Materials Characterization最新文献

{"title":"Prediction and quantitative study on the dimensional evolution of Al-Cu-Mg alloy with single-precipitate phase during isothermal aging","authors":"Rongdi Pan,&nbsp;Yiming Wu,&nbsp;Linlin Fu,&nbsp;Shanqi Du,&nbsp;Yongxiao Zhou,&nbsp;Linchao Wang,&nbsp;Yu Xiong,&nbsp;Jing Qiao,&nbsp;Xiuli Han,&nbsp;Gaohui Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As aluminum alloys are widely employed in the fabrication of precision instruments, their dimensional changes can adversely affect the accuracy and reliability of the final products. In this study, a predictive model was developed to quantitatively estimate the macroscopic dimensional change rate of an Al-Cu-Mg alloy containing a single precipitate phase during the aging process. An alloy composition of Al-4.33Cu-1.74 Mg wt% was designed through thermodynamic calculations, revealing that matrix lattice contraction and S phase precipitation are the dominant contributors to dimensional change rates. Microstructural characterization further demonstrated a deviation in the atomic ratio of Mg to Cu within the S II phase, with a measured Mg: Cu ratio of 1.38:1 in the S II phase after 24 h of aging. Incorporating these findings, a quantitative model was established by combining the calculated volume fraction of the S phase and lattice constant variation obtained from thermodynamic analysis. Upon introducing a kinetic correction factor, the predicted dimensional change rates exhibited excellent agreement with experimental measurements (e.g., −5.71 × 10⁻⁵ vs. −4.57 × 10⁻⁵ at 48 h). This work offers a comprehensive approach for accurately predicting the dimensional stability of Al-Cu-Mg alloys, providing valuable insights for alloy design and precision component fabrication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 115404"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144711898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deformation coordination behaviors and microstructure evolution of 1060Al/6061Al-SiC/1060Al composites during hot deformation","authors":"Zhijuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Bing Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhaolin Wang ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Lei ,&nbsp;Shancheng Zhan ,&nbsp;Kuaishe Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hot deformation behavior and microstructure evolution of 1060Al/6061Al-SiC/1060Al laminated particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composites (LPRAMCs) under different process parameters and the deformation coordination between the component layers were investigated by hot-compression technology. The deformation of the LPRAMCs was dominated by work-hardening as exhibited by the flow stress curves, and stress decrease occurred at high strain rate (20 s⁻¹) when the strain was greater than 0.8 due to the deformation incoordination between the SiC particles and the Al matrix. The deformation in the central region of the composite after compression was dominated by the SiC-reinforced 6061Al layer (CS layer). In contrast, the deformation at the edge was primarily governed by the 1060Al layer (Al layer), and the optimal deformation coordination was achieved under the high-temperature/low-strain-rate region (400–500 °C/0.01–1 s⁻¹). The microstructural evolution indicated that 1060Al has equiaxed fine grains near the interface and coarse grains away from the interface, the recrystallization of 6061Al in the CS layer occurred earlier than that of 1060Al in the Al layer, and the grain size (GS) of 6061Al was less affected by the deformation parameters due to the SiC particles in the CS layer. With the increase of lnZ, the recrystallized proportion of Al grains in the Al layer and CS layer decreased gradually.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 115400"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144678882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Connection reinforcement design of ODS-W/Cu joint: Transforming immiscible interface into dual reaction diffusion interface","authors":"Dang Xu ,&nbsp;Pengqi Chen ,&nbsp;Kaichao Fu ,&nbsp;Changcheng Sang ,&nbsp;Ruizhi Chen ,&nbsp;Tao Hong ,&nbsp;Jigui Cheng ,&nbsp;Kai Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115402","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The inherent metallurgical incompatibility between dissimilar metals such as tungsten (W) and copper (Cu) engenders weak chemical bonding, substantially constraining the attainment of high strength. This constitutes a critical limitation for nuclear fusion applications demanding robust interfacial integrity. To address these limitations, this study introduces a dual interface reinforcement strategy employing