Materials Characterization最新文献

{"title":"Superior combination of strength and ductility in gradient-structured Cu-Ge alloy","authors":"Yulan Gong ,&nbsp;Baozhuang Cai ,&nbsp;Lele Sun ,&nbsp;Xingfu Li ,&nbsp;Mengxiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Jingran Yang ,&nbsp;Cong Li ,&nbsp;Zhilin Wu ,&nbsp;Jin Wang ,&nbsp;Delong Zhang ,&nbsp;Bo Gao ,&nbsp;Tabasum Huma ,&nbsp;Xinkun Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The microstructures and mechanical properties of gradient Cu-9.0 at.%Ge alloy produced by surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) with different durations at the liquid nitrogen temperature have been investigated. In the process of SMAT, the gradient distribution of defects, including dislocations, twins, and stacking faults was formed. The SMATed alloy showed more than twice the yield strength, while the uniform elongation remained as much as ∼0.65, comparable to that in the untreated samples, suggesting excellent strength-ductility synergy. Multiple strengthening mechanisms promoted strengthening and hardening, including dislocation pile-up, deformation twinning, and stacking faults. The accommodation deformation between the surface hard and central soft layers induced strain delocalization. The strength-ductility synergy of the alloy is attributed to the high strain hardening rate caused by hetero-deformation-induced (HDI) hardening, strain delocalization, and synergistic strengthening. The study provides new insights and guidelines for the future design of gradient materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114959"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143734865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of pre-weld microstructures and mechanical properties of 6061 aluminum alloy on the welding quality of FSLW joints between 6061 aluminum alloy and 316 stainless steel","authors":"Sheng Liu ,&nbsp;Jingqiao Qin ,&nbsp;Yongjun Ren ,&nbsp;Xinbin Hu ,&nbsp;Wei Long","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114968","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114968","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of pre-weld microstructures and properties of 6061 aluminum alloy on the welding quality of FSLW joints between 6061 aluminum alloy and 316 L stainless steel plates was carried out. The results show that the variations of composition, microstructure and property of pre-welded 6061 plates have a significant impact on the microstructures and properties of 6061/316 L FSLW joints when the welding process parameters are fixed. The high-strength 6061 is prone to introducing defects during the welding process. The strength, plasticity and hardness of the 6061 comprehensively affect the metal fluidity during welding and the ability to achieve better metallurgical/mechanical bonding of 6061 and 316 L. By adjusting the microstructure and properties of 6061 before welding, the metal fluidity of the nugget zone of 6061/316 L can be improved, and the defects can be reduced, thus indirectly improving the properties of the joints. A low proportion of low-angle grain boundaries, low-strength and hardness, high-plasticity and Si-rich phase-free solid-solution 6061 are perfectly suitable for welding with 316 L when the 6061 solution treatment is 500 °C/4 h with water quenching, welding speed is 100 mm/min, the plunge depth is 2.8 mm, and the rotation speed is 800 rpm, respectively. The shear strength of the joint can reach to 8817 N, representing a maximum increase of 173.82 % compared to that of the joint without pre-weld heat treatment. A novel method of using strength and plasticity ratio is proposed to precisely select suitable 6061 plate for high quality 6061/316 L FSLW joints under the given welding conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114968"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Excellent strength-toughness balance of low-carbon low-alloy steel manufactured by a three-stage rolling coupling inter-pass reheating process","authors":"Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Yinan Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoning Xu ,&nbsp;Bin Wang ,&nbsp;Bingxing Wang ,&nbsp;Yong Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114972","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114972","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a low-carbon low-alloy (LCLA) steel with ferrite and bainite mixed structure was successfully prepared by a novel three-stage rolling coupling inter-pass reheating process (TPS). The plate was compared to a plate prepared by conventional thermo-mechanical processing (CPS). The study on microstructure evolution, quasi-static tensile properties, dynamic Charpy impact toughness and fracture behavior of the experimental steels were deeply