{"title":"Precipitation behavior of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys with the coupled soft/hard micro-scale areas and its effect on properties","authors":"Jinming Zhi , Mingxing Guo , Wen Meng , Wei Zhou , Linzhong Zhuang , Huafen Lou","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel thermomechanical processing route was developed to prepare Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys containing heterostructures with coupled soft/hard micro-scale areas. The heterostructure gives an effect on the subsequent precipitation behavior of alloys. Importantly, the tensile strengths, elongation and corrosion resistance of grain boundaries of the #3 alloy with an appropriate coupled distribution of soft/hard micro-scale areas are all greatly improved compared with the alloy with the homogeneous structure. Based on the detailed microstructure characterization, the corresponding strengthening and corrosion resistance mechanisms of alloys with heterostructure have been established in this paper.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 114476"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Ickler , D. Jüngst , H. Meckbach , F. Zeismann , A. Brückner-Foit , M. Fehlbier
{"title":"SEM-DIC characterization of the damage mechanism of an AlSi10Fe0.7 casting alloy on the microstructure scale","authors":"T. Ickler , D. Jüngst , H. Meckbach , F. Zeismann , A. Brückner-Foit , M. Fehlbier","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114478","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114478","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Various brittle phases are present in commercial cast aluminum alloys, which strongly influence their mechanical behavior. Among these, silicon precipitates are nearly omnipresent, as Si is a common alloying element. In secondary alloys, usually Fe-containing phases cannot be avoided, and they tend to degrade the mechanical properties. The interaction between the silicon phase and the failure-critical intermetallic phase in the Al-Si-Fe phase system (β-<span><math><msub><mi>Al</mi><mn>5</mn></msub><mtext>FeSi</mtext></math></span>) is studied in this paper in high resolution. A model alloy AlSi10Fe0.7 was defined, which is composed of a large grain Al-matrix, Si-precipitates and the plate-like β-<span><math><msub><mi>Al</mi><mn>5</mn></msub><mtext>FeSi</mtext></math></span> phase. The goal of the study was to identify “hot spots” in the microstructure from which cracks may initiate under mechanical loading. The main tool was a deformation analysis via digital image correlation in the SEM (SEM-DIC). This allows the identification and tracking of developing strain localizations at different potential crack initiation sites with a high resolution as well as capturing an overview over the whole specimen. An adapted frame averaging script minimized measurement errors induced by drift. The SEM-DIC results show that the deformation field is governed by the elastic incompatibility of the microstructural constituents. Crack initiation occurs because of the detachment of the Si + β-<span><math><msub><mi>Al</mi><mn>5</mn></msub><mtext>FeSi</mtext></math></span> phase boundary. Cracks then cross the phase boundary and propagate along twin boundaries in the β-<span><math><msub><mi>Al</mi><mn>5</mn></msub><mtext>FeSi</mtext></math></span> phase. Final failure is caused by linking fractured brittle plate-like particles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 114478"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiaming Cao , Yimeng Li , Jianan Liu , Ke Zhan , Bin Zhao , Vincent Ji
{"title":"Engineering texture and twins of Cu foils preparing by pulse electrodeposition and their properties","authors":"Jiaming Cao , Yimeng Li , Jianan Liu , Ke Zhan , Bin Zhao , Vincent Ji","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The controllable microstructure and the overall performance improvement of electrodeposited nano twinned Cu (nt-Cu) foil are crucial for the sustainable development of high energy density batteries and microelectronics technology. Although pulse electrodeposition (PED) and additives have been widely used in controlling nt-Cu foil, there is still a lack of research on the controllable microstructure of nt-Cu foil and its microstructure depended properties. In this study, nt-Cu foils with different orientations were prepared by adjusting the T<sub>off</sub> time and additives during the PED process. The effects of these parameters on the microstructure and comprehensive properties of the nt-Cu foil were studied. The T<sub>off</sub> time and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-3-mercapto-1-propanesulfonate sodium salt (MPS)-(chloride ions)Cl<sup>−</sup> (PEG-MPS-Cl<sup>−</sup>) additive changed the kinetic parameters of the electrochemical reaction and ultimately affected the reduction rate of Cu<sup>2+</sup> and the overpotential of the deposition process. This modulation effectively regulated the