a CrCoNi medium entropy alloy (MEA) interlayer and achieving diffusion bonding of oxide diffusion-strengthened tungsten (ODS-W) and Cu through spark plasma sintering (SPS) technology. At the optimized bonding temperature of 1000 °C, the joint achieves a maximum tensile strength of 256.7 ± 8.2 MPa, corresponding to a 171 % enhancement over direct bonding (DB) joint (94.6 ± 5.1 MPa), accompanied by a fracture mode transition from brittle to ductile failure. Multi-scaled microstructure and interface element diffusion behavior analyses reveal that reactive diffusion at the W/MEA interface facilitates the formation of a solution-strengthened matrix associated with an amorphous diffusion layer. Whereas mutual diffusion at the Cu/MEA interface induces multiple phase structures, resulting concurrently in solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening, thereby reinforcing the interface bonding. This dual interface reinforcement methodology establishes an effective design strategy for enhancing mechanical properties in immiscible metal systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 115402"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144678881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizations of the anisotropic features of the phase, texture and deformation behavior of laser powder bed fusion-processed H13 steel","authors":"Huajing Zong,&nbsp;Nan Kang,&nbsp;Mohamed El Mansori","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>H13 steel with a relative density of approximately 99.9 % was fabricated by LPBF with 200 °C preheating (H13−200). Samples were built along horizontal (0°, H13<img>200H) and vertical (90°, H13–200 V) orientations relative to the build platform to investigate the anisotropy of microstructural features and mechanical properties. Despite similar grain morphology, size, and crystallographic texture, the retained austenite (RA) content varied between orientations. H13–200 V exhibited higher RA fractions due to enhanced intrinsic tempering. Compared to previously reported H13 steel processed with similar or no preheating, H13–200 demonstrated higher tensile strength and elongation, with no notable tensile anisotropy observed. The deformation and damage evolution mechanisms were analyzed. Strain hardening and ductility were promoted by the formation of a fine cellular substructure and the transformation-induced plasticity effect from RA. Fractographic and microstructural analyses revealed that RA suppressed crack propagation and contributed to damage tolerance. These results demonstrate that moderate preheating can effectively tailor the phase composition and enhance mechanical performance without introducing notable anisotropy in LPBF H13 steel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 115403"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of Al/Ni multilayers with excellent layer continuity by combination of accumulative pack rolling and roll bonding","authors":"Ning Nie ,&nbsp;Guanyu Deng ,&nbsp;Lihong Su ,&nbsp;Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Huijun Li ,&nbsp;Anh Kiet Tieu","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fabrication of Al/Ni multilayer sheets with great layer continuity has always been a challenge due to early necking and rupture of Ni layer in rolling process, which usually results in a structure with Ni fragments in Al matrix and induces poor thermal performance. This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of Al/Ni multilayer sheets with a focus on achieving excellent layer continuity. The multilayers were prepared using accumulative pack rolling (APR) and roll bonding techniques, combining aluminum alloys (AA1050 and AA7075) with Ni to form laminated composites with controlled thickness ratios. The mechanical compatibility between materials by heat treatment and warm roll bonding was emphasized to mitigate plastic instability, such as shear banding and necking, which disrupt layer continuity. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was employed to evaluate the thermal performance and the formation of intermetallic compounds, including Al₃Ni and Al₃Ni₂. The results indicate that AA7075/Ni multilayers exhibit excellent structural integrity and thermal response compared to AA1050/Ni. While achieving bilayer thicknesses as thin as 5–10 μm, the study also highlights the issues of bonding quality in thinner layers and the impact of thickness ratios on heat release efficiency. This work demonstrates the potential of heat treatment and warm roll bonding as cost-effective, scalable methods for fabricating high-performance AA7075/Ni multilayers and provides valuable insights into optimizing their design for thermal and mechanical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 