investigated. The results manifests that the TPS technology effectively refine the grain size of austenite grain and optimizes the distribution of the driving force behind phase transitions, thereby facilitating the development of a ferrite-bainite mixed microstructure (83.4 ± 6 % GB + 15.2 ± 3 % PF) in TPS steel. In contrast to CPS steel, the newly developed TPS steel significantly enhances low-temperature impact toughness while maintaining high strength, namely, a yield strength of 532 ± 7 MPa, a total elongation of 21.3 %, and the Charpy impact energy of 137 J at −60 °C. The refined grains and synergistic deformation of mixed microstructure can contribute to the excellent ductility without compromising strength in TPS steel. The excellent impact toughness of TPS steel is induced by multi-factor coupling. Finer initial effective grain size, higher proportion of high angle grain boundarie, higher intensity of the desired texture {332} 〈113〉, and significant hetero-deformation induced stress are all factors affecting toughness. Additionally, benefitted to the “weak interface” between ferrite and bainite, the delamination toughening is fully activated (extrinsic toughening), which significantly improves the overall fracture resistance. Based on the performance optimization results, the feasibility of preparing the LCLA steel with excellent combination of strength, ductility and toughness using three-stage rolling coupling inter-pass reheating process was verified. This innovative approach offers a pathway for the development of superior steel suitable for engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114972"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of site-specific solidification microstructure and texture during additive manufacturing of stainless steel 316L by laser powder bed fusion","authors":"Deepak Kumar ,&nbsp;Y.N. Aditya ,&nbsp;K.G. Prashanth ,&nbsp;Satyam Suwas","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114971","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114971","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present investigation addresses the evolution of microstructure and texture due to site-specific solidification conditions in additively manufactured stainless steel 316L by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) technique. Experiments were designed with increasing dimensionality from 1D to 3D that simulates and deconvolutes the different factors influencing the solidification conditions during additive manufacturing. At locations near to substrate, the large thermal gradient, the repeated heating/cooling cycle and the influence of overlapping region due to melt pool results in the formation of significantly high dislocation density, anisotropic columnar morphology of grains, and crystallographic texture consisting of 〈100〉 and 〈110〉 fibers along the building direction. In contrast, the availability of multiple heat flow direction combined with decreased intensity of heating/cooling cycle is experienced at the top region, that results into comparatively lesser dislocation density, decreased anisotropy and formation of 〈111〉 and other non-trivial texture fibers. To some extent, the solution annealing treatment eliminated the heterogeneities related to grains morphology and dislocation density, however, texture remains unaffected.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114971"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revealing the grain refinement and strengthening mechanisms of Al-Ce-Zr alloy via in-situ synchrotron X-ray imaging and diffraction","authors":"Junjie Wu ,&nbsp;Wenhui Tao ,&nbsp;Mengmeng Wang ,&nbsp;Jianzhou Long ,&nbsp;Baoxiang Shen ,&nbsp;Jun Wang ,&nbsp;An-Ping Dong ,&nbsp;Miao Wang ,&nbsp;Yifan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114965","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114965","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Al-Ce alloys are promising for high-temperature applications due to their thermally stable Al₁₁Ce₃ eutectic phase, yet their strength-ductility trade-off remains a critical challenge. This study introduces Zr to Al-5wt.