nucleation and growth behavior of Cu atoms, thereby reducing the surface roughness of the nt-Cu foil, refining the grains, and forming nano-twins with different orientations. Due to the combined strengthening effect of grain refinement, dislocation, and texture orientation, (111) oriented nt-Cu foil demonstrated remarkable mechanical and frictional wear properties, whereas (220) oriented nt-Cu foil exhibited superior conductivity and corrosion resistance. These findings may offer promising prospects for the controllable design of engineering textures and nano-twin structures of high-performance nt-Cu foil by electrodeposition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 114477"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K.V. Werner , R. Gholizadeh , G.L. Wu , G. Winther , N. Tsuji , O.V. Mishin
{"title":"Recrystallization kinetics and mechanical properties of cold-rolled and annealed CoCrFeNi multi-principal element alloy","authors":"K.V. Werner , R. Gholizadeh , G.L. Wu , G. Winther , N. Tsuji , O.V. Mishin","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The microstructure and mechanical properties have been investigated in a CoCrFeNi alloy cold-rolled to 80 % thickness reduction and subsequently annealed at 600 °C. It is observed that the as-rolled microstructure comprises extended regions of different dominant crystallographic orientations along with layers of mixed orientations. Shear bands are also present in this microstructure, with the susceptibility to shear banding varying significantly from region to region. Shear bands are most pronounced in extended regions containing narrow deformation twins, and are a crucial source of recrystallization nuclei. Analysis of the recrystallization kinetics indicates that the Avrami exponent is ∼1.6 for the first 30 min at 600 °C and that it decreases during further annealing. Tensile test data provide evidence that the sample annealed for 8 min, with a recrystallized fraction (<em>f</em><sub>RX</sub>) of 13 % and an average recrystallized grain size of 0.8 μm, does not show any significant improvement in ductility compared to that in the as-rolled condition. However, the ductility is considerably improved in the sample annealed for 15 min, where <em>f</em><sub>RX</sub> is 43 % and the average recrystallized grain size is 1.1 μm. This sample demonstrates a yield strength of 850 MPa and a total elongation to failure of 25 %. The data obtained in this work and in previous publications on partially recrystallized CoCrFeNi indicate that for samples annealed after 80–85 % deformation optimized combinations of strength and ductility are obtained when the recrystallized fraction is in the range 30 % < <em>f</em><sub>RX</sub> ≤ 50 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 114475"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142656682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yekun Yuan , Jianhong Yi , Liang Liu , Rui Bao , Caiju Li , Yichun Liu , Fengxian Li , Xin Kong , Xiaofeng Chen
{"title":"Enhanced strength and ductility of boron nitride nanosheet reinforced cu composites through constructing an interfacial three-dimensional structure","authors":"Yekun Yuan , Jianhong Yi , Liang Liu , Rui Bao , Caiju Li , Yichun Liu , Fengxian Li , Xin Kong , Xiaofeng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the poor wettability and weak interface bonding between boron nitride nanosheet (BNNS) and Cu, BNNS/CuTi composites were prepared through matrix microalloying by adding 1 wt% Ti. Solid-state interfacial reactions resulted in the formation of TiN transition layers and TiB whiskers (TiBw), collectively constructed a BNNS-(TiN&TiB)-Cu interfacial three-dimensional structure (I-3DS). The coherent I-3DS significantly reduced the interfacial energy, improved the interfacial stability, and achieved a favorable combination of strength and ductility in BNNS/CuTi composites. The 0.1 wt% BNNS/CuTi composite achieved an ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 485 MPa, representing increases of 114 % and 62 % over pure Cu and 0.1 wt% BNNS/Cu composite, respectively. The interlocking structure formed by I-3DS and Cu doubled the theoretical interface shear strength limit and improved load transfer efficiency. This study offered new insights into the innovative design of high-performance Cu matrix composites (CMCs) by constructing I-3DS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 114474"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of a Zr source addition on the microstructure of Al-SiC composites elaborated by the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) process","authors":"Marie-Reine Manlay , Camille Flament , Stéphane Gossé , Mathieu Soulier , Jean-Paul Garandet","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present work focuses on the effect of the addition of a zirconium source on the microstructure of Al-SiC composites produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF). More specifically, the