Microscopy Research and Technique最新文献

{"title":"Improvements in Microstructure, Mechanical and Degradation Properties of Mg-Y-Zn-Zr Alloy via Extrusion for Implant Applications.","authors":"Luo Xiaoping, Liu Baosheng, Hou Hua","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The microstructure and degradation behavior of a low-alloyed Mg-1.2Y-Zn-0.3Zr alloy were investigated for potential implant applications by permanent mold casting and hot extrusion. The phase composition and microstructure were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Degradation properties were investigated by using loss-weight tests and electrochemical measurements. The results show that the W-phase (Mg₃Zn₃Y₂) exhibited segregation at the grain boundaries. Dynamic recrystallization significantly refined the alloy's grain structure. After hot extrusion, the average grain size was 2.96 μm, with tensile strength, elongation, and degradation rate values of 255 MPa, 27%, and 3.78 mm y^-1, respectively, which implies that the enhanced mechanical and degradation properties are attributed to grain refinement and grain boundary segregation strengthening. This may provide a promising solution for implant material development.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144961478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artemisia lerchiana Based Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: TEM Microscopy, Physicochemical, and Spectroscopic Characterization.","authors":"Gunay Hasanova, Sabina Omarova, Rovshan Khalilov, Afat Mammadova, Muhammad Zafar, Salman Majeed, Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan, Muhammad Rizwan Khan, Aleena Gul","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70062","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70062","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have unique physicochemical characteristics that render them very appropriate for various biomedical applications. AgNPs were synthesized in a study by an environmentally friendly and cost-effective method where an aqueous extract of Artemisia lerchiana was used as a bioreducing and stabilizing agent. To characterize the synthesized nanoparticles, a conjunction of analytical methods was employed, such as UV-Visible spectrophotometry, Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The UV-Vis spectrum indicated the formation of nanoparticles with a typical surface plasmon resonance peak situated at 480 nm. TEM examination showed mostly spherical-shaped nanoparticles with a size of 4-19 nm. FTIR spectra showed the presence of functional biomolecules that reduced silver ions and gave AgNPs stability. This green synthesis method highlights the possibility of using plant-based nanoparticle synthesis in biomedical, environmental, and industrial fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144874167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Recent Developments in Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Antioxidant and Antibacterial Applications.","authors":"Kandasamy Selvam, Arunagiri Ragu Prasath, Abdullah K Alanazi","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using biological sources has emerged as a sustainable and eco-friendly alternative to conventional chemical and physical methods. This review highlights recent advancements in the green synthesis of AgNPs employing plant extracts, bacteria, fungi, and algae, with particular emphasis on their antioxidant and antibacterial applications. Phytochemicals such as flavonoids, polyphenols, and terpenoids act as natural reducing and stabilizing agents, contributing to the formation of stable nanoparticles with enhanced bioactivity. The unique properties of AgNPs, including their large surface area and unique morphology, enable effective free radical scavenging and potent antibacterial activity, offering promising solutions to oxidative stress-related diseases and multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. This review critically compares green synthesis approaches with traditional methods, outlines their advantages and limitations, and explores the mechanisms underlying the antioxidant and antibacterial actions of AgNPs. The findings highlight the potential of green-synthesized AgNPs in biomedical and environmental applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144859358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of RF Power on Structural and Corrosion Properties of Sputter-Deposited CrN Films.","authors":"Alireza Grayeli, Sahar Rezaee, Ştefan Ţălu","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines the deposition of chromium nitride (CrN) films on 304 stainless steel (304SS) substrates using radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering, with RF power varied from 20 to 160 W in an argon atmosphere. The structural, topographical, and corrosion resistance properties of the films were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical polarization measurements. Employing the atomic force microscope, morphological characteristics of CrN films under constant conditions using Minkowski Functionals were analyzed. Subsequently, by examining parameters like root-mean-square roughness, skewness, and kurtosis, the study revealed the variations in the particle distribution and their probability density as a function of