Microbial drug resistance最新文献

{"title":"Whole Genome Features and Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance Determinants in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Strain CYZ.","authors":"Wenting Zhao, Junhua Feng, Yan Wu, Wenxi Ding, Lixin Xie, Lujuan Han, Changle Wang","doi":"10.1177/10766294251388935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10766294251388935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is an opportunistic pathogen that exhibits a strong resistance ability to antibiotics. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The complete genome of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> CYZ was sequenced using a PacBio RS II system. The functions of all the predicted genes and proteins were classified and annotated using the Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins, Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases. Furthermore, the antimicrobial resistance genes were also analyzed via the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database, and several types of antibiotics were selected to test the antimicrobial susceptibility. Phylogenetic relationships were investigated using the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 228 clinically isolated <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strains. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The genome size of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> CYZ is 6,382,603 bp and contains 5,807 protein-coding genes, with an average G + C content of 66.44%. Functional genomic analysis via the annotations of the databases identified a total of 499 antimicrobial resistance genes. <i>P. aeruginosa</i> CYZ showed resistance to 14 types of antibiotics. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that <i>P. aeruginosa</i> CYZ was closely related to <i>P. aeruginosa</i> PAO1. The <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strains exhibited no geographical specificity, and the variation in core genome SNPs was nonrandomly distributed. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our findings give valuable insight into the genetic antimicrobial-resistant features of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> as well as provide a genetic basis for the further study of the phenotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":18701,"journal":{"name":"Microbial drug resistance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145355432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Detection of Fluoroquinolone- and Macrolide-Resistant <i>Campylobacter jejuni/Campylobacter coli</i> in Retail Chicken Meat Using Multiplex-PCR.","authors":"Akira Fukuda, Ayu Matsui, Yuma Furuya, Yasuhiko Suzuki, Yutaka Tamura, Chie Nakajima, Masaru Usui","doi":"10.1177/10766294251389592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10766294251389592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Campylobacter</i> contamination in chicken meat, particularly with fluoroquinolone- and macrolide-resistant strains, is a significant public health concern. Therefore, developing an easy and rapid detection method for fluoroquinolone- and macrolide-resistant <i>Campylobacter</i> will improve food safety. In this study, we designed and evaluated a multiplex-Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method for the simultaneous detection of fluoroquinolone- and macrolide-resistant <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> and <i>Campylobacter coli</i> in chicken meat. Our multiplex-PCR-targeted mutations in the <i>gyrA</i> and <i>rrl</i> genes of <i>Campylobacter</i> species confer resistance to fluoroquinolones and macrolides, respectively. Overall, this method could detect <i>Campylobacter</i> contamination and identify <i>C. jejuni</i> and <i>C. coli</i> as well as their susceptibility to fluoroquinolone and macrolide. Spiking of chicken meat samples revealed that multiplex-PCR can detect at least 0.72 Colony-Forming Unit (CFU)/g <i>C. jejuni</i>/<i>coli</i>. Among 277 retail chicken meat samples, <i>C. jejuni</i>/<i>coli</i> were detected in 54 samples using multiplex-PCR, with isolation from 52 samples using microbial culture. The susceptibility of the isolates to fluoroquinolones and macrolides was determined using both the PCR and culture methods, and a comparison of these methods showed that the accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity were all above 95%. The culture method required approximately 8 days for <i>Campylobacter</i> isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Multiplex-PCR could determine the contamination with <i>C. jejuni</i>/<i>coli</i> and susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and macrolides within 2-3 days from the enrichment culture to final determination. These results indicate that the proposed multiplex-PCR enables rapid and simultaneous detection of fluoroquinolone- and macrolide-resistant <i>C. jejuni</i>/<i>coli</i> in chicken meat and its utility for monitoring their contamination in food.