aim is to address the issue of the SiC decomposition into the water-soluble aluminum carbide Al<sub>4</sub>C<sub>3</sub> in Al-SiC composites produced by L-PBF, with the objective of limiting its formation by adding another element to the system. To this end, AlSi<sub>7</sub>Mg<sub>0.6</sub>-SiC-ZrO<sub>2</sub> composite powders are successfully prepared and printed in a standard L-PBF equipment. The resulting parts are then thoroughly characterized, in order to understand the physico-chemical mechanisms involved during the L-PBF process. The results show a decrease in the Al<sub>4</sub>C<sub>3</sub> amount by ZrC formation. Another important result is that bulk composites exhibit a fully equiaxed microstructure attributed to the τ<sub>1</sub> (Al,Si)<sub>3</sub>Zr ternary phase, with all the characteristics of a good nucleating agent for aluminum phase. To support these microstructure experimental results, a first version of a quaternary Al-Zr-Si-C thermodynamic database was developed using the Calphad method. These calculations enable to establish a solidification path providing information on the phases that may form after heat treatment of L-PBF materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 114472"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lixiong Shao , Xianfeng Li , Guoping Zhao , Gaoqiu Sun , Yaqi Deng , Dong Chen , Cunjuan Xia , Haowei Wang
{"title":"Experimental investigation and simulation assessment on fluidity and hot tearing susceptibility of Al-Li-Cu-X alloy: The role of microalloying elements","authors":"Lixiong Shao , Xianfeng Li , Guoping Zhao , Gaoqiu Sun , Yaqi Deng , Dong Chen , Cunjuan Xia , Haowei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114469","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114469","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The meticulous exploration of castability, especially the fluidity and hot tearing susceptibility (HTS), assumes paramount significance in the fabrication of high-quality Al-Li-Cu alloys. In this work, the effect of microalloying elements such as Ti, Mg, Si, Zr, and Sc on the fluidity and HTS of the alloys was systematically investigated, and the significant improvement in fluidity and the reduction in HTS by the addition of these microalloying elements were identified. Comparative analyses with the Al-3Li-1.5Cu alloy reveal a significant increase of up to 45 % in fluidity and a remarkable reduction of up to 83 % in HTS with the addition of these microalloying elements. To unveil the underlying mechanisms, the experimental results were compared with the predictions derived from the CSC criterion, Kou's criterion, and a numerical simulation performed using ProCAST software. The analysis reveals a discrepancy between these predictions and the experimental outcomes, highlighting their limitations in capturing the nuanced effects of minor microalloying elements on fluidity and HTS. Subsequently, a detailed exploration of other influencing factors, including microstructural features, solidification interval, and various thermophysical parameters, was conducted, illuminating the corresponding mechanisms. These findings are expected to provide valuable insights into the fluidity and HTS of Al-Li-Cu-X alloys, thereby contributing to the application and advancement of cast Al-Li alloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 114469"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ala Manohar , Thirukachhi Suvarna , S.V. Prabhakar Vattikuti , Hemanth P.K. Sudhani , Panchanathan Manivasagan , Eue-Soon Jang , Shoyebmohamad F. Shaikh , Ashok Kumar , Kuldeep Sharma , Naresh Mameda , Ki Hyeon Kim
{"title":"Comprehensive study of CeO2/CuFe2O4 nanocomposites: Structural, EPR, magnetic, electrochemical, and cytotoxicity properties","authors":"Ala Manohar , Thirukachhi Suvarna , S.V. Prabhakar Vattikuti , Hemanth P.K. Sudhani , Panchanathan Manivasagan , Eue-Soon Jang , Shoyebmohamad F. Shaikh , Ashok Kumar , Kuldeep Sharma , Naresh Mameda , Ki Hyeon Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114471","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114471","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study dives into the successful synthesis of CeO<sub>2</sub>/CuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocomposites using the auto-combustion approach and elucidates their characteristics. The electrochemical analysis of samples calcination produced at 700 °C (CeO<sub>2</sub>/CuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) revealed good results, with a specific capacitance (Cs) of 123 F/g at a current density (CD) of 0.25 A g<sup>−1</sup> in a 1 M KOH solution. Significantly, these findings emphasize the established technique's potential for producing new, highly active, flexible, and environmentally friendly substrate materials appropriate for a variety of applications in supercapacitors. CeO<sub>2</sub>/CuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocomposites may be