Materials Characterization最新文献

{"title":"Effect of ZnO substitution on crystallization and properties of the metastable phase MgAl2Si3O10-dominated MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 transparent glass-ceramics","authors":"Xuerong Li,&nbsp;Haifeng Wang,&nbsp;Yaogang Li,&nbsp;Lianjun Wang,&nbsp;Jianwei Lu,&nbsp;Wenhao Sun,&nbsp;Wenpeng Xu,&nbsp;Demei Jiang,&nbsp;Xiang Zheng,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Li,&nbsp;Xiuli Liao,&nbsp;Junfen Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2026.117108","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2026.117108","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Owing to the inherent trade-off between crystallization-induced strengthening and light scattering caused by microstructural heterogeneity, the fabrication of MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ transparent glass-ceramics (MAS-TGCs) with excellent optical transmittance and mechanical robustness remains a critical challenge. Metastable-phase-mediated crystallization offers a promising strategy to address this issue by enabling crystallization with improved refractive-index compatibility. In this work, MgAl₂Si₃O₁₀ was selected as a representative metastable phase, and partial substitution of MgO by ZnO was employed to regulate its precipitation behavior in MAS-TGCs. ZnO incorporation induced a composition-dependent redistribution of Qⁿ-related local environments, reduced network connectivity, and promoted glass-network depolymerization, thereby lowering both the glass transition temperature (<em>T</em>_g) and crystallization temperature (<em>T</em>_c). The structural evolution enhanced atomic mobility and broadened the effective crystallization window (950–1030 °C), thereby facilitating the selective precipitation of MgAl₂Si₃O₁₀. At optimal ZnO contents (≤6 mol%), MgAl₂Si₃O₁₀-dominated glass-ceramics exhibited a high optical transmittance (&gt;85%) together with enhanced Vickers hardness (<em>H</em>_V) (8.82 GPa) and indentation-derived fracture toughness (<em>K</em>_IC) (2.03 MPa·m^1/2). Moderate ZnO substitution favored MgAl₂Si₃O₁₀-dominated crystallization, whereas excessive ZnO altered the crystallization pathway and promoted competitive multiphase formation. These findings demonstrate that controlled ZnO substitution provides an effective kinetic route for regulating metastable-phase precipitation and achieving a balance between optical transparency and mechanical performance in MAS-TGCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 117108"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149199179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HIP treatment of LPBF fabricated Haynes 230: Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties","authors":"Kaixin He,&nbsp;Shuai Wang,&nbsp;Jiayi Jin,&nbsp;Xiaoen Xiao,&nbsp;Delong Gong,&nbsp;Hao Ding,&nbsp;Lujun Huang,&nbsp;Lin Geng","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2026.117140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2026.117140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To achieve densification and improve the mechanical properties of LPBF-fabricated Haynes 230, hot isostatic pressing (HIP) was performed at 950, 1050, 1150 and 1250 °C under a constant pressure of 150 MPa for 150 min. The effects of HIP temperature on defect healing, grain evolution, carbide precipitation, and mechanical properties were systematically investigated. The results showed that porosity decreased rapidly with increasing HIP temperature. After HIP at 1050 °C and above, the microcracks were completely healed, the porosity decreased to 0.06% or lower, resulting in a nearly fully dense microstructure. Grain evolution exhibited a distinct temperature threshold. At HIP temperatures below 1150 °C, the grain size, morphology, and orientation remained essentially unchanged from the as-printed state. However, at 1250 °C the grains coarsened markedly and became equiaxed. The carbides progressively coarsened with increasing HIP temperature. The intragranular carbide size increased from 0.14 μm at 950 °C to 1.11 μm at 1250 °C, while grain-boundary carbide size increased from 0.56 μm to 2.54 μm. A 1.8 μm-wide intergranular precipitate-free zone appeared at 1150 °C, followed by complete carbide coarsening at 1250 °C. After HIP at 1050 °C, the room-temperature yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation were 666 MPa, 1118 MPa, and 45%, respectively. The high-temperature (at 900 °C) tensile strength reached 247 MPa and elongation attained 44%. The cellular substructures present in the as-built state contributed substantially to its high yield strength. While after HIP, the precipitated carbides provided additional precipitation strengthening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 117140"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149199356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructure and high thermal conductivity of Cu/CNTs-GO/Cu sandwich composite foils prepared by a novel electrodeposition-ultrasonic spraying and hot pressing sintering method","authors":"Zhanfeng Lu,&nbsp;Jianan Liu,&nbsp;Qinjia Zhang,&nbsp;Jingsong Zhang,&nbsp;Jiaming Cao,&nbsp;Bin Zhao,&nbsp;Vincent Ji,&nbsp;Dehui Li,&nbsp;Ke Zhan","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2026.117152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2026.117152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-efficiency heat dissipation is critical for maintaining optimal performance and reliability in high-power-density electronic devices. In this work, carbon