Yunjun Fei , Mingye Dong , Quan Li , Yue Zhao , Fude Wang , Chen Chen , Aiping Wu
{"title":"定向能电弧沉积2219铝合金的偏析行为及组织演变","authors":"Yunjun Fei , Mingye Dong , Quan Li , Yue Zhao , Fude Wang , Chen Chen , Aiping Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115267","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Segregation affects the solute content within the grains, as well as the content and distribution of the secondary phases at grain boundaries, leading to structural and property inhomogeneity. It also influences the microstructure evolution during the remelting and post-heating in directed energy deposition-arc (DED-Arc), ultimately impacting product performance in both as-built and heat-treated states. In this study, a 2219 aluminum alloy wall was fabricated using DED-Arc. Numerical simulation was employed to calculate the temperature field of the additive manufacturing process and solidification parameters. The segregation behavior and microstructure characteristics were analyzed. Both macrosegregation and microsegregation were observed in the as-built wall. Within a single layer, the Cu content is higher at the top where the metal solidifies last, than at the bottom where it solidifies first. The microsegregation is more severe in the first few layers due to the higher cooling rate. As the DED-Arc process progresses, eutectics enriched in the interlayer form a reticular network due to remelting, while a finer grain size is achieved through Cu enrichment and Al<sub>3</sub>Zr nucleants. As the layer-by-layer deposition process continues, the as-built wall alternates between coarse-grained unmelted intralayers, coarse-grained partially remelted intralayers with network-distributed eutectics, fine-grained remelted interlayers with network-distributed eutectics and fine-grained newly deposited interlayers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18727,"journal":{"name":"Materials Characterization","volume":"227 ","pages":"Article 115267"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Segregation behavior and microstructure evolution of 2219 aluminum alloy by directed energy deposition-arc\",\"authors\":\"Yunjun Fei , Mingye Dong , Quan Li , Yue Zhao , Fude Wang , Chen Chen , Aiping Wu\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.matchar.2025.115267\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>Segregation affects the solute content within the grains, as well as the content and distribution of the secondary phases at grain boundaries, leading to structural and property inhomogeneity. It also influences the microstructure evolution during the remelting and post-heating in directed energy deposition-arc (DED-Arc), ultimately impacting product performance in both as-built and heat-treated states. In this study, a 2219 aluminum alloy wall was fabricated using DED-Arc. Numerical simulation was employed to calculate the temperature field of the additive manufacturing process and solidification parameters. The segregation behavior and microstructure characteristics were analyzed. Both macrosegregation and microsegregation were observed in the as-built wall. Within a single layer, the Cu content is higher at the top where the metal solidifies last, than at the bottom where it solidifies first. The microsegregation is more severe in the first few layers due to the higher cooling rate. As the DED-Arc process progresses, eutectics enriched in the interlayer form a reticular network due to remelting, while a finer grain size is achieved through Cu enrichment and Al<sub>3</sub>Zr nucleants. As the layer-by-layer deposition process continues, the as-built wall alternates between coarse-grained unmelted intralayers, coarse-grained partially remelted intralayers with network-distributed eutectics, fine-grained remelted interlayers with network-distributed eutectics and fine-grained newly deposited interlayers.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":18727,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Materials Characterization\",\"volume\":\"227 \",\"pages\":\"Article 115267\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.8000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-06-09\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Materials Characterization\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"88\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S104458032500556X\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"材料科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Materials Characterization","FirstCategoryId":"88","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S104458032500556X","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"MATERIALS SCIENCE, CHARACTERIZATION & TESTING","Score":null,"Total":0}
Segregation behavior and microstructure evolution of 2219 aluminum alloy by directed energy deposition-arc
Segregation affects the solute content within the grains, as well as the content and distribution of the secondary phases at grain boundaries, leading to structural and property inhomogeneity. It also influences the microstructure evolution during the remelting and post-heating in directed energy deposition-arc (DED-Arc), ultimately impacting product performance in both as-built and heat-treated states. In this study, a 2219 aluminum alloy wall was fabricated using DED-Arc. Numerical simulation was employed to calculate the temperature field of the additive manufacturing process and solidification parameters. The segregation behavior and microstructure characteristics were analyzed. Both macrosegregation and microsegregation were observed in the as-built wall. Within a single layer, the Cu content is higher at the top where the metal solidifies last, than at the bottom where it solidifies first. The microsegregation is more severe in the first few layers due to the higher cooling rate. As the DED-Arc process progresses, eutectics enriched in the interlayer form a reticular network due to remelting, while a finer grain size is achieved through Cu enrichment and Al3Zr nucleants. As the layer-by-layer deposition process continues, the as-built wall alternates between coarse-grained unmelted intralayers, coarse-grained partially remelted intralayers with network-distributed eutectics, fine-grained remelted interlayers with network-distributed eutectics and fine-grained newly deposited interlayers.
期刊介绍:
Materials Characterization features original articles and state-of-the-art reviews on theoretical and practical aspects of the structure and behaviour of materials.
The Journal focuses on all characterization techniques, including all forms of microscopy (light, electron, acoustic, etc.,) and analysis (especially microanalysis and surface analytical techniques). Developments in both this wide range of techniques and their application to the quantification of the microstructure of materials are essential facets of the Journal.
The Journal provides the Materials Scientist/Engineer with up-to-date information on many types of materials with an underlying theme of explaining the behavior of materials using novel approaches. Materials covered by the journal include:
Metals & Alloys
Ceramics
Nanomaterials
Biomedical materials
Optical materials
Composites
Natural Materials.