%Ce hypoeutectic alloys to address this limitation. Combining thermodynamic calculations, microstructure characterization, and in-situ synchrotron X-ray imaging and diffraction, we elucidate the mechanisms of Zr-induced grain refinement and strengthening. Increasing Zr content promotes the formation of primary Al₃Zr phases, which act as heterogeneous nucleation sites, refining the average grain size from 576 ± 182 μm (Zr-free) to 452 ± 148 μm (0.5 wt% Zr). The Al-5Ce-0.5Zr alloy achieves optimized mechanical properties, with ultimate tensile strength increasing from 126 MPa to 137 MPa and elongation improving from 32 % to 37 %. In-situ experiments reveal that load transfer to the Al₁₁Ce₃ phase and enhanced strain hardening in both α-Al and Al₁₁Ce₃ contribute synergistically to strength and ductility. A quantitative model confirms that stress partitioning to Al₁₁Ce₃ rises from 170 MPa to 210 MPa with Zr addition. These findings provide critical insights for designing high-performance Al-Ce alloys via grain refinement and eutectic phase strengthening, advancing their potential in casting and additive manufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114965"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic study of plastic non-equilibrium in AlMg alloy containing solute clusters","authors":"L. Mei ,&nbsp;J. Xie ,&nbsp;X.P. Chen ,&nbsp;Y. Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The microstructure and Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC) effect of a cryogenic submerged friction stir processed (SFS) Al<img>Mg alloy were investigated by electron backscatter diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and tensile tests. Compared to the traditional friction stir processed (FSP) alloy, the SFS alloy showed similar grain refinement but lower proportion of recrystallized grains. Moreover, solute clusters were introduced in the alloy by cryogenic processing, which reduced the extreme amplitude and the average stress drop of serrated flow in the tensile stress-strain curves. The average stress drop within the identical region was diminished from 4.6 MPa in the case of FSP alloy to 3.8 MPa for SFS alloy. According to the quantitative multifractal analysis, the multifractal indices for specimens from three parts of stirring zone were transformed from 0.97, 0.78 and 1.77 of the FSP alloy to 1.05, 1.19 and 0.94 of the SFS alloy. Consequently, in comparison with FSP treatment, the technology route of SFS was conducive to reducing the difference among the overall serrated behaviors in stress-strain curves of specimens from three parts of the stirring zone. Finally, it could be found that multifractal heterogeneity was positively correlated with the fracture elongation, and the relationship between multifractal heterogeneity and mechanical properties was discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114967"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the seawater corrosion resistance mechanism of 7075 aluminum alloy based on combination strengthened gradient surface construction","authors":"Ping Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiujie Yue ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Jiang ,&nbsp;Yajie Sun ,&nbsp;Youqiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the seawater corrosion resistance mechanism of 7075 aluminum alloy by constructing a composite reinforced gradient surface. The research focuses on the impact of ultrasonic impact-solid shot peening and water jet (UIT-SPEWJ) combined surface modification on the seawater corrosion behavior of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy in natural seawater environments. Surface morphology, microstructural characterization, and electrochemical corrosion tests were analyzed to understand these effects. The findings reveal that in the seawater corrosion environment, the surface of the 7075-T6 aluminum alloy was covered with blocky corrosion products. The UIT-SPEWJ combined surface modification led to grain refinement, increased grain numbers, and a notable reduction in electrochemical corrosion current density. A positive shift in corrosion potential and a larger capacitive arc radius were also observed. Among the modified samples, the UIT-SPEWJ method resulted in the lowest corrosion current density at 2.697E-6 A/cm² and the most positive corrosion potential at −0.701 V. This combined surface modification approach significantly enhanced the seawater corrosion resistance of the 7075-T6 aluminum alloy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114964"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical and damping properties of heterogeneous laminated structure MnCu/CuGr composites","authors":"Jun He ,&nbsp;Rui Shu ,&nbsp;Hongliang Sun ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Zixuan Wu ,&nbsp;Liu Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaosong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on the fact that heterostructure materials can solve the problem of strength-plasticity inversion of conventional materials, in the present study, heterogeneous laminated structure (HLS) Mn40Cu/Cu<em>x</em>Gr (<em>x</em> = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 wt%) composites with different graphene (Gr) contents were prepared by layer stacking process and powder metallurgy process. The mechanical and damping properties of the prepared composites were synergistically optimized through strengthening mechanism of