nanotubes-graphene oxide (CNTs-GO) hybrid reinforced copper composite foils with macroscopic sandwich structure and microscopic interconnection are fabricated via a novel route combining ultrasonic precision spraying-electrodeposition and subsequent hot press sintering. The key processing parameters are optimized as follows: direct current electrodeposition at 8 A/dm²for 15 min; ultrasonic spraying with a nozzle power of 30 W, suspension feed rate of 0.1 mL/min with substrate temperature of 128 °C; vacuum hot-press sintering at 800 °C under a pressure of 10 kN (5.1 MPa) with a 60 min isothermal hold. Systematic characterization of the microstructure and thermal conduction mechanism reveals that when the CNT-GO concentration ratio is 2:1, the hybrid reinforcements form a continuous interpenetrating network. Additionally, in-situ generated Cu₂O nanoparticles at the Cu‑carbon interface could synergistically enhance interfacial bonding by forming covalent Cu-O-C bonds. These structural features collectively contribute to a maximum thermal conductivity of 619 W·m⁻¹·k⁻¹ in the composite foils, representing a 54.4% improvement over pure Cu (401 W·m⁻¹·k⁻¹). This exceptional performance is attributed to the designed sandwich Cu-C-Cu architecture with interconnected Cu<img>C substructure, as well as the microstructural refinement achieved through hot-press sintering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 117152"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149199357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Staged induction of uniform subgrain nucleation and growth in 60NiTi intermetallic through multi-pass deformation","authors":"Haomin Feng,&nbsp;Xingchuan Xia,&nbsp;Yi Cui,&nbsp;Wenquan Cao,&nbsp;Yingli Zhao,&nbsp;Chong Li,&nbsp;Ziyue Zhang,&nbsp;Jian Ding,&nbsp;Yunfei Zhang,&nbsp;Yongchang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2026.117164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2026.117164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>60NiTi intermetallic is an attractive bearing material for centrifugal pumps in space life-support systems due to its low density, high hardness and non-magnetic. Hot-deformation process and recrystallization mechanism have been clarified for single-pass deformation. However, single-pass processing tends to produce heterogeneous necklace-like structure. In this work, three multi-pass deformation paths were designed to regulate deformation microstructure of 60NiTi intermetallic: Isothermal, Continuously decreasing and Decreasing-increasing. The decreasing-increasing path produced uniform subgrains and Ni₄Ti₃ phase through stored-energy accumulation at low temperature and meta-dynamic recrystallization during reheating. Stage I at 950 °C fragmented the long-lath Ni₃Ti phase into short rods and introduced dislocations. High Schmid factors facilitated dislocation glide on the {110}〈111〉 and {123}〈111〉 slip systems. Stage II at 850 °C promoted dislocation accumulation within grains and around Ni₄Ti₃ phase, creating high stored energy for substructure nucleation. However, lower Schmid factors hindered dislocation glide and weakened intergranular deformation, thereby increasing the flow stress. During Stage III at 900 °C, the inter-pass interval promoted dislocation rearrangement and meta-dynamic recrystallisation. Subgrains grew from grain boundaries towards grain interiors, and their misorientation increased from 0.77° to 4.48°. The equiaxed subgrains were refined to 4.55 μm without strong crystallographic orientation and necklace-like structure. Meanwhile, the concurrent evolution of subgrains and Ni₄Ti₃ phase consumed dislocations as strain increased, reducing flow stress. These findings provide theoretical and processing guidance for multi-step forging of 60NiTi intermetallic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 117164"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149199271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-deformation driven interface modulation enhances ductility of AlCu bimetallic composites fabricated by pulsed current bonding","authors":"Mengting Ran,&nbsp;Jiasong Zhang,&nbsp;Tingting Zhang,&nbsp;Wenxian Wang,&nbsp;Yu Wang,&nbsp;Yue Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2026.117118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2026.117118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coarsening of brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs) at the interface due to excessive processing temperature and time—remains a persistent challenge for diffusion-bonded bimetallic composites, often leading to ductility loss. Herein, we proposed a strategy that combines pre-deformation with pulsed current bonding. The Cu/Al binary system was selected as a model to verify the effectiveness of this process. Pure Cu and Al sheets were cold-rolled to pre-deformations of 0–30% and then bonded by pulsed current sintering at 475 °C for 10 min under 20 MPa. The 20% pre-deformed sample (Pd20) achieved an ultimate tensile strength of 155.2 MPa and an elongation of 50.3%, superior to the undeformed and other pre-deformed counterparts, and outperforms conventional Al<img>Cu bimetallic composites. Pd20 sample formed a crack-free, graded interface comprising a thin Al₄Cu₉ layer adjacent to Cu side and an α-Al + Al₂Cu eutectic layer toward Al side, together with fine recrystallized Cu grains and sub-grains in the Al side. Counterintuitively, Pd20 sample had a thicker reaction layer (∼34.2 μm) than Pd10 sample (∼20.4 μm) but exhibited better strength-ductility synergy, indicating