Materials Characterization最新文献

{"title":"Synergistic enhancement of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of ultralight carbon nano-onion reinforced LA141 metal matrix composites fabricated by friction-stir processing","authors":"Zhong-Hao Qiu ,&nbsp;Nan Xu ,&nbsp;Qi-Ning Song ,&nbsp;Chao Zhong ,&nbsp;Ye-Feng Bao","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of superlight and high-performance magnesium materials has always been of critical importance in the field of lightweight manufacturing, especially in aerospace. In this paper, without complex procedures, friction-stir processing (FSP) was successfully utilized to achieve the synergistic enhancement of mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of ultralight Mg-14Li-1Al (LA141) metal matrix composites (MMC) reinforced with well-distributed carbon nano-onion (CNO) particles. The corresponding relationship between processing method, microstructure, and properties was thoroughly investigated. CNO/LA141 MMC with no macro surface defects can be obtained through the multi-pass (≥2) FSP technology, with the 3FSP+ sample demonstrating the highest surface quality. The grain size was noticeably refined, and a significant number of dislocations were consumed to develop high-angle boundaries primarily through continuous dynamic recrystallization. The clustered CNO particles can offer additional nucleation sites for AlLi precipitates and promote the formation of ultrafine grains. The improved strength, roughly 34 %–45 % higher than that of base material (BM), is a result of the back-stress strengthening and the hindering effects of MgLiAl₂ and AlLi precipitates, as well as grain boundaries, CNO particles, stacking faults, and possible Lomer-Cottrell locks on dislocation movement. Additionally, well-formed CNO/LA141 MMC demonstrated exceptional corrosion resistance, characterized by the reductions in both corrosion current density (33 %–75 %) and corrosion rate (55 %–88 %) compared with those of BM. The concurrent enhancement in corrosion resistance can further be ascribed to the reduced crystal defects, such as dislocations derived from continuous dynamic recrystallization, minimized galvanic corrosion effect due to finer MgLiAl₂ and AlLi precipitates and CNO particles, and the formation of relatively compact and stable corrosion product layers associated with Al particles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114940"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlative characterization to understand ferrite recrystallization in dual phase steels","authors":"Chavan Akash Naik ,&nbsp;B.K. Sarath Kumar ,&nbsp;Harita Seekala ,&nbsp;S. Janakiram ,&nbsp;Leo A.I. Kestens ,&nbsp;Jai Prakash Gautam ,&nbsp;P. Sudharshan Phani","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A systematic experimental study has been carried out to understand ferrite recrystallization during isothermal annealing just below Ac1 in dual phase steels. Three different dual phase microstructures – ferrite-pearlite (FP), ferrite-bainite (FB) and ferrite-martensite (FM) were produced with an identical chemical composition. These samples were subjected to 80 % cold work and subsequently annealed at 725 °C for different soaking durations. The complex interaction between ferrite and secondary constituent/phase during deformation lead to differences in strain partitioning which influenced the kinetics of ferrite recrystallization. The sample with ferrite-martensite (FM) microstructure exhibited faster recrystallization kinetics followed by ferrite-bainite (FB) and ferrite-pearlite (FP). The microstructure and associated hardness evolution starting from cold rolling to annealing for different durations was carefully captured with electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) and high-speed nanoindentation mapping. Excellent one-to-one correlation between hardness and KAM was observed by coupling EBSD-KAM and nanoindentation mapping. The effect of the secondary constituent/phase on ferrite recrystallization is presented and differences in the recrystallization kinetics are reconciled by correlative characterization. This work lays a foundation to link microstructure to the local mechanical response in dual phase steels and can be gainfully used to characterize multiphase steels and ultimately fine tune the processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114951"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure evolution and high temperature performance of AlCrCu1-xMoxNi high-entropy alloy coatings prepared by HVOF","authors":"Yunlong Lei ,&nbsp;Zitao Jiang ,&nbsp;Kang Yang ,&nbsp;Baohong Tong ,&nbsp;Xia Liu ,&nbsp;Shihong Zhang ,&nbsp;Yang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>AlCrCu_1-xMo_xNi (x = 0.25, 0.5, 0.75) high