Microscopy Research and Technique最新文献

{"title":"Scale Surface Topography of a Vulnerable Cyprinid Fish, Schizothorax plagiostomus From Kashmir Himalayas Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).","authors":"Misba Rehman, Syed Talia Mushtaq, Tasaduq Hussain Shah, Farooz Ahmad Bhat","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has significantly advanced morphological studies, particularly in the investigation of fish scale structures. This technique has unveiled intricate architectural details that are crucial for fish identification and classification. In this study, macro and microscopic analyses were employed to examine the scale morphology of Schizothorax plagiostomus, a vulnerable cyprinid fish from Kashmir, focusing on two body regions (region below dorsal fin and above lateral line). The general scale type observed in S. plagiostomus was cycloid. Two types of shapes, viz., polygonal and cordate, were reported in this species. The rostral margin of the scales displayed round and waved forms. The scales exhibited a small and round focus, which was antero-centrally positioned. The scales featured narrow or wide grooves (radii) categorized into three types: primary, secondary, and tertiary, present across all four scale fields (anterior, posterior, dorsal and lateral), forming a tetra-sectioned type. Circuli, arranged in circular patterns around the focus, were present, which were densely placed in the anterior and lateral fields and widely spaced in the posterior field. Notably, lepidonts on the circuli and chromatophores on the posterior margin were absent in this species. These scale characteristics and their morphologies offer a valuable tool for the identification, classification, and phylogenetic analysis of various freshwater fish species and genera.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green Synthesis and Characterization of Ag Nanoparticles Using Carissa spinarum L. Leaf Extract: Evaluation for Their Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities.","authors":"Huma Firdous, Rizwan Taj Khan, Muhammad Manzoor, Syed Waseem Gillani, Muhammad Nasir, Mumna Munir, Shabir Ahmad","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) using plants, particularly medicinal plants, is an increasingly popular research field. This method provides a safe, sustainable, fast, and easy way to produce NPs for various applications, including therapeutics and nutrition. The objective of this study was to synthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) at room temperature using Carissa spinarum leaf extract as a capping and bioreduction agent. This method is cost-effective and user-friendly. The reaction process was investigated using UV spectroscopy. We confirmed the synthesis of AgNO₃ through SEM, FTIR, and XRD techniques. The SEM data revealed that the nanoparticles were spherical in shape, while XRD analysis confirmed their crystalline morphology with an average particle size of 21.80 nm. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of biocompound functional groups on the surface of AgNPs. We investigated the antibacterial activity of AgNPs using the disc diffusion method and observed that Gram-negative bacteria were more susceptible than Gram-positive bacteria. The antioxidant capabilities of the produced nanoparticles were tested using DPPH and ABTS tests, and the results were given as IC50 values. Furthermore, the antifungal potential was assessed using the agar well diffusion method. In addition, we are looking at the viability of plant-mediated nanoparticle synthesis and prospective applications, taking into account engineering, economic, and environmental factors. This study highlights the practical importance of plant-mediated nanoparticle synthesis in terms of engineering, economics, and the environment, as well as its extensive application in biomedical and environmental sectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Hypericum perforatum L. and Their Effects on Staphylococcus aureus.","authors":"Canan Sevinc-Sasmaz, Fatih Erci, Emrah Torlak, Mustafa Yöntem","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Hypericum perforatum L. and evaluates their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against Staphylococcus aureus. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). UV-Vis spectroscopy showed a maximum absorption peak at 448 nm, which indicates that nanoparticles have been formed successfully. TEM analysis showed that the AgNPs were spherical, with an average size of 35 ± 2.7 nm. FTIR confirmed the presence of functional groups on the surface of AgNP that may be contributing to its biological activity. The AgNPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 75 μg/mL and an inhibition zone of 13 ± 0.13 mm at this concentration. They were also highly effective in inhibiting biofilm formation even at a concentration of 25 μg/mL, reducing biofilm formation by 47.25% ± 3.51%. At increased concentrations, nanoparticles have been shown to compromise bacterial membranes, leading to significant membrane disruption. This disruption subsequently results in a reduction of cellular respiration, with observed decreases of approximately twofold when compared to controls. Additionally, nanoparticles facilitate the production of superoxide anions, which can rise by about threefold, consequently enhancing the overall effectiveness of bacterial inactivation. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) revealed structural damage to bacterial cells treated with AgNPs, supporting their antimicrobial effects. These findings suggest that AgNPs synthesized from H. perforatum could serve as effective antimicrobial agents against S. aureus. Their ability to disrupt bacterial cell membranes, inhibit respiration, and induce oxidative stress makes them promising candidates for antimicrobial and antibiofilm applications, particularly given the increasing concern over bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction and Characterization of Polyethylene Glycol/Sodium Alginate Hydrogel Loaded With Zirconia Nanoparticles: Potential Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Agent to Inhibit Dental Caries In Vitro and In Vivo.","authors":"Layth L Hamid, Roqaya S Zakir, Noha M Abdel Rahman, Rosol H Idrahim, Suha M Abdel Rahman","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biofilm formation on tooth surfaces is a primary contributor to dental caries and periodontal diseases. Streptococcus mutans is recognized for its role in biofilm production, significantly influencing the development of dental caries. Key virulence factors associated with S. mutans biofilms include acid production, acid tolerance, and the synthesis of exopolysaccharides (EPS). This study presents a novel approach by focusing on the loading of biosynthesized zirconia nanoparticles (ZrO₂ NPs) onto polyethylene glycol/sodium alginate (PEG/SA) hydrogel nanocomposite, evaluating their effects on the biofilm-forming ability of S. mutans both in vivo and in vitro. ZrO₂ NPs were biosynthesized using Citrus aurantifolia (C. aurantifolia) extract and incorporated into the PEG/SA hydrogel beads through a sol-gel process. The formation of ZrO₂ NPs and the PEG/SA/ZrO₂ NPs hydrogel nanocomposite was confirmed through diverse analyzes, including UV-visible spectroscopy, particle size measurement, morphology examination, spectral analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and hemolysis studies. The average particle size of the ZrO₂ NPs was approximately 26 nm, while the PEG/SA/ZrO₂ NPs hydrogel beads exhibited a highly porous, sheet-like surface structure. In vitro results demonstrated inhibition zones of 30 and 28 mm for ZrO₂ NPs and PEG/SA/ZrO₂ NPs hydrogel beads against S. mutans, respectively, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 12.5 mg/mL. The growth curve analysis indicated a complete decline in S. mutans growth with an 87% reduction in biofilm formation when treated with PEG/SA/ZrO₂ NPs hydrogel beads. SEM analysis revealed that S. mutans cells appeared lysed or crumpled, losing their characteristic coccal shape after exposure to the hydrogel beads. Additionally, SEM images confirmed the effective prevention of S. mutans attachment to teeth when encapsulated with PEG/SA/ZrO₂ NPs hydrogel, altering the morphology of mature biofilms that developed on the teeth after treatment. Finally, the incorporation of biosynthesized ZrO₂ NPs into PEG/SA hydrogels demonstrates significant potential as an effective strategy for inhibiting S. mutans biofilm formation and may serve as a promising topical agent for reducing dental caries. Further studies could explore the long-term efficacy and potential clinical applications of this nanocomposite in oral health care.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light and Electron Microscope Observations of the Male Reproductive Organs of Adult Julodis ehrenbergii Laporte (Coleoptera, Buprestidae).","authors":"Damla Amutkan Mutlu, Neslihan Bal, Hüseyin Özdikmen, Zekiye Suludere","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper was the first preliminary description of the male reproductive organs in Julodis ehrenbergii Laporte (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) using light and scanning electron microscope techniques. The structure has a couple of testes, a couple of vasa deferentia, a couple of accessory glands, a couple of spermatophoral glands, and a single ejaculatory duct opening in the aedeagus. Each testis is made up of many elongated testicular follicles. Our histological observation showed cysts at different stages of development in the testicular follicles. In other words, spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa, respectively, are formed from the spermatogonia located at the distal end of the testicular follicles. Mature sperm bundles were observed in the lumen of the vasa deferentia. The male accessory glands are curved and thin tube-shaped. There are dense secretion granules in the cytoplasm of the accessory glands' epithelial cells. The spermatophoral glands are roughly oval-like structures and have three lobes on one side. The ejaculatory duct is characterized by the presence of the cuticle layer on the apical surface of the cells. The findings were compared with the male reproductive structures of some other species in the Coleoptera order. Some characteristics, including the number and shape of testicular follicles and accessory glands, among the species of the Coleoptera order, show differences. These features help allow future comparisons with the male reproductive organs of other Coleoptera species.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143670458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Development of an Alternative Methodology to Measure the Particle Size Allowed Passing Through Face Masks Using a Scanning Electron Microscopy.","authors":"J Arenas-Alatorre, S Tehuacanero Cuapa, C Magaña-Zavala, Cecilia Noguez","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>At the end of 2019, in the city of Wuhan, China, a new highly infectious coronavirus affecting the respiratory tract was announced. It was named SARS-Cov2, causing deaths in the population. In the face of this global health emergency, many medical and protective supplies were quickly depleted, and some others of dubious quality emerged, including face masks for medical and population use. Given this uncertainty, this working group developed a complementary methodology to the wind tunnel, a technique usually used to measure the efficiency of particle passage in certified masks. A gravity-feed airbrush gun operating at a pressure of 60 PSI was used for this purpose. Saline water at a concentration of 20% NaCl was used as the impact liquid on the face mask, and the deposition time was 1 s, emulating the time of sneezing or coughing. The particles that passed through the face masks were deposited in sample holders for scanning electron microscopy (SEM), where a 0.8 × 0.8 cm slide was placed on their surface and the particles covered with an Au film deposited by sputtering. The sizes of the NaCl particles that were allowed to pass through the face masks were evaluated using field-emission SEM (FSEM). It was found that at 0.5 cm between the surface of the face mask and the deposit surface, the distance between the mask and airbrush nozzle was 2.5 cm, and 1 s deposits, the particles allowed to pass through the K95 and KN95 masks were 85% and 88%, respectively, in the range from 0.2 to 1 to 0 μm, in both cases, the number of particles deposited per unit area was low, 0.1 particles/μm². Based on this methodology, some face masks used daily by the population were evaluated, finding that commercial two-layer polypropylene masks allow NaCl particles larger than 5 μm to pass through, while in the commercial three-layer face mask the NaCl particle size was 2 μm in order.