Microscopy Research and Technique最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Florivory on the Anatomy, Histochemistry and Resource Production of Flowers of Senna aversiflora (Herb.) H.S. Irwin and Barneby.","authors":"Edinalva Alves Vital Dos Santos, Emília de Arruda, Ana Virgínia Leite, Natan Messias Almeida","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24779","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Florivory directly affects floral structures, especially petals and anthers. The physical damage to these whorls can alter the characteristics of the flowers, compromise their functions, and consequently impact fertility and reduce the reproductive success of the species. We provide the floral anatomical description of Senna aversiflora (Herb.) H.S. Irwin and Barneby. We measured various anatomical traits of petals and quantified the levels of chemical compounds and the pollen produced by intact and damaged flowers in order to identify characters associated with the plant-florivore interaction. We found that the epidermis (adaxial and abaxial surfaces) and mesophyll of the petals of healthy flowers were thicker when compared to damaged flowers. We infer that the smaller thickness of traits associated with the absence of characters with deterrent effect on herbivores and greater production of attractive/nutritive chemical compounds in relation to defense compounds contribute to making the species highly susceptible to florivory. Pollen production in damaged flowers did not differ between the different stages of floral development. However, florivory has a negative effect on the amount of pollen produced. Damaged flowers had less pollen than healthy flowers. We conclude that florivory in S. aversiflora exerts significant pressure on petal anatomy and resource production by flowers.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Approach for Calculating Texture Coefficients of Different Rocks With Image Segmentation and Image Processing Techniques.","authors":"Emre Karakaya, Bilgehan Kekeç, Niyazi Bilim, Fatih V Adigözel","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The texture coefficient (TC) is a critical parameter used to analyze the microstructural characteristics of rocks and predict their mechanical behavior. In recent years, various computational programs and software have been employed to estimate the TC values of rocks. However, existing methods remain insufficient and time-consuming for accurately determining rock TCs. In this study, thin-section images of 20 different igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks were acquired and segmented to calculate TC values using a novel approach. The computation process was implemented using Python-based software that integrates segmentation and image processing techniques to determine TC values. The thin-section images were segmented utilizing a deep learning-based image processing technique, and a Python-based algorithm was developed for TC calculations. The proposed method offers a unique approach to TC estimation in rocks, achieving a high segmentation accuracy (IoU = 0.97). Furthermore, with this method, the TC value of any given rock can be computed in approximately 1 min.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144151134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual-Channel Coupling Approach Enhancing Multi-Stain Pathology Image Matching for Enhancing Cancer Diagnostics.","authors":"Xiaoxiao Li, Xiao Ma, Mengping Long, Yiqiang Liu, Jianghua Wu, Yu Xu, Jinxuan Hou, Sheng Liu, Du Wang, Taobo Hu, Liye Mei, Cheng Lei","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24878","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medical image matching is crucial for assisting pathological diagnosis, as it aligns gold standard hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) stained pathology images, enabling a comprehensive assessment for identifying cancerous regions. However, manual annotation of multi-stain pathology images incurs high labor costs. To address this challenge, we propose the deep dual-channel coupling (DDC) method for multi-stain pathology image matching. DDC utilizes virtual staining to establish two matching channels, bridging H&E-stained and IHC-stained pathology images while effectively mitigating staining variations. Subsequently, each channel undergoes guided matching using deep descriptor representations of multi-stain pathology images. Finally, a coupling strategy integrates the matching results from both channels, leveraging information from different channels to enhance accuracy and success rates. Experiment results demonstrate that DDC achieves a 93.81% success rate, surpassing the comparison method in estimating the gold standard based on 210 manual annotations. Compared to manual annotation errors, DDC improves accuracy by 45.24%, bringing it closer to the level of clinical manual annotation. Although DDC cannot replace pathologists in fully automated cancer classification, it serves as a limited aid for comprehensive assessments, demonstrating outstanding reliability in distinguishing malignant Hodgkin lymphoma