipitate manipulation","authors":"Xu-Dong Ma ,&nbsp;Dan Zhang ,&nbsp;Bai-Xin Dong ,&nbsp;Hong-Yu Yang ,&nbsp;Shi-Li Shu ,&nbsp;Liang-Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Fan Zhang ,&nbsp;Jie Kang ,&nbsp;Jia Meng ,&nbsp;Cheng-Gang Wang ,&nbsp;Kuang Cao ,&nbsp;Jian Qiao ,&nbsp;Feng Qiu ,&nbsp;Qi-Chuan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115628","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115628","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Al<img>Cu alloys are widely employed in the automotive and aerospace industries owing to their exceptional mechanical properties. However, their performance degradation at elevated temperatures restricts broader applications. Departing from conventional alloying approaches, this study introduces a novel strategy to enhance the high-temperature mechanical properties of Al<img>Cu alloys through grain boundary stabilization and precipitation manipulation via the incorporation of trace meticulously designed TiC–TiB₂ nanoceramic particles. These particles inhibit element segregation and facilitate the transformation of intergranular second phases into a finer, reticular structure, thereby stabilizing the grain boundaries. Additionally, the nanoparticles increase dislocation density, serving as preferential nucleation sites for precipitation. The larger lattice distortion around the precipitates also triggered the formation of stacking faults. Consequently, a more refined and uniform distribution of nano-precipitates enhances interactions with dislocations, imparting greater deformation resistance., The ultimate strength (310 MPa) and fracture strain (10.2 %) of 0.15 wt% particle reinforced Al<img>Cu alloy achieves a synergistic improvement in both high-temperature strength and toughness, which are improved by 28 % and 64 % at 473 K compared with the matrix alloy. This work offers valuable insights for developing high-performance, heat-resistant Al<img>Cu alloys, paving the way for advanced industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 115628"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic influence of rotational and travel speeds on microstructure and property in AlMg alloy via Additive Friction Stir Deposition","authors":"Yanan Hu ,&nbsp;Lei Shi ,&nbsp;Yichen Xiao ,&nbsp;Ashish Kumar ,&nbsp;Xiankun Zhang ,&nbsp;Chuansong Wu ,&nbsp;Song Gao ,&nbsp;Xiaochao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Additive Friction Stir Deposition (AFSD), as a novel solid-state additive manufacturing (AM) process, demonstrates substantial potential for fabricating high-integrity components using lightweight aluminum alloys. In the present study, the synergistic effects of tool rotational speed and travel speed on the microstructural evolution and mechanical performance of AA5083 alloy manufactured via AFSD were systematically investigated. Real-time monitoring of axial force and spindle torque was employed to enable in situ evaluation of thermo-mechanical conditions, which were quantitatively correlated with heat input, strain accumulation, and the resultant tensile properties. This research approach revealed the underlying mechanisms through which coupled process parameters regulate dislocation activity, grain refinement, and strengthening behavior in AFSD-fabricated aluminum alloys. An increase in rotational speed resulted in elevated heat input, thereby facilitating dynamic recovery and grain coarsening. In contrast, a higher travel speed reduced thermal input while increasing plastic strain, which contributed to the formation of more refined microstructures. Under high heat input conditions (i.e., tool rotational speed of 800 rpm and travel speed of 200 mm/min), the deposited AA5083 alloy exhibited an average grain size of 8.47 μm, with an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 296.7 MPa and a yield strength (YS) of 137.2 MPa. Notably, dislocation accumulation was identified as the dominant strengthening mechanism under this condition. Under lower heat input and higher strain conditions (i.e., tool rotational speed of 600 rpm and travel speed of 280 mm/min), finer grains were achieved (with an average size of 6.75 μm), accompanied by a comparable UTS (295.0 MPa) and a slight improvement in YS (139.1 MPa). This improvement in YS is attributed to the synergistic contribution of dislocation strengthening and grain boundary strengthening. These results confirm that lower heat input combined with higher strain rates enhances microstructural refinement without compromising mechanical strength, thereby providing a viable strategy for optimizing the AFSD process of Al<img>Mg alloys. The findings