useful in biological and medicinal research. Despite their extensive use, little study has been conducted to investigate their possible impact on cell viability, in normal cell lines. The positive benefits of the CeO<sub>2</sub>/CuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocomposite structure were assessed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). To assess the impact of these nanocomposites, MTT cytotoxicity tests were performed on normal (mouse muscle fibroblast - BLO-11) cell lines. The results show that CeO<sub>2</sub>/CuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanocomposites have a high potential for biomedical applications, as they had no harmful effects on the cell types evaluated. As a result, the structure of the material appears to be crucial in determining both electrochemical performance and cell longevity. This discovery is significant because it provides useful insights into the morphological engineering of electrodes for a variety of applications and influences future material development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 114471"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chongwen Yang , Xinli Jiang , Wenqian Zhang , Xuelin Wang
{"title":"Effect of surface nanocrystallization induced by mechanical grinding treatment on stress corrosion cracking behavior of 316 L austenitic stainless steel in boiling MgCl2 solution","authors":"Chongwen Yang , Xinli Jiang , Wenqian Zhang , Xuelin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effect of surface nanocrystallization prepared by surface mechanical grinding treatment (SMGT) on stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of 316 L austenitic stainless steel was studied in boiling MgCl<sub>2</sub> solutions at 155 °C and 130 °C, respectively. The refined-grain structures of different morphologies produced by three different SMGT penetration depths were employed to assess how different microstructures and corrosive environments affected the SCC behavior of nanocrystallized surfaces. Results showed that in the 155 °C boiling MgCl<sub>2</sub> solution, the refinement of grains resulted in an increase in the critical stress for SCC initiation and progressively enhanced the ability to inhibit crack propagation with the SMGT penetration depth increasing from 20 μm to 60 μm. In the 130 °C MgCl<sub>2</sub> solution, the grain refinement still contributed to resisting crack propagation, but the threshold stress for SCC initiation on the surface with the deepest SMGT penetration depth of 60 μm was lower than that in the 155 °C MgCl<sub>2</sub> solution. This behavior was attributed to the significant martensitic phase transformation formed in SMGT with penetration depth of 60 μm, resulting in the mechanism of SCC transforming from anodic dissolution in MgCl<sub>2</sub> solution at 155 °C to hydrogen embrittlement at 130 °C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 114458"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wentao Li , Tairui Zhang , Xiaochao Liu , Minghang Cheng , Xianjun Pei , Xincheng Wang , Ping Zhang , Wenwen Sun , Yong Wu , Zhikang Shen , Xin Ma , Zhonghua Ni
{"title":"Lap joining of Ti6Al4V titanium alloy by vortex flow-based friction stir welding","authors":"Wentao Li , Tairui Zhang , Xiaochao Liu , Minghang Cheng , Xianjun Pei , Xincheng Wang , Ping Zhang , Wenwen Sun , Yong Wu , Zhikang Shen , Xin Ma , Zhonghua Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matchar.2024.114462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current study uses a novel vortex flow-based friction stir lap welding (VFSLW) process to weld 1.4 mm thick Ti6Al4V sheets, trying to replace the diffusion bonding in the superplastic forming/diffusion bonding process. The mechanical properties and joining mechanism of the VFSLW joint were investigated. Good weld formation was obtained at 300–350 rpm and 80 mm/min. No hook defect was formed in the lap interface. The lap joint fractured across the stir zone (SZ) in the top plate under the optimal parameters. The cracks initiated from the oxidation defect, where the oxides on the workpiece surface were involved in the SZ by the vortex during the welding. It suggests that a good argon shield is very important for the VFSLW of titanium alloy. The highest tensile strength reaches ∼890 MPa, up to 95 % of the base material. The formation of an α + β lamellar structure in the SZ is due to the peak welding temperature exceeding the β-transus temperature. In the bonded zone (BZ), a very thin layer with ultrafine α grains was formed by dynamic recrystallization in the α phase field, although its two sides are α + β lamellar structures. This is because of the oxidation on the workpiece surface during the welding process and the O element is a strong α stabilizer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"218 ","pages":"Article 114462"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142526497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}