deposition power alterations. Results indicate that increasing RF power enhances film crystallinity, as evidenced by intensified XRD peaks. With an increase in RF power reaching up to 80 W, there is a significant enhancement in the uniformity of the surface, resulting in an evenly spread grain pattern. Corrosion tests in 0.5 M sulfuric acid, assessed via potentiodynamic polarization, identify 80 W as the optimal RF power for maximizing corrosion resistance. This study provides insights into the relationship between film structure, surface characteristics, and corrosion behavior, highlighting key factors influencing protective performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144847644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SGA-U-Net-Based Histopathological Assistive Diagnosis for Wilms Tumor Using Whole Slide Images.","authors":"Zhenzhen Wan, Wenlong Fan, Fang Liu, Ning Shi, Yuwei Liu, Haocheng Li, Haitao Chang, Shidong Zhang, Xiuling Liu","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wilms tumor (WT) is the most prevalent renal malignancy in children. Determining its histopathological classification is critical for prognosis and postoperative treatment options. The histopathological classification of WT is based on the area percentages of its primary components, making accurate segmentation of these components essential for classification outcomes. However, due to the complexity of WT components and the high resolution of whole slide images (WSIs), achieving precise pathological diagnosis presents quiet challenges. Hence, we propose a new SGA-U-Net for the segmentation of WT components. To improve the model's focus on fine-grained features within the WT components, a hybrid attention module is designed for the up-sampling layer of the traditional U-Net. We also applied the model to assess the histopathological classification of WT, validating the feasibility of the model for clinical application. The segmentation results indicate that our model achieved a Dice of 0.95, 0.91, and 0.88 for the WT-blastema, WT-epithelium, and WT-stroma, respectively. The proposed model provides an automated solution for the histopathological classification of WT to assist pathologists in clinical diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic Reidentification of Calocybe indica to Macrocybe indica and New Records of Calocybe erminea in Pakistan.","authors":"Fauzia Razzaq, Muhammad Haqnawaz, Riffat Shahid, Urooj Ashraf, Najam-Ul-Sehar Afshan, Abdul Nasir Khalid, Abdul Rehman Niazi","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>During an ongoing survey of indigenous fungi in Pakistan, we found Calocybe erminea and Macrocybe indica comb. nov. have been identified at the species level using light, scanning electron microscopy, and molecular phylogenetic analysis based on rDNA-internal transcribed spacer sequences. This study marks the first report of the genus Calocybe in Pakistan. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis has led to the reidentification of Calocybe indica as Macrocybe indica, providing new insights into the taxonomy and distribution of these fungal species in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compact and Affordable Raspberry Pi-Based Multimodal Imaging System With Remote Monitoring Capabilities for Bioimaging Applications.","authors":"Biprav Chetry, Pabitra Nath","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid advancements in smartphone camera features and accessibility have garnered significant attention for smartphone-based imaging systems in recent years. However, due to variations in dimensions and camera positions across different phones, they often suffer from compatibility issues. In the present work, these issues have been addressed by using a Raspberry Pi single-board computer (SBC) as the platform for the development of a multimodal microscopic system. The proposed imaging system can be remotely accessed and controlled via Wi-Fi from a computer, tablet, or smartphone, thus offering greater flexibility compared to smartphone-based imaging systems. The system offers four imaging modalities: bright-field (BF), dark-field (DF), oblique illumination (OI), and differential phase contrast (DPC), all on a single platform without requiring any additional optical components. Developed at an affordable cost of ~$122 using 3D printing and readily available components, the system achieves a noteworthy optical resolution of 1.64 μm, comparable to a laboratory microscope with a ×10 objective. Its imaging capabilities have been validated against a research-grade microscope, demonstrating its potential as a reliable and cost-effective tool for sectors in need of accessible microscopy solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Heat and Irrigation Agitation on the Smear Layer Removal Ability of Calcium Hypochlorite: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study.","authors":"Damla Erkal, Kürşat Er","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of calcium hypochlorite in smear layer removal during root canal treatment and examine the impact of heat and agitation techniques on its performance. In this study, 160 single-rooted, straight mandibular premolars were prepared using ProTaper Next rotary files up to X4. Following preparation, samples were randomly branched into 10 groups of 16 teeth each. 5.25% calcium hypochlorite was used at 3 different temperatures: non-heated, preheated, and intracanal heated. As agitation techniques, XP-Endo Finisher, EDDY, and Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI) were used. The teeth were divided into two longitudinal sections and examined under a scanning electron microscope at ×1000 magnification. The control group exhibited the highest smear layer retention in all regions, while the intracanal heated PUI group provided the most effective cleaning in all areas. The results showed that heating calcium hypochlorite and using agitation techniques are more effective for smear layer removal.