entropy alloy (HEA) coatings were prepared by High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) technique. The microstructure, elemental distribution and phase structure of the coatings were characterized via SEM, EDS, XRD and TEM. The wear performance was assessed through friction and wear tests. The results indicate that both hardness and elastic modulus of the coatings increase with higher Mo content. Post-testing, the wear rates of the Cu_0.75Mo_0.25, Cu_0.5Mo_0.5 and Cu_0.25Mo_0.75 HEA coatings were found to be 1.01 × 10⁻⁴ mm³/N·m, 3.36 × 10⁻⁵ mm³/N·m and 2.74 × 10⁻⁵ mm³/N·m，respectively. The Cu_0.25Mo_0.75 HEA coatings exhibited the lowest wear rate, attributed to the synergistic lubrication effect between MoO₃ and other oxides. The primary wear mechanisms were identified as abrasive and oxidative wear. As the Mo content increased, abrasive wear decreased, with oxidative wear becoming the dominant mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114953"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sulfur-suppressed surface crystallization of Fe-based amorphous alloys","authors":"Shuai Mo ,&nbsp;Hua Zhang ,&nbsp;Guoyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Tao Liu ,&nbsp;Anding Wang ,&nbsp;Hongwei Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114949","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114949","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the mechanism governing surface crystallization of Fe-based amorphous soft-magnetic alloys is of paramount importance to their industrial production. In this study, the surface microstructural characteristics and elemental depth-distribution of the (Fe_0.78Si_0.09B_0.13)_{100-<em>x</em>}S_<em>x</em> (<em>x</em> = 0–0.1) ribbons were carefully characterized. Accordingly, the surface crystallization mechanism and sulfur-suppressed surface crystallization as well as its effect on magnetic properties were thoroughly discussed. We found that the crystallization of Fe₇₈Si₉B₁₃ (at.%) ribbon is exclusively confined to the free surface with a limited quantity of α-Fe(Si) grains, which stems from the local composition change caused by the oxidation of the constituent Si, B elements and the heterogeneous nucleation due to the precipitated oxides. Surprisingly, the addition of S element can effectively suppress the surface crystallization and readily obtain amorphous ribbons with enhanced magnetic softness. The underlying mechanism should be attributed to the formation of Fe-S clusters and the dense packing of Fe atoms in the near free surface layer. The increased atomic packing density will impede the diffusion of Si, B elements to the ribbon's free surface, and thereby avoiding oxidation and ensuring uniform composition. As a result, amorphous ribbons with the elimination of surface crystallization can be obtained after adding S content exceeds 0.05 at.%, which facilitates the reduction of coercivity (<em>H</em>_c) while preserving saturation induction (<em>B</em>_s). These findings are important and provide a new strategy for suppressing surface crystallization, which is of great significance to the wide application of sulfur-containing raw materials and the large-scale industrial production of high performance soft-magnetic materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114949"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of (Ti, Zr, Hf)C medium-entropy and (Ti, Zr, Hf, Ta)C high-entropy modification on microstructure and ablative properties of C/C-SiC composites","authors":"Xiaxiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiao Luo ,&nbsp;Zhongguo Liu ,&nbsp;Yuanming Zuo ,&nbsp;Xin Yang ,&nbsp;Qizhong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114952","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114952","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The solid solution and ablative mechanism of C/C-SiC composites modified by medium-entropy carbides (MECs) and high-entropy carbides (HECs) were systematically investigated. Compared with MECs, the incorporation of Ta atom generated additional vacancies, facilitating the formation of solid solutions at lower temperatures. C/C-HEC-SiC composites exhibited superior ablation resistance owing to the formation of Ta-doped oxide film. Ta₂O₅ with lower volatilization pressure effectively filled defects formed by the volatilization of Si and Ti oxides, inhibiting oxygen infiltration. Furthermore, higher reversible peritectic temperature of (Hf, Zr)₆Ta₂O₁₇ reduces the production of low viscosity liquid phase, thus mitigating mechanical erosion induced by phase separation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114952"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure and mechanical properties of nickel-based superalloy