</p>","PeriodicalId":18701,"journal":{"name":"Microbial drug resistance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145337352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance Patterns and Optimization of Empirical Therapy for Urinary Tract Infections in Patients on Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Prophylaxis Against <i>Pneumocystis jirovecii</i>.","authors":"Kyohei Sugiyama, Keita Hirai, Madoka Kibe, Nanaho Fukumoto, Yukako Suyama, Kento Furuya, Kenta Ito, Kazuko Sakurai, Kunihiko Itoh","doi":"10.1177/10766294251388934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10766294251388934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Background:</i></b> Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SXT) is widely used for <i>Pneumocystis</i> pneumonia prophylaxis. However, prolonged use may induce antimicrobial resistance, potentially compromising empirical therapy for urinary tract infections (UTIs). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We retrospectively analyzed 3,525 patients with positive urine cultures at Shizuoka General Hospital (2018-2023). Among them, 149 received SXT prophylaxis. Antimicrobial susceptibility and the relationship between prophylaxis duration and resistance were evaluated. <b><i>Results:</i></b> <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> were the most common pathogens. In the SXT prophylaxis group, <i>E. coli</i> susceptibility to SXT was significantly reduced (21.2% vs. 87.4%). Susceptibility to other antibiotics also declined, including ampicillin (31.2% vs. 71.6%), piperacillin (32.5% vs. 74.8%), levofloxacin (57.5% vs. 74.7%), and ciprofloxacin (56.2% vs. 74.1%). Susceptibility to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins, including second-, third-, and fourth-generation agents remained preserved. Receiver operating characteristic analysis identified a prophylaxis duration >406 days as predictive of SXT resistance (area under the curve 0.82, sensitivity 94%, and specificity 60%). Short-term prophylaxis (≤30 days) mitigated resistance, although <i>E. coli</i> susceptibility to SXT was still limited (47.8%). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Prophylactic SXT use markedly reduces susceptibility to multiple antibiotics, especially penicillins and fluoroquinolones. Resistance correlates with prophylaxis duration. For empirical UTI therapy, intravenous expanded-spectrum cephalosporins may be preferable.</p>","PeriodicalId":18701,"journal":{"name":"Microbial drug resistance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145308547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Resistance in Uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i>: A Molecular Characterization and Antibiogram Study.","authors":"Saman, Abu Baker Siddique, Bilal Aslam, Zeeshan Nawaz","doi":"10.1177/10766294251389587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10766294251389587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biofilm formation is a key virulence factor in urinary tract infections, and <i>Escherichia coli (E. coli)</i> serves as a prominent causative agent, more resistant to antimicrobial agents. This study focused on isolation and phenotypic and genotypic characterization of <i>E. coli</i> from urine samples on the basis of their biofilm-forming capacity. In the present study, a total of 804 human urine samples were collected from different clinical facilities of Faisalabad. After phenotypic and genotypic affirmation, biofilm forming potential of uropathogenic <i>E. coli</i> (UPEC) was determined by using microtiter plate assay (MPA) and the Congo red agar method. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted, and a comparison was executed between biofilm formers and non-formers. Biofilm production by the MPA and Congo red agar methods was 88% and 68%, respectively. UPEC isolates showed maximum resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanate (97%), cefoparazone (93%), cefotaxime (91%), and ampicillin (90%). Significant association between resistance to antibiotic and biofilm formation with <i>p</i> value <0.05 was observed in case of piperacillin-tazobactam, imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, norfloxacin, nitrofurantoin, polymyxin B, and nalidixic acid. Biofilm producer strains were progressed for molecular characterization using polymerase chain reaction for biofilm-forming genes including <i>fim</i>H, <i>csg</i>A, <i>bcs</i>A, <i>agn</i>43, <i>pap</i>C, and <i>foc</i>G, which showed prevalence of 89% (118/132), 