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Design, Cyclic Fatigue Resistance, and Metallurgical Properties of Original, Replica-Like, and Counterfeit Nickel-Titanium Files.","authors":"Mert Unal, Elif Bahar Cakici","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to compare the design characteristics, cyclic fatigue resistance, and metallurgical properties of original, replica-like, and counterfeit nickel-titanium systems. One hundred Ni-Ti files were evaluated and categorized into four groups: the original (Of-Reciproc Blue R25) system, a replica-like (Rf-Recip-One Files Blue R25) system, and two counterfeit (Cf1, Cf2) systems. The design characteristics were assessed based on packaging features, manufacturing defects observed using a stereomicroscope, tip design analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and taper and tip diameter measurements conducted with Image J software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). Cyclic fatigue testing was performed at body temperature in an artificial canal with a 60° angle of curvature and a 5 mm radius of curvature. Metallurgical properties were examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Statistical analysis was conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis test with post hoc Dunn-Bonferroni tests, with the significance level set at 5%. The Cf systems were distinguished from the Of system by the observation of manufacturing defects under a stereomicroscope. While the Of and Rf systems exhibited passive tip designs, the Cf systems displayed active tip designs. The Rf system showed tip diameter and taper values similar to those of the Of system, whereas the Cf1 system demonstrated lower tip diameter and taper values compared to the Of system. Cyclic fatigue test results revealed no statistically significant difference in fracture times between the systems. DSC analysis indicated that the Of system was in the austenite phase at body temperature, while the other systems were in the martensite phase. SEM-EDS analysis revealed similar nickel-titanium compositions across all systems. The Rf system showed similar design, mechanical, and metallurgical properties to the Of system, while Cf systems lacked consistency in standardization and design. The presence of manufacturing defects, along with discrepancies in claimed design specifications such as tip diameter and taper, and the fact that counterfeit systems exist in a different metallurgical phase compared to the original system, may predispose clinicians to potential complications during clinical use.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Removal of Metaldehyde Pesticide via Modified Cellulose Adsorbents.","authors":"Gulab Said, Muhammad Ilyas, Bekzat Tynybekov, Thiago Machado da Silva Acioly, Patricio De Los Rios-Escalante","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jemt.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, commercial, plant-based, and paper-based cellulose acetate (CCA) was modified to develop an efficient adsorbent for removing metaldehyde (MD) from aqueous solutions. The modified commercial CCA exhibited the best performance and was selected for further characterization using FTIR, EDX, SEM, and XRD. Batch experiments were conducted to assess the effects of parameters such as contact time (10-100 min), initial MD concentration (10-100 mg/L), adsorbent dosage (0.01-0.12 g), and pH (2-12). Kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic analyses were carried out to gain a deeper understanding of the adsorption process. The maximum MD removal observed was 55.34% at an optimal dosage of 0.08 g and room temperature (25°C). The experimental data were best fitted by the pseudo-second-order and power function models, with correlation coefficients of 0.9947 and 0.9917, respectively. Among the isotherm models tested, including Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Jovanovich, and Harkins-Jura, the Freundlich model provided the best fit for equilibrium data (R² = 0.995), indicating that the adsorption occurred in a heterogeneous environment. The maximum adsorption capacity was 2.21 mg/g. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous, with an enthalpy change (ΔH°) of -29.9 kJ/mol, entropy change (ΔS°) of 91.29 J/mol, and Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) values of -7.27, -4.45, and -2.65 kJ/mol at 298, 313, and 328 K, respectively. These findings suggest that CCA could be a promising alternative to activated carbon for adsorbent applications, providing a more energy-efficient solution. Further studies are necessary using other pollutants.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}