graphene as well as deformation coordination mechanism in the heterogeneous interface region. Mechanical properties of HLS composites are improved by load transfer strengthening, coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch strengthening of graphene and heterogeneous interface strengthening. The damping properties are attributed to mechanisms of dislocation damping and interface damping. HLS composite with 1.0 wt% graphene shows the best mechanical properties, the ultimate tensile strength is 313.65 MPa, the fracture strain is 0.53 %, while maintaining the high damping characteristics, and the tan δ is about 0.024 (<span><math><mi>T</mi><mo>=</mo></math></span>300 K, <span><math><mi>f</mi><mo>=</mo></math></span>1 Hz). This work provides research ideas for the realization of structure-function integrated metal matrix composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114950"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupling effects of interlayer holes and α-Ti variants on mechanical properties and anisotropy of additively manufactured titanium alloy","authors":"Shun Liu ,&nbsp;Hongzhi Niu ,&nbsp;Jiaxiao Liu ,&nbsp;Peng Cao ,&nbsp;Wuxin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The influence mechanism of additive manufacturing characteristic pores on mechanical properties of titanium alloys has not yet been well clarified. This study systematically investigates the influence of interlayer flat holes (IFHs) on anisotropic mechanical behaviors of a high-temperature titanium alloy fabricated via electron beam powder bed fusion (EB-PBF). IFHs have a more pronounced effect on strength and particularly ductility than spherical pores. Samples with IFHs exhibit an elongation-to-fracture (<em>EI</em>) only one-third that of highly dense samples in the build direction, with ultimate tensile strength (<em>UTS</em>) reduced by 100 MPa. IFHs also induce significant mechanical anisotropy: <em>EI</em> in the transverse direction reaches 8.0 %, double the value in the build direction, with <em>UTS</em> being 130 MPa higher. For the first time, mechanical degradation and anisotropy are attributed to a coupling effect of IFHs-induced reduction in effective bearing area, strong anisotropic stress fields, and the diversification of α-Ti variants. Under vertical loading, the anisotropic stress fields activate non-Schmid effects on slipping, promoting strain localization near IFHs through basal, prismatic, and pyramidal slips in α-variants. Consequently, an opening mode of IFHs proceeds since crack initiation at the IFHs' ends, causing premature fracture. These findings provide new insights into the role of pore defects in the anisotropic mechanical behaviors of EB-PBF-built titanium alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114954"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143681053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the structure and composition of grain boundary phases on the pinning strength of domain wall in nanocrystalline PrNd-Fe-B magnets","authors":"Yao Xiao ,&nbsp;Jun Li ,&nbsp;Renquan Wang ,&nbsp;Hongxing Chen ,&nbsp;Lu Wang ,&nbsp;Chang Liu ,&nbsp;Ying Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.114945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The critical role of grain boundary phases (GBPs) in the magnetic properties, <em>c</em>-axis texture, and pinning strength (PS) of domain walls (DWs) in nanocrystalline PrNd-Fe-B magnets was systematically investigated. The microstructural results show that with rare earth (RE) content increasing, the GBPs are optimized (the volume fraction is enhanced and the composition of GBPs is improved). This leads to an increase of coercivity, squareness factor, and temperature stability. At the thermally demagnetized state, the DWs are straight across the majority of thin ferromagnetism GBPs in low RE content magnets; the DWs are desultory and disappeared at nonferromagnetic thick GBPs in high RE content magnets. Furthermore, in situ observations of the magnetic domain evolutions suggest that the pinning mechanism plays a dominant role in determining the coercivity. With the optimization of GBPs, the coercivity mechanism transforms from inhomogeneous weak pinning to homogeneous strong pinning. Further study found that there exists an exponential function relationship between the average Nd + Pr concentration in the GBPs and PS of DWs. In addition, the weak pinning GBPs are characterized by discontinuous or continuous but thin structure and have low Nd + Pr content. The strong pinning GBPs are characterized by hybrid structure and have high Nd + Pr content, or by the continuous thick GBPs even without high Nd + Pr content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 114945"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}