87% (116/132), 86% (114/132), 81% (107/132), 47% (61/132), and 33% (43/132), respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":18701,"journal":{"name":"Microbial drug resistance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145308634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drug Resistance Analysis and Prediction Model Construction of Carbapenem-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>.","authors":"Chunjing Jin, Tiantian Xu, Qiang Xie","doi":"10.1177/10766294251386344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10766294251386344","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study analyzed the antimicrobial resistance profiles and risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) in a tertiary hospital and developed a predictive model for infection control. Among 64 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates collected in 2024 from the First People's Hospital of Chuzhou, CRAB accounted for 40.63% (26/64), with sputum being the most common specimen source (85.94%) and the highest isolation rate observed in respiratory wards. CRAB exhibited significantly higher resistance to most antibiotics compared to carbapenem-sensitive strains (CSAB), except for polymyxin and tigecycline (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified ≥3 underlying diseases, prior use of compound antibiotics, and tracheal intubation/incision as independent risk factors for CRAB infection. A nomogram prediction model constructed with R software demonstrated high predictive accuracy (C-index: 0.985). The findings highlight a concerning prevalence and multidrug resistance of CRAB in this setting, underscoring the need to enhance monitoring, early risk factor identification, and targeted interventions to reduce transmission and optimize antimicrobial stewardship.</p>","PeriodicalId":18701,"journal":{"name":"Microbial drug resistance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145251625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of ESBL Phenotypes and Antimicrobial Resistance in <i>Escherichia coli</i> Associated with Urinary Tract Infections and in Commensal Strains.","authors":"Denyss Guilcazo, Lazaro López, Diana Calderón, Katherine Vasquez, Cristina Chávez, Lance B Price, Jay P Graham, Joseph Eisenberg, Gabriel Trueba","doi":"10.1177/10766294251386346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10766294251386346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Escherichia coli</i> is a genetically versatile organism capable of thriving in diverse environments, acting as a commensal in the intestine or as a pathogen in the urinary tract. <i>E. coli</i> causing urinary tract infections has acquired genes that enable it to colonize the urinary tract, survive immune response, and resist antimicrobials. In this study, we investigated the association between the ESBL (Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase) phenotype and other antimicrobial resistances in <i>E. coli</i> associated with urinary tract infections (UTI-<i>E. coli</i>; <i>n</i> = 1,139) and compared them with commensal <i>E. coli</i> strains (<i>n</i> = 405) isolated from human fecal samples in the same communities and during the same period. Among UTI-<i>E. coli</i> strains, 16.9% were ESBL producers compared to 7.6% in commensal strains, and resistance to other antimicrobials was also significantly higher in UTI-<i>E. coli</i>. These results suggest that many UTI-<i>E. coli</i> and commensal <i>E. coli</i> lineages have been subjected to distinct antimicrobial pressures over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":18701,"journal":{"name":"Microbial drug resistance","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145244573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Relationship Between Mutations in <i>gyrA</i> and <i>parC</i> Genes and Resistance to Fluoroquinolones in Uropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolates.","authors":"Erfan Ghaffari Lashkenari, Maryam Sadat Mir, Mohsen Mohammadi, Kasra Javadi, Mehrdad Halaji","doi":"10.1177/10766294251377378","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10766294251377378","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Fluoroquinolone resistance in <i>Escherichia coli</i>, particularly uropathogenic <i>E. coli</i> (UPEC), is a growing concern worldwide. This study investigates the association between mutations in the <i>gyrA</i> and <i>parC</i> genes and fluoroquinolone resistance in UPEC isolates from Urine samples in Iran. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> In total, 150 UPEC isolates were collected, and then, 12 ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates were selected for molecular analysis. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ciprofloxacin were determined by microbroth dilution. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing were used to detect mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of <i>gyrA</i> and <i>parC</i>. <b><i>Results:</i></b> All isolates had MIC >4 and were resistant to all four fluoroquinolones and quinolones tested, including ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, and nalidixic acid. All isolates harbored mutations in both genes. The most frequent mutations in <i>gyrA</i> were Ser-83→Leu and Asp-87→Asn, found in 100% of isolates. Similarly, mutations in <i>parC</i>, including Ser-80→Ile (83.3%) and Glu-84→Val (58.3%), were prevalent. Additional nucleotide substitutions in both genes were observed. These mutations likely contribute to the high-level fluoroquinolone resistance observed in the isolates. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The results of this study confirm that mutations in the <i>gyrA</i> and <i>parC</i> genes primarily drive fluoroquinolone resistance in UPEC isolates. The presence of specific alterations within the QRDRs significantly reduces bacterial susceptibility to fluoroquinolones, contributing to the persistence and spread of resistant strains. Identifying these mutations provides critical insights into resistance mechanisms, which can aid in developing more effective antimicrobial therapy strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18701,"journal":{"name":"Microbial drug resistance","volume":" ","pages":"317-322"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145033746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of the Multidrug-Resistant <i>Aeromonas caviae</i> Strain AC1520 Isolated from a Patient with Urinary Tract Infection.","authors":"Tao Xie, Junyong Chen, Shuangshuang Wang, Qinghuan Zhang, Weiling Xia, Shiya Su, Xuehua Lin, Fengqiu Yang, Jian Deng, Xiaobin Li, Wen Su, Wenjun Ni","doi":"10.1177/10766294251374533","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10766294251374533","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose:</i></b> The Gram-negative bacterium <i>Aeromonas caviae</i> is an important opportunistic facultative anaerobic pathogen. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the whole-genome sequence of the multidrug-resistant (MDR) <i>A. caviae</i> strain AC1520, detailing its acquired antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their genetic elements. <b><i>Patients and Methods:</i></b> The <i>A. caviae</i> strain AC1520 was isolated from a urine sample taken from a patient with urinary tract infection. Whole-genome sequencing was performed following strain identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Overall, we identified ARGs, integrons, insertion sequences (IS), and transposons acquired by strain AC1520, systematically analyzing the genetic elements associated with these ARGs. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The <i>A. caviae</i> strain AC1520 contained a circular chromosome and a plasmid. Multilocus sequence typing revealed that this strain belonged to ST-1056. All ARGs within this strain were distributed on the circular chromosome. We identified two MDR regions: (1) IS common region 1 (IS<i>CR1</i>) and class 1 integron (Int<i>I1</i>) elements associated with <i>aadA16</i>, <i>aac(6')-Ib-cr</i>, <i>catB3</i>, <i>qacE</i> (two copies), <i>sul1</i> (two copies), and <i>bla_PER-3</i>; one gene cluster structure (IS<i>6100</i>-<i>mphR(A)</i>-<i>mph(A)</i>-<i>mrx(A)</i>-IS<i>26</i>); (2) Two Int<i>I1</i> elements, linked to <i>ant(2'')-Ia</i>, <i>bla_OXA-10</i>, <i>aadA2b</i>, <i>aph(3'')-Ib</i>, <i>aph(6)-Id</i>, <i>ARR-2, aac(6')-Ib3, dfrA1, qacE,</i> and <i>sul1</i>. Notably, these two MDR regions were not only present in <i>A. caviae</i> but also in other bacteria, such as <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i>, <i>Aeromonas media</i>, and <i>Edwardsiella tarda</i>. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The <i>A. caviae</i> strain AC1520 with two separate MDR regions and 20 ARGs, conferring resistance to aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, phenicol, sulfonamide, beta-lactam, macrolide, rifampicin, and trimethoprim, was identified in a hospital in China. Mobile genetic elements including Tn<i>As1</i>, IS<i>CR1</i>, IS<i>As25</i>, IS<i>6100</i>, IS<i>26</i>, Tn<i>As3</i>, IS<i>As1</i>, and Tn<i>3</i>, were found within the MDR region, which could play important roles in the global dissemination of these resistance genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18701,"journal":{"name":"Microbial drug resistance","volume":" ","pages":"309-316"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144961560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacokinetics and Penetration of a Novel Pharmacodynamically