of this study advance the understanding of process–structure–property relationships in AFSD-fabricated alloys and provide support for the development of tailored process parameter sets for high-performance structural applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 115617"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving high-temperature creep resistance in Al-Si cast alloy by trace Sn-induced high number density dispersoids","authors":"Rui Wang ,&nbsp;Hao Chen ,&nbsp;Dongtao Wang ,&nbsp;Hiromi Nagaumi ,&nbsp;Hao Shi ,&nbsp;Minghe Zhang ,&nbsp;Zibin Wu ,&nbsp;Xiaozu Zhang ,&nbsp;Pengfei Wang ,&nbsp;Dongsheng Gao ,&nbsp;Bo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an important precipitation-strengthening phases in Al-Si cast aluminum alloys, submicron dispersoids still lack effective methods to sufficiently refine them and increase their number density. In this study, we introduce the trace Sn into an Al-7%Si-0.5%Mn cast alloy and employ non-isothermal heat treatment to simultaneously refine both Si and Mn-containing dispersoids. This approach reduces their average size by 28% and markedly increases the total number density of dispersoids by 2.4 times, thereby achieving a minimum secondary creep rate that is 74.1 % lower than that of the Sn-free alloy at 300 °C/25 MPa condition. The trace Sn produces more nucleation sites for the Si precipitates by combining more vacancies, and the high number-density Si precipitates promote the precipitation of Mn-containing dispersoids at high temperature. Moreover, after holding at 500 °C for 6 hours, the coarsening of Mn-containing dispersoids in the Sn-containing alloy is only 4.9 %. This study elucidates the mechanism by which the trace Sn enhances the dispersoid precipitation in the Al-Si cast alloy and provides a novel design strategy for high-temperature creep-resistant cast aluminum alloy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 115634"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of solution treatment on the strength-toughness balance of 00Cr12Ni10MoTi steel: Comparative analysis of room-temperature and 77 K mechanical behavior","authors":"Jiabin Gao ,&nbsp;Yucheng Zhou ,&nbsp;Chong Chen ,&nbsp;Zhou Li ,&nbsp;Zhou Wang ,&nbsp;Liujie Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To obtain strength-toughness balance of 00Cr12Ni10MoTi steel, a varying solution-treatment temperatures (750–900 °C) before aging treatment at 500 °C were designed. The microstructure evolution was analyzed during heat treatment, and the mechanical behaviors and strengthening-toughening mechanisms at room-temperature and 77 K were researched. Results revealed that lower-temperature (750 °C) solution treatment promotes higher austenite content (<span><math><mi>RA</mi><mo>≈</mo><mn>16</mn><mo>%</mo></math></span>) and a more refined martensitic hierarchical structure (<span><math><msub><mi>D</mi><mtext>block</mtext></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>5.23</mn><mi>μm</mi></math></span>), with many nanoscale Ni₃Ti precipitates in the martensitic matrix. Mechanical testing results indicate that the steel after lower-temperature solution treatment demonstrates a high combination of strength and toughness at both room temperature and low temperature (77 K). The yield strength reaches as high as 1025.50 MPa at room temperature and 1276.00 MPa at low temperature. The impact toughness achieves approximately 165.00 J at room temperature and 75.20 J at low temperature. The study elucidates that the cryogenic toughness preservation in lower-temperature solution-treated 00Cr12Ni10MoTi steel is governed by two interlinked mechanisms:(1) high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) forming a three-dimensional obstruction network that effectively deflects and bifurcates propagating cracks through boundary pinning effects; (2) metastable retained austenite (RA) exhibiting phase-transformation-mediated toughening via both stress-induced martensitic transformation (TRIP effect) and intrinsic ductility contribution at 77 K. By analyzing the strength contributions, the origin of ultra-high strength of steels mainly includes the contribution of different strengthening effects due to dislocations, grain boundaries, precipitation, and frictional stresses. The reason for the increase in yield strength at low temperatures compared to room temperature is mainly due to the pronounced temperature dependence due to frictional stresses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"229 ","pages":"Article 115627"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145265447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}