that interfacial architecture rather than absolute IMCs thickness controls mechanical performance. The eutectic layer acts as a transition zone that mitigates the severe hardness/modulus mismatch between hard IMCs (9.52 GPa/206 GPa) and soft Al side, promoting coordinated deformation and crack blunting. Thus, the superior ductility originates from a special interface structure, characterized by finely distributed IMCs, eutectic phase, and sub-grains across various length scales, realized via process manipulation. This work demonstrates a promising pathway for overcoming the longstanding contradiction between enhanced diffusion capability and reduced bonding temperature in bimetallic composites, and the proposed strategy can be readily extended to other dissimilar metal systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 117118"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149199439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of beam oscillation on microstructure evolution and wear behavior in laser cladding of 2024 aluminum alloy","authors":"Xin Meng,&nbsp;Yuehua Cao,&nbsp;Guoqing Dai,&nbsp;Yanhua Guo,&nbsp;Zhonggang Sun,&nbsp;Xingrong Chu,&nbsp;Zongtao Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2026.117061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2026.117061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser-clad 2024 aluminum alloy coatings exhibit inferior wear resistance due to severe solute segregation and coarse microstructure, greatly limiting their service life in extreme environments. In this work, circular beam oscillation is introduced into laser cladding to in situ regulate the temperature field of the molten pool, establishing an oscillating laser cladding technique without the additional auxiliary equipment. The effects of beam oscillation on microstructure evolution, solute diffusion, and wear performance are systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that increasing the oscillation amplitude from 0 to 1.2 mm reduces the coating porosity to below 0.05%. As the oscillation frequency rises from 0 to 200 Hz, the epitaxial growth of dendrites is effectively hindered, leading to a 52% refinement in average grain size. Meanwhile, solute diffusion is significantly accelerated, which markedly narrows the discrepancies in microhardness and elastic modulus between the matrix and precipitated phases. Relative to non-oscillated conditions, laser oscillation at 200 Hz reduces both the average friction coefficient (by 11.29%) and wear volume (by 31.82%), mitigating surface damage induced by abrasive and adhesive wear. Furthermore, this study revealed the effect of the laser oscillation on the thermo-hydrodynamic behavior of the molten pool. The relationship among oscillation parameters, microstructure, and wear mechanism was established to provide scientific guidance for surface repair and modification of high-strength aluminum alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 117061"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149199430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Surface and microstructural evolution of EUROFER97–3 during hydrogen isotope permeation experiments”, [Mater. Character. 239 (2026) 116724]","authors":"M. Malo,&nbsp;I. Peñalva,&nbsp;M.- Roldán,&nbsp;M. Urrestizala,&nbsp;L. Monasterio-Guillot,&nbsp;S.J. Hendricks,&nbsp;J.M. García-González,&nbsp;E. Carella","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2026.117084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2026.117084","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 117084"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149153902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of macroscopic geometric configuration regulating atomic supply and reaction pathways at titanium/steel composite interfaces","authors":"Hongting Chen,&nbsp;Xuefeng Liu,&nbsp;Zhiyan Yang,&nbsp;Xin Ma,&nbsp;Wenjing Wang,&nbsp;Yaohua Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2026.117135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2026.117135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanical performance of laminated metal composites is dictated by intermetallic compounds formed at composite interfaces. However, their control has long been restricted to traditional process parameters (temperature, time, and deformation), failing to recognize the fundamental limits imposed by geometric constraints on atomic supply. Through comparative experiments on acute-angle and obtuse-angle inverse geometric configurations in a titanium/steel composite system, this study reveals that altering solely the macroscopic geometric configuration—under identical temperature, time, and deformation conditions—yields an order-of-magnitude difference in interfacial bending life. Mechanistic investigations demonstrate that in the acute-angle configuration, the insufficient localized steel thickness at the tip causes rapid carbon depletion within a confined space, interrupting the growth of the TiC diffusion barrier layer and triggering the formation of β-Ti and brittle FeTi/Fe₂Ti phases, which leads to interfacial cracking after only 4 repetitive bending cycles. Conversely, the obtuse-angle configuration guarantees a continuous carbon supply owing to its sufficient steel thickness, forming a continuous submicron TiC layer that remains intact even after 40 repetitive bending cycles. A quantitative geometry–diffusion–reaction model based on atomic mass conservation was established, deriving the critical geometric condition for forming a continuous TiC diffusion barrier layer as <span><math><msub><mi>D</mi><mtext>critical</mtext></msub><mo>=</mo><mi>K</mi><mfrac><mi>x</mi><mrow><msub><mi>C</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>S</mi><mi>C</mi></msub></mrow></mfrac><mi>d</mi></math></span>. This work highlights the governing role of macroscopic geometric configurations as a key parameter controlling atomic supply to dictate interfacial reaction pathways, extends the theoretical analysis from semi-infinite planar conditions to finite geometric constraints, and offers a new physical framework and quantitative design criterion for tailoring interfacial reaction pathways in dissimilar material joining.