Optimized, Carbapenem-Sparing Antibiotic, WCK 4282 (Cefepime/Tazobactam), into Epithelial Lining Fluid of Healthy, Lung-, and Thigh-Infected Neutropenic Mice.","authors":"Rajesh Chavan, Vineet Zope, Kiran Patil, Swapna Takalkar, Pavan Tayde, Kushal Umarkar, Ravindra Yeole, Sachin Bhagwat","doi":"10.1177/10766294251378228","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10766294251378228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Objectives:</i></b> Cefepime (FEP), a fourth-generation cephalosporin combined with tazobactam (TAZ), a β-lactamase inhibitor, is being developed by Wockhardt as a pharmacodynamically optimized fixed dose combination (FEP-2 g + TAZ-2 g) for the treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections. To undertake an exposure-response analysis for establishing pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) targets, it is crucial to characterize the PK profile of compounds in surrogate compartments, such as plasma and lung, in clinically relevant animal infection models used to evaluate <i>in vivo</i> efficacy. In the current study, PKs of FEP and TAZ were assessed in plasma and in epithelial lining fluid (ELF) of neutropenic noninfected, lung-infected, and thigh-infected mice. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Neutropenic mice were infected by intranasal or intramuscular administration of 10⁶-10⁷ colony-forming units per milliliter of <i>Escherichia coli</i> to develop infection in lung or thigh. Post 2 hours of infection, single doses of WCK 4282 at 25 + 25, 50 + 50, and 100 + 100 mg/kg were subcutaneously administered. Plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were collected up to 8 hours post-administration of doses. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The PK of FEP and TAZ in plasma/ELF in healthy and infected mice did not differ significantly. The plasma PK profiles of FEP and TAZ were linear and dose proportional with modest ELF penetrations in the neutropenic infected mice. The ELF exposures of FEP and TAZ were slightly lower in thigh-infected mice and higher in lung-infected mice when compared with healthy mice. Irrespective of health condition, the mean ELF/plasma area under the curve penetration ratio for FEP and TAZ was similar and comparable (0.42-0.43). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The estimates of FEP and TAZ PK parameters estimated in the current study would help in PK-PD studies for the selection of doses for upcoming <i>in vivo</i> efficacy studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18701,"journal":{"name":"Microbial drug resistance","volume":" ","pages":"338-344"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145033779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overcoming Multi-Drug-Resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> Infections.","authors":"Nastaran Javan, Reza Ghotaslou, Hossein Samadi Kafil, Mohammad Yousef Memar, Javid Sadeghi, Pardis Ghotaslou","doi":"10.1177/10766294251375937","DOIUrl":"10.1177/10766294251375937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most important concerns in the world, occurring for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (<i>K. pneumoniae</i>) is a Gram-negative bacterium belonging to the family of Enterobacteriaceae and also plays an important role in development of nosocomial infections. Three forms have emerged as a result of AMR including multi-drug resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant, and pan-drug-resistant. Nowadays, physicians cannot save most of the patients that suffer from MDR <i>K. pneumoniae</i> infections by typical antibiotics, so they should try other useful alternative treatments. Our aim in this review study was to search about the latest useful alternative methods against MDR <i>K. pneumoniae</i> infections. We collected some articles from PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar by the keywords of multi-drug-resistant <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, AMR, and alternative treatments, where finally 183 articles were selected. Also, inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria were identified separately. It was understood that there are novel therapeutic options against MDR <i>K. pneumoniae</i> infections, which include odilorhabdins, drug delivery systems, antibody drug conjugation treatments, nano-antibiotics, bacteriocins, probiotics, fecal transplant therapy, predatory bacteria, combined antibiotics, double-carbapenem therapy, synthetic lipopeptides, and phage therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18701,"journal":{"name":"Microbial drug resistance","volume":" ","pages":"323-337"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145015806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}