MAR-M247 fabricated via electron beam powder bed fusion (EPBF)","authors":"Minsoo Jin ,&nbsp;Tae-Hyeok Kang ,&nbsp;Hyeonbeen Noh ,&nbsp;Byoungsoo Lee ,&nbsp;Haejin Lee ,&nbsp;Sangsung Yang ,&nbsp;Pyuck-Pa Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>MAR-M247, a nickel-based superalloy, offers excellent mechanical properties at elevated temperatures but suffers from poor printability due to severe cracking. This study demonstrates the successful fabrication of MAR-M247 using electron-beam powder bed fusion (EPBF) with pre-heating at 1000 °C, achieving a high relative density (&gt;99.5 %). Pre-heating suppressed the typical solidification microstructures observed in AM-fabricated alloys and minimised residual stress, resulting in reduced cracking. The as-printed alloy exhibited superior mechanical properties, with yield strengths of 820 MPa at room temperature and 640 MPa at 871 °C, outperforming conventionally cast MAR-M247. Atom probe tomography (APT) confirmed a high volume fraction (73.1 %) of γ' precipitates, including fine secondary precipitates near grain boundaries, enhancing mechanical strength by restricting dislocation motion. However, ductility decreased at elevated temperatures due to liquation cracking along grain boundaries, driven by solute segregation (Mo, B, and Cr). Creep behaviour analysis using the Larson-Miller Parameter (LMP) indicated that the as-printed alloy exhibited a rupture life comparable to post-processed cast alloys despite the presence of liquation cracks. Primary γ' precipitates (0.2–1 μm) were the main contributors to creep resistance, while fine secondary precipitates (∼30 nm) near grain boundaries provided additional resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114938"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing the butterfly white etching area and crack formation mechanism under rolling contact fatigue in M50 bearing steel","authors":"Yahui Deng ,&nbsp;Junjie Sheng ,&nbsp;Tengshi Liu ,&nbsp;Yangxin Wang ,&nbsp;Chundong Hu ,&nbsp;Han Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>White etching area (WEA) and the associated white etching crack (WEC) are mainly responsible for failure of widely spread aerospace materials such as M50 bearing steel The microstructural evolution and formation mechanism of butterfly WEA and WEC in M50 steel during rolling contact fatigue (RCF) at micro-cale to nano-cale are systematically analyzed. The results demonstrate that the butterfly WEA comprises a nanocrystalline α-Fe phase, M₂C and M₇C₃ nanocrystallites, and an amorphous phase. We propose that H can serve as the driving force for WEC and induce the segregation of C, Cr, and V atoms. Moreover, with the extension of cycles, the refinement of the matrix structure, the dissolution of M₃C carbide, and the diffusion of metal elements are accelerated, promoting the formation of nanocrystalline and amorphous phases. Subsequently, the formation and propagation of WEC lead to bearing steel failure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114936"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing surface integrity and fatigue behavior of additively manufactured 17–4PH stainless steel via mechanical post-treatments","authors":"Mahmoud Naim ,&nbsp;Mahdi Chemkhi ,&nbsp;Julien Boussel ,&nbsp;Matthieu Strub ,&nbsp;Akram Alhussein","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal-based material extrusion (MEX) is a promising alternative technique to metal injection molding (MIM), for the low-volume production of complex metallic parts. This is particularly due to its demonstrated ability to process challenging materials like 17–4PH stainless steel. However, there is a limited literature on the fatigue behavior of this material when produced using MEX and the impact of post-treatments on it. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effect of mechanical post-treatments (i.e. sandblasting (SB), tribo-finsihing (TR) and SB followed by TR or Duplex (DP)) on the fatigue behavior of MEX-ed 17–4PH stainless steel. The study found that the mechanical post-treatments induce compressive residual stresses near the surface, reduce the surface roughness in specific faces, close open porosities in certain regions of the parts, and increase the superficial nano-hardness. The deep high compressive residual stresses in the SB-ed and DP treated specimens contributed to augmenting the fatigue limit by ∼125 MPa and shifted the fracture initiation location towards the subsurface, compared to the untreated material. The Al₂O₃ surface pollution from SB may have also resulted in the initiation of the cracks from the free surface of DP specimens. The tribo-finishing treatment enhanced the fatigue life by a factor of 2–5, for stresses between 300 MPa and 500 MPa. Intra-granular