and diagnosing ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. Therefore, DDC holds significant potential in matching pathology images and supporting clinical pathological diagnostic applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan Nanoparticles: A Dual Approach for Mollusk and Infection Control in Biomphalaria alexandrina Snails.","authors":"Hebat-Allah A Dokmak, Marwa A Ramadan, Amna H Faid, Olfat A Hammam, Samah I Ghoname","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs), derived from crab shells, are eco-friendly and effective molluscicides. Their enhanced bioactivity makes them ideal for controlling disease-carrying mollusks, including freshwater snails that transmit Schistosomiasis. This study evaluates the molluscicidal effects of chitosan nanoparticles on Biomphalaria alexandrina snails, including those infected with Schistosoma mansoni, to assess their potential in schistosomiasis control. Chitosan nanoparticles were synthesized by dissolving 0.6% chitosan in 1% acetic acid, adjusting the pH to 4.7, and adding 0.3% TPP under stirring. Sublethal doses (LC₁₀: 49.78 ppm, LC₂₅: 59.02 ppm) were tested on Biomphalaria alexandrina to evaluate toxicity to B. alexandrina snails, effects on laying eggs and their survival rate, hormonal changes, and histological effects in Schistosoma mansoni-infected snails. Flow cytometry assessed Annexin-V levels, survival, infection rate, lifespan, and cercarial production. Sublethal doses (LC₁₀ and LC₂₅) of chitosan nanoparticles significantly reduced snail fecundity and reproductive rates. Hormone levels (progesterone, 17-β estradiol, estrogen, and testosterone) declined notably after treatment. Histological analysis revealed extensive cellular damage, vacuolation, and degeneration, particularly in the head-foot region at 3 and 21 days post-infection with S. mansoni. The percentage of apoptotic cells increased, with a notable rise in late apoptosis and necrosis in infected snails treated with LC₂₅ ppm. Exposure to chitosan nanoparticles also led to reduced Schistosoma mansoni infection rates and cercarial production at 3 and 21 days post-infection with S. mansoni. This study confirms the potent molluscicidal effects of chitosan nanoparticles on Biomphalaria alexandrina, reducing reproduction, hormonal levels, and infection rates while inducing apoptosis and histological damage. CNPs show promise as an eco-friendly tool for schistosomiasis control.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144001881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Various Irrigants on Mixed Biofilms in Dentinal Tubules: A Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Study.","authors":"Dide Tekinarslan, Kürşat Er, Mine Eğin, Tuba Dinçer, Ali Osman Kiliç","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the bacterial disinfection efficacy of three different irrigation solutions and their combined usage in dentin tubules contaminated with mixed biofilms. A total of 60 single-rooted mandibular premolars were prepared with ProTaper Next X4, sterilized, and then inoculated with mixed biofilm for 7 days. After biofilm formation, the teeth were randomly divided into six groups (n = 10) based on the irrigation solution used: Group 1: sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Group 2: chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), Group 3: polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), Group 4: NaOCl + CHX, Group 5: NaOCl + PHMB, Group 6: distilled water (control group). The teeth were sectioned at the coronal, middle, and apical thirds and stained with LIVE/DEAD BackLight and examined under a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) to determine the depth of dead bacterial penetration into the dentinal tubules. Additionally, one tooth from each group was subjected to bacterial viable counting before and after irrigation. The CLSM analysis revealed that the greatest penetration of dead bacteria occurred in the coronal third, followed by the apical and middle third (p < 0.05). Combined solutions demonstrated significantly higher disinfection efficacy compared with PHMB alone (p < 0.001). Viable count analysis revealed that Group 4 and Group 5 exhibited the greatest reduction in bacterial proliferation, respectively. The combined use of solutions was found to be more effective than the sole use of solutions. Therefore, it is recommended to combine irrigation solutions during final irrigation in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143970976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Adhesive Strength and Degree of Conversion of Remineralizing Hydroxyapatite, Amorphous Calcium Phosphate, and Cerium Oxide Fillers in Experimental Adhesive: A SEM and EDX Analysis.","authors":"Fayez Hussain Niazi, Sarah AbdulRahman AlTowayan, Bilal Arjumand, Shahad Suliman Alkhuwaiter, Roqayah Ibrahim Aljuailan, Ahmad Sulaiman Albahoth, Syed Zubairuddin Ahmed, Hend Mohamed Elsayed, Norhayati Luddin","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24875","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Remineralizing fillers Amorphous-calcium-phosphate nanoparticles (ACP-NPs), hydroxyapatite (HA-NPs), and cerium dioxide (CeO_2-NPs) on the micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS) and degree of conversion (DC) of the experimental adhesive (EA) to caries-affected dentin (CAD). Forty molars with carious lesions on the occlusal surface extending to the middle third of the dentin were included. The characterization of ACP-NPs, HA-NPs, and CeO₂-NPs was performed using SEM and EDX. CAD samples were arbitrarily assigned to four groups based on the application of remineralizing fillers infused into EA. Group 1, Unmodified EA; Group 2, 5% ACP-NPs in EA; Group 3, 5% HA-NPs in EA; and Group 4, 5% CeO₂-NPs in EA. The composite buildup on the CAD surface was followed by artificial aging. μTBS measurements were evaluated using UTM. The DC of the modified EA was assessed using FTIR spectroscopy. One-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were used to analyze μTBS and DC. CeO₂-NPs + EA displayed the highest bond integrity scores. The unmodified EA samples exhibited the lowest μTBS values. ACP-NPs + EA and the unmodified adhesive demonstrated comparable bond strength (p > 0.05). DC of samples in Group 2: ACP-NPs + EA (66.11 ± 6.33) was comparable to Group 1 HA-NPs (73.51 ± 4.37) (p > 0.05). The highest DC was observed in Group 1 (Unmodified EA). CeO₂-NPs have the potential to improve bond strength scores when used as a remineralizing filler in EA adhesives. However, the incorporation of NPs at 5% in adhesive reduced the DC.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Phytosynthesized Zn-Se Nanocomposites via Response Surface Methodology: Characterization and Germination Impact on Gamma-Irradiated Brassica napus L.","authors":"Zohaib Younas, Laiba Fatima, Ilyas Ahmad, Mursala Khan, Haris Khurshid, Zia-Ur-Rehman Mashwani","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24874","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The sustainable synthesis and optimization of nanocomposites (NCs) for agricultural applications remains a critical challenge. This study addresses this issue by developing Zn-Se NCs using green synthesis methods with Allium sativa and Mentha arvensis plant extracts optimized via Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to achieve an average size of 34.9 nm. For the first time, the combined application of NCs and gamma irradiation was evaluated to enhance seed viability and early growth in Brassica napus L. in the present study. The results indicated that p-values of 0.0001 and 0.0032 for the linear and quadratic regression models, respectively, were significant. The UV-visible spectrum of Zn-Se NCs showed a sharp peak at 295 nm, while FTIR spectra identified functional groups acting as a reducing agent, detailing their compound class, peak shape, and intensity. Spherical Zn-Se NCs were synthesized with an average size of 34.9 nm. The effects of optimized Zn-Se NCs on germination parameters were assessed, revealing that the percentage germination was non-significant, with a p-value > 0.05. In contrast, the survival rate, seedling length, and seed vigor index (SVI) were significant, with p-values of 0.002, 0.007, and 0.015, respectively. The results demonstrated significant improvements in germination percentage and seedling vigor, highlighting the potential of NCs as a nanobiofertilizer. This study presents a novel green synthesis approach for Zn-Se NCs using Allium sativa and Mentha arvensis plant extracts, achieving precise size control (< 35 nm) through RSM optimization, enhancing bioavailability and eco-friendliness. This study recommends the use of plant-mediated Zn-Se NCs in combination with gamma irradiation as a sustainable and effective approach to improve crop productivity and promote eco-friendly agricultural practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144017425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Dyes Under Natural Solar Light Using Facile One-Step Green Synthesized ZrO₂ Nanoparticles.","authors":"Rinku Rana, Waseem Ahmad, Abhilasha Mishra, Sanjay Kumar, Sarfaraz Ahmed, Shoeb Anwar Ansari","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24870","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growing interest for eco-friendly nanomaterials has driven the search for cost-effective synthesis methods, with zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (ZrO₂-NPs) gaining interest for their photocatalytic and antibacterial properties. The ambitions of this study are to synthesize ZrO₂-NPs by the use of lichen extract and evaluate their performance in pollutant degradation and antimicrobial activity. The nanoparticles had been characterized by the use of UV-Vis spectroscopy, which confirms their formation with an absorption peak at 234 nm, at the same time as FTIR evaluation diagnosed functional groups responsible for stabilization. XRD evaluation discovered their crystalline nature, FESEM images showed their spherical morphology, and EDX spectroscopy verified their elemental composition. Photocatalytic experiments underneath sunlight proved efficient degradation of Malachite Green (84%) and Phenol Red (75.5%). Antibacterial