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143663931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to \"Implication and Evaluations of Indoor Soot Particles From Domestic Fuel Energy Sources Using Characterization Techniques in Northern Pakistan\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24852","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microscopic Imaging of Alpha Particle Trajectory and Its Application for Radionuclide Distribution Measurement in Cell.","authors":"Pingping Kong, Changran Geng, Xiaowen Tian, Haichao Zhuang, Xiaobin Tang","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Imaging and analyzing alpha-particle trajectories are crucial for studying alpha-particle distributions in high-energy physics experiments, such as radioisotope imaging and neutron energy spectrum measurements. This study introduces a novel method that combines an electron-multiplying charge-coupled device (EMCCD) camera, a gadolinium aluminum gallium garnet (GAGG) scintillator film, and a fluorescent microscope to measure the micro-distribution of radionuclides. A reconstruction technique was developed to determine the initial positions of alpha particles based on the pixel gray-value distributions along their trajectories. The effectiveness of this technique was validated through imaging experiments using fixed incident alpha particles. Key imaging parameters, including binning, exposure time, and optical parameters such as magnification, were systematically investigated for their impacts on imaging quality. Results indicated that increasing the binning value improved detection sensitivity but reduced spatial resolution. Shortening exposure times effectively prevented track overlap, aiding trajectory identification, counting, and analysis. Higher magnification of objective lenses enhanced the spatial resolution of the whole system but required greater sample flatness and camera sensitivity. A measurement platform was further developed to explore the cellular distribution of radioactive drugs in targeted alpha therapy. Coupled registration of trajectory and cellular images was achieved using an external Ra-223 source and A549 cells. This trajectory measurement technique is broadly applicable for analyzing the cellular distribution of radioactive drugs in targeted alpha therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resolution Deterioration of Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope in a Windowed Gas Cell.","authors":"Martin Čalkovský, Handolsam Chung, Myeonggi Choe, Yeongdong Lee, Zonghoon Lee","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Commercially available windowed gas cells for in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) opened vast possibilities to study gas-solid interactions with high-spatial resolution. Modern gas cell designs comprise efforts to maintain the high-spatial resolution of the primary electron beam by reducing SiN window and gas thickness. Despite these efforts, the primary electron beam still interacts with the pre-sample gas atmosphere and SiN window, which leads to the deterioration of the initial spatial resolution of the primary electron beam and degrades the STEM image quality. In the presented work, we aim to understand the STEM resolution deterioration mechanisms by utilizing Monte Carlo simulations to reveal information on electron scattering in the SiN window and pre-sample gas atmosphere. Additionally, we use the derived understanding of the STEM resolution deterioration mechanisms to propose measures to avoid STEM resolution deterioration in in situ gas cell STEM experiments. Monte Carlo simulations reveal that the STEM resolution limiting factor in the gas cell is an insufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). By increasing the SNR in the acquired STEM images, the resolution in the STEM images is improved. The proposed approach is demonstrated on a WS₂ specimen imaged under 0 and 1000 mbar Ar gas pressure.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143657506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of Physiological and Morphological Alteration in Mytilus galloprovincialis After Exposure to Polyethylene Glycol (PEG).","authors":"Federica Impellitteri, Cristiana Roberta Multisanti, Davide Di Paola, Francesca Inferrera, Salvatore Cuzzocrea, Mahdi Banaee, Giuseppe Piccione, Caterina Faggio, Marika Cordaro","doi":"10.1002/jemt.24854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.24854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) on Mytilus galloprovincialis, a key sentinel species in marine environments. As PEGs are widely used in personal care products and pharmaceuticals, their increasing presence in marine ecosystems poses a potential threat to non-target organisms. A total of 150 mussels were exposed to different concentrations of PEG (0.1 mg/L and 10 mg/L) over 14 days. The impact of PEG exposure was assessed through cell viability assays, regulatory volume decrease (RVD) tests, and histological analysis, respectively, on hemolymph and digestive gland (DG) cells, on gills, DG, and gonads. Significant reductions in cell viability were observed in hemocytes and DG cells, particularly at higher PEG concentrations. Histological analysis revealed pronounced tissue damage, including hemocyte infiltration, lipofuscin aggregation, and epithelial disorganization in the gills, hepatopancreas, and gonads, indicating PEG-induced cytotoxicity. The study also observed impaired RVD mechanisms in DG cells, highlighting changes in cell volume regulation. These findings demonstrate that PEG can induce significant physiological and morphological alterations in marine mussels, raising concerns about its impact on aquatic ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143649424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}