cracks in the martensite grains dominated the fracture surfaces of all the specimens and quasi-cleavage facets that may correspond to <span><math><mi>δ</mi></math></span>-ferrite were observed. Moreover, inter-granular cracks were witnessed at the weak <span><math><mi>δ</mi></math></span>-ferrite/martensite grain boundaries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114941"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exceptional thermal conductivity and superior modulus of magnesium alloys via carbon fiber incorporation","authors":"Fanjin Yao ,&nbsp;Zixin Li ,&nbsp;Bo Hu ,&nbsp;Jiaxuan Han ,&nbsp;Qianxi Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinhui Wang ,&nbsp;Dejiang Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnesium (Mg) alloys as the lightest metallic structural materials are strongly embraced in 3C products and 5G communications. Yet, their unsatisfactory thermal conductivity and stiffness fail to meet the progressively stringent demands for thermal management and extreme thinness. Herein, the Mg matrix composites with diverse volume fractions of the carbon fiber (CF) were fabricated by the differential speed stir casting followed by hot extrusion. The exceptional thermal conductivity (163.8 W/(m·K), surpassing pure Mg) and superior modulus (55.8 GPa) were realized with 14 vol% CF. The thermal conductivity and modulus were elevated to 188.3 % and 126.5 % of the respective values for AZ31 Mg alloys commonly employed in 3C structural components. The heat-conduction behaviors were scrutinized utilizing the scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) and actual microstructural finite element (FE) simulations. The pronounced microscale temperature differential between the CF (60.3 °C) and Mg matrix (65.6 °C) demonstrated that the CF can effectively ameliorate the thermal conductivity of the Mg matrix. This improvement was realized by constructing the most efficient pathway for heat flux. The inherent high modulus of the CF (205.3 GPa) contributed to the enhancement in the modulus of the Mg matrix. Thermal mismatch, grain refinement, and load transfer strengthening mechanisms co-contributed to the enhancement in yield strength. This work bridges the exceptional thermal conductivity and superior modulus of Mg matrix composites, paving the way for modern high-performance smart terminals and communication devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114946"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The solution treatment temperature and duration regulate the SIMT mechanism in laser powder bed fusion Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloys","authors":"Ziwei Yang ,&nbsp;Junqiang Xu ,&nbsp;Qi Zhou ,&nbsp;Cong Li ,&nbsp;Jian Kong ,&nbsp;Kehong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat treatment is a crucial postprocessing step to tailor the microstructure and enhance the mechanical properties of additively manufactured titanium alloys. This study investigated the effects of solution treatment temperature and duration on the microstructural and mechanical properties of LPBF-fabricated Ti-1023, focusing on the activation and regulation of the stress-induced martensitic transformation (SIMT) mechanism. The as-fabricated sample exhibited a dual-phase (β + ω_iso). Increasing the solution temperature from 600 °C to 800 °C reduced α phase content from 52.7 % to 15.3 %. A prolonged duration at 900 °C(10-40 min) induced substantial β grain coarsening, maintaining a (β + ω) phase. The as-fabricated sample displayed brittle fracture, whereas the solution treatments significantly improved elongation. At 800 °C, the elongation reached 16.6 %, and further extending the duration at 900 °C increased it to 23.0 %, due to SIMT activation. During LPBF processing, repeated thermal cycles lead to a high density of dislocations (average KAM = 0.67°) and promote the transformation of the preprecipitated ω into a hard and brittle ω_iso, both of which contribute to brittle fracture. Solution treatment eliminated dislocations and facilitated ω_iso → α phase transformation (325–410 °C), whereas α phase precipitation stabilized β through Al depletion and Fe/V enrichment. The SIMT is influenced by β phase stability ([Mo]_e_q) and grain size. Increasing the solution temperature reduced [Mo]_e_q from 23.0 to 14.8, with the critical [Mo]_e_q range for SIMT activation being 14.8–15.4. At 900 °C, [Mo]_e_q stabilized at 10.1, while lager grain size reduced α″ martensite content and elongation. Additionally, solution treatment promotes elemental homogenization, with optimal homogenization achieved after 2.4 min at 900 °C, resulting in the maximum elongation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114948"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}