studies confirmed good activity toward Staphylococcus aureus (18 mm zone of inhibition), while Escherichia coli exhibited low sensitivity (9 mm area of inhibition). These findings spotlight the capacity of green-synthesized ZrO₂-NPs for wastewater treatment and antimicrobial programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palynological Characterization and Taxonomic Delimitation of the Genus Impatiens L. in Pakistan: An LM and SEM Study.","authors":"Fazli Rahman, Zahid Ullah, Ahmad Ali, Hassan Sher, Shah Zaman, Tijen Demiral Sert, Sadaf Kayani","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24843","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Impatiens L. is a taxonomically complicated genus of flowering plants that entails extensive morphological studies to demarcate its taxa. In order to assess the systematic value of pollen morphology, we collected 14 Pakistani taxa (12 species and 2 sub-species) of the genus Impatiens. The qualitative and quantitative elements of the pollen were meticulously studied using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All Pollen of Pakistani balsams are stenopalynous and are 4-aperturate, except Impatiens meeboldii, which is 2-aperturate. The pollen are usually small to medium-sized. The largest and smallest pollen grains in equatorial view were observed in I. flemingii (38.75-42.25 μm) and I. lemannii subsp. lemannii (13.75-20 μm) respectively. Oblate pollen are more frequent (57%), whereas sub-oblate (14%), oblate-spheroidal (7%), per-oblate (7%), spheroidal (7%), prolate-spheroidal (7%), and sub-prolate (7%) are also present. The general outlines in the polar view are mostly rectangular (57%), whereas the elliptic (57%) outline is more common in the Equatorial view. Exine ornamentation is more commonly reticulate (71%), while micro-reticulate (21%) and gemmate to slightly clavate (7%) are also present. There is much variation found in the features of muri and lumina. Muri are mostly polygonal, ranging from 3-4 angled to 4-8 angled, except I. bicolor subsp. pseudo-bicolor, in which the muri show gemmate to clavate ornamentation. Exine thickness also varies; the smallest exine thickness is observed in I. balfourii (0.25-0.75 μm), and the largest exine thickness is observed in I. sulcata (2.25-3.75 μm). The lengths of colpi show variation; the smallest colpi lengths were observed for I. bicolor subsp. pseudo-bicolor (5.12-7.93 μm) and I. edgeworthii (7.68-7.93 μm) whereas the largest colpi length was observed in I. bicolor subsp. bicolor (8.96-15.36 μm) and I. lemannii subsp. kurramensis (6.4-15.36 μm). A taxonomic key was created based on the pollen features, emphasizing the differences among the various taxa. UPGMA hierarchical clustering and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used to group the taxa into specific clusters and components, showing significant variation in pollen morphology among different species. This thorough analysis highlights the usefulness of palynological traits in classifying and studying the evolution of the Impatiens genus in Pakistan.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144012791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To Evaluate μTBS, Microleakage, and Resin Tag Length via Scanning Electron Microscopy of Different Resin Sealants Clinpro and Embrace Bonded to the Intact Enamel in Primary Molars.","authors":"Faisal Ali Bin Abbooud AlQhtani, Zuhair Motlak Alkahtani, Shan Sainudeen, Anshad M Abdulla, Muhammad Abdullah Kamran, Mustafa Naseem","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To evaluate the micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS), microleakage, and resin tag length via SEM of different resin sealants (Clinpro and Embrace) bonded to intact enamel as compared to the glass ionomer (GI) sealant in primary molars. Forty-eight fully erupted, intact second primary molars were obtained. The samples were randomly assigned to three groups according to the type of sealant used (n = 16): Group 1 (GI sealants), Group 2 (Clinpro), and Group 2 (Embrace). All restored teeth were submerged in water, keeping the temperature at 37°C for 24 h, and then thermocycled. Microleakage assessment was performed using a dye penetration test and μTBS using a universal testing machine. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to assess the resin tag length and interface. Data analysis was conducted using ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. The lowest microleakage score (12.54 ± 0.09) and highest bond value (11.27 ± 0.11 MPa) were observed in Group 3 (Embrace) samples. The maximum values of marginal leakage (30.65 ± 0.04) and lowest bond scores (8.74 ± 0.02 MPa) were demonstrated by Group 1 (GI-based sealant). Intergroup comparisons indicated that Group 2 (Clinpro) and Group 3 exhibited comparable outcomes. Embrace and Clinpro displayed comparable bond integrity and marginal leakage. However, the authors of the existing study recommend that Embrace could be a better option in pediatric patients as it is difficult to maintain isolation with children.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}