115397"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing mechanical performance of high manganese austenitic steel through deformation at cryogenic temperatures and high strain rates","authors":"Hongyan Guo ,&nbsp;Wentao Wu ,&nbsp;Xin Tan ,&nbsp;Erkang Liu ,&nbsp;Youliang Zhao ,&nbsp;Feng Zhao ,&nbsp;Bin Gan ,&nbsp;Kaixuan Chen ,&nbsp;Xiyue Liu ,&nbsp;Naisheng Jiang ,&nbsp;Min Xia ,&nbsp;Manchao He","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the mechanical properties of a novel high‑manganese austenitic steel (HMAS) subjected to dynamic tensile loading at 3000 s-1 at a cryogenic temperature (77 K) using a split Hopkinson tension bar (SHTB) coupled with a cooling system. Compared to room temperature quasi-static tensile, we observed significant increases in yield strength from 850 MPa to 1260 MPa and tensile strength from 1100 MPa to 1620 MPa, along with a fracture strain of 0.41. These enhancements are primarily attributed to the microstructure evolution under dynamic loading at high strain rates at cryogenic temperature, particularly the formation of complex deformation twins (DTs) networks that contribute to strain-hardening, thereby enhance both strength and ductility of HMAS under extreme conditions. These findings not only demonstrate the impact of extremely cryogenic temperatures and high strain rates on the mechanical behavior of HMAS, but also highlight its potential in applications that demand robust performance in harsh environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 115379"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrathin copper foils fabricated by accumulative pack rolling and surface roughening investigation","authors":"Ning Nie ,&nbsp;Rui Wang ,&nbsp;Guanyu Deng ,&nbsp;Hailiang Yu ,&nbsp;Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Lihong Su ,&nbsp;Anh Kiet Tieu ,&nbsp;Huijun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115396","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115396","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ultrathin copper foils (thickness less than 50 μm) with controlled surface roughness are essential in modern electronics, improving performance and reliability in applications such as lithium-ion batteries and printed circuit boards (PCB). Proper surface roughness enhances resin adhesion in PCB lamination, while thin foil thickness reduces weight and increases energy density in battery collectors. Accumulative pack rolling (APR) is a novel severe plastic deformation process capable of imposing large strain to fabricate ultrathin copper foils with tunable surface roughness. Using a 0° pack arrangement, APR successfully produced ultrathin copper foils of 2.2 μm thickness, whereas a 90° pack arrangement obtained thicker copper foils (11 μm) with high surface roughness (Ra ∼4.5 μm). Differences in foil thickness were attributed to through-thickness pinholes caused by increased roughness, reported here for the first time in this processing type. Surface roughness increase is linked to Cube soft orientations with weaker tensile properties. During deformation, these orientations remain or increase, becoming strain incompatible with harder orientations such as S, Brass, and Dillamore. This incompatibility leads to shear bands, acting as geometric softening mechanisms that distort lamellar structures, propagate across interfaces, and transmit strain localization into adjacent foils, resulting in out-of-plane displacement. This intrinsic deformation-induced roughening mechanism allows copper foils to achieve customizable surface properties without additional roughening treatments. These advantages position APR as a competitive method for electronic materials manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 115396"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anisotropic wear performance and impact toughness of selective laser melted Al–Mn–Sc alloy","authors":"Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Qihang Xv ,&nbsp;Yunpeng Chen ,&nbsp;Hongyuan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinhua Wu ,&nbsp;Jemery Heng Rao ,&nbsp;Jiehui Ding ,&nbsp;Xiaojian Wang ,&nbsp;Sheng Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, selective laser melted (SLM) Al–Mn–Sc alloys gained widespread attention for their low density and high strength. This study focused on process optimization, microstructure analyses, impact toughness and wear performance evaluation for SLM fabricated Al–Mn–Sc alloys. An exceptional relative density of 99.96 % was obtained after process optimization. The microstructure exhibited a bimodal α-Al structure on the vertical plane and an equiaxed grain structure on the horizontal plane. Large sized precipitates of Mg₂Si, primary