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 117135"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149199182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residual stress characterization of dissimilar Ti/Al spot welds: A comparative study using synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction","authors":"Sanjay C. Krishnamurthy,&nbsp;Lasse Malaske,&nbsp;David Canelo-Yubero,&nbsp;Marc-André Nielsen,&nbsp;Thilo Pirling,&nbsp;Marie-Noëlle Avettand-Fènoël,&nbsp;Aude Simar,&nbsp;Benjamin Klusemann","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2026.117153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2026.117153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Residual stress (RS) plays a critical role in the structural integrity of dissimilar titanium/aluminum (Ti/Al) spot welds, yet its reliable determination and interpretation remain challenging due to strong microstructural heterogeneity and steep stress gradients. In this study, RS distributions in Ti/Al spot welds produced by refill friction stir spot welding (refill FSSW) and spot friction melt bonding (FMB) are investigated using Neutron Diffraction (ND) and Energy-Dispersive Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction (EDXRD). This work provides an original study on the quantification of RS using diffraction-based methods in dissimilar Ti/Al spot welds and presents a direct comparison between ND and EDXRD to assess their respective capabilities for RS determination. The results show that RS evolution is strongly dependent on the joining process. In spot FMB, RS is dominated by thermally induced stresses in the Ti, where constrained thermal contraction leads to high stress magnitudes and steep through-thickness gradients. In contrast, refill FSSW leads to a more uniform RS distribution owing to homogeneous deformation in the Al and limited influence of the process on the Ti. The comparison between ND and EDXRD reveals differences in the measured RS distributions, particularly in regions with steep gradients and pronounced microstructural heterogeneity, where spatial averaging effects influence ND measurements. In refill FSSW welds, where the microstructure is more homogeneous, both techniques show comparable RS trends. These findings provide new insights into the relationship between welding process, microstructure, and RS evolution in dissimilar Ti/Al joints.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 117153"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149199358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupled La2O3 strengthening and HERF-induced hierarchical substructures enable wide-temperature strength-ductility synergy in ODS tungsten","authors":"Peng-Cheng Cai,&nbsp;Xin-Wen Zhou,&nbsp;Xiao-Ming Dang,&nbsp;Zhen-Qi Shi,&nbsp;Guo-Hua Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2026.117125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2026.117125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxide-dispersion-strengthened tungsten (ODS-W) alloys are promising candidates for fusion energy and other extreme environments, yet their application remains limited by low-temperature brittleness, weak strain hardening and grain-boundary cracking. Oxide particles can pin grain boundaries and suppress coarsening, but excessive intergranular enrichment may also promote local stress concentration and intergranular fracture. Here we develop a multiscale microstructure design strategy that combines bottom-up powder synthesis with top-down high-energy-rate forging (HERF). Nanoscale W-1 wt% La₂O₃ composite powders were prepared by spray drying, carbothermic pre-reduction and hydrogen deep deoxygenation, followed by low-temperature hydrogen sintering. Subsequent HERF reconstructed the W matrix into an elongated hierarchical structure containing dense sub structures and dislocation networks. The characteristic structural size decreased from 2.72 to 0.81 μm, while the fraction of LAGBs increased from 3.8% to 66.3%. The forged alloy showed measurable tensile ductility at 100 °C, indicating a brittle-to-ductile transition temperature (BDTT) below 100 °C. It achieved an ultimate tensile strength of 1204 MPa and a total elongation of 4.9% at 200 °C, while maintaining a favorable strength-ductility balance from 100 to 600 °C. Multiscale characterization combined with DFT, MD and CPFEM simulations shows that La₂O₃ stabilizes the refined microstructure through grain-boundary pinning, while intragranular particles, forged substructures and dislocation networks promote dislocation storage, plastic-strain transfer and stress redistribution. These coupled effects suppress premature crack initiation and enable wide-temperature strength-ductility synergy in ODS-W.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 117125"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149199437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}