Al₃X, Al₆(Mn, Fe), and nano-sized secondary Al₃Sc were observed. The wear mechanisms were delamination, abrasion, and ploughing. For anisotropic wear performance, horizontal specimens, characterized by less pores and smaller grain sizes, demonstrated better wear resistance than vertical specimens. In terms of anisotropic impact toughness, the vertical specimen showed a superior impact toughness as evidenced by a higher peak load, a greater absorbed energy, and a more tortuous crack path associated with the melt pool boundaries. These findings provided valuable insights into optimizing SLM processing parameters and revealing the anisotropic wear performance and impact toughness in Al–Mn–Sc alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 115398"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic globularization mechanism and deformation behavior of Ti2AlNb alloys during lower electric current density-assisted compression","authors":"Huan Li ,&nbsp;Wencong Zhang ,&nbsp;Liqiang Zhan ,&nbsp;Xueyan Jiao ,&nbsp;Weifeng Luo ,&nbsp;Wei Huang ,&nbsp;Chong Du ,&nbsp;Guannan Chu ,&nbsp;Guofeng Wang ,&nbsp;Jianlei Yang ,&nbsp;Hyoung Seop Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lower electric current density-assisted compression of Ti₂AlNb alloys was conducted at temperatures ranging from 900 to 960 °C with strain rates of 0.05 to 1.0 s⁻¹, applying electric currents between 0 and 2.0 A/mm². The flow stress curves demonstrated a significant reduction in stress during compression tests at low electric currents of 1.5 and 2.0 A/mm² across various furnace temperatures. This highlights the prominent electroplasticity effect, which was significantly influenced by both the deformation temperature and deformation rate. Hot processing maps, derived from true stress-strain data, revealed that flow instability regions appeared at a strain of 0.4 and expanded further at 0.7. Notably, these instability regions diminished with increasing electric current density. This observation confirms that electric current broadens the processing window, thereby facilitating the hot deformation of Ti₂AlNb alloys. Microstructural analyses revealed that electric current reduces power dissipation through microstructural evolution, enhancing the deformability of Ti₂AlNb alloys. Dynamic globularization was identified as the primary deformation mechanism in this work. Detailed microstructural characterization indicated that electric current promoted dislocation movement, aligning dislocations in parallel, which allowed them to traverse O-phase lamellae, thereby accelerating fragmentation. Additionally, simulation and microstructural results indicated that localized Joule heating at the O/B₂ phase interfaces, induced by electric current, played a crucial role in the globularization of O-phase lamellae. These findings suggest that the enhanced deformability of Ti₂AlNb alloys under electric current is attributable to internal microstructural changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 115391"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving high piezoelectric performance in PLNZT ceramics for energy harvesting by rolling molding","authors":"Junhui Lang ,&nbsp;Mingwang Yuan ,&nbsp;Yingzhi Meng ,&nbsp;Zhihong Luo ,&nbsp;Wangxin Li ,&nbsp;Biao Zhang ,&nbsp;Renjun Xu ,&nbsp;Xiyue Xia ,&nbsp;Xueli Cao ,&nbsp;Laijun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs) represent a novel energy solution that converts mechanical vibration into electrical energy. To develop high-efficient piezoelectric transducer for low-frequency vibration, researchers usually focus on modifying phase structure and microstructure of piezoelectric ceramics. In this work, the phase structure and microstructure of Pb_0.94(La_0.04Nd_0.02) (Zr_0.58Ti_0.42)_0.985O₃ ceramic dependence of forming process was investigated. Four forming processes: granulating + uniaxial pressing, granulating + cold isostatic pressing, cold isostatic pressing and rolling molding. The rolling molding sample has the highest rhombohedral phase fraction and largest polar nanoregions (PNRs) size. High ferroelectric polarization is achieved in the sample, meanwhile, dielectric permittivity remains the lowest. The rolling molding sample exhibits a very high transduction coefficient <em>d</em>₃₃ × <em>g</em>₃₃ of 29.27 pm²/N, which is 3–5 times higher than that of commercial PZT. Moreover, the PEHs system derived from the sample has a superior output power density of 0.91 mW/mm³. This work indicates that rolling molding can effectively enhance the performance of PEHs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"228 ","pages":"Article 115394"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144653914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}