Microscopy Research and Technique最新文献

{"title":"SGA-U-Net-Based Histopathological Assistive Diagnosis for Wilms Tumor Using Whole Slide Images","authors":"Zhenzhen Wan,&nbsp;Wenlong Fan,&nbsp;Fang Liu,&nbsp;Ning Shi,&nbsp;Yuwei Liu,&nbsp;Haocheng Li,&nbsp;Haitao Chang,&nbsp;Shidong Zhang,&nbsp;Xiuling Liu","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70063","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Wilms tumor (WT) is the most prevalent renal malignancy in children. Determining its histopathological classification is critical for prognosis and postoperative treatment options. The histopathological classification of WT is based on the area percentages of its primary components, making accurate segmentation of these components essential for classification outcomes. However, due to the complexity of WT components and the high resolution of whole slide images (WSIs), achieving precise pathological diagnosis presents quiet challenges. Hence, we propose a new SGA-U-Net for the segmentation of WT components. To improve the model's focus on fine-grained features within the WT components, a hybrid attention module is designed for the up-sampling layer of the traditional U-Net. We also applied the model to assess the histopathological classification of WT, validating the feasibility of the model for clinical application. The segmentation results indicate that our model achieved a Dice of 0.95, 0.91, and 0.88 for the WT-blastema, WT-epithelium, and WT-stroma, respectively. The proposed model provides an automated solution for the histopathological classification of WT to assist pathologists in clinical diagnosis.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 1","pages":"109-119"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenetic Reidentification of Calocybe indica to Macrocybe indica and New Records of Calocybe erminea in Pakistan","authors":"Fauzia Razzaq,&nbsp;Muhammad Haqnawaz,&nbsp;Riffat Shahid,&nbsp;Urooj Ashraf,&nbsp;Najam-ul-Sehar Afshan,&nbsp;Abdul Nasir Khalid,&nbsp;Abdul Rehman Niazi","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70055","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During an ongoing survey of indigenous fungi in Pakistan, we found <i>Calocybe erminea</i> and <i>Macrocybe indica</i> comb. nov. have been identified at the species level using light, scanning electron microscopy, and molecular phylogenetic analysis based on rDNA-internal transcribed spacer sequences. This study marks the first report of the genus <i>Calocybe</i> in Pakistan. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis has led to the reidentification of <i>Calocybe indica</i> as <i>Macrocybe indica</i>, providing new insights into the taxonomy and distribution of these fungal species in the region.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 1","pages":"100-108"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compact and Affordable Raspberry Pi-Based Multimodal Imaging System With Remote Monitoring Capabilities for Bioimaging Applications","authors":"Biprav Chetry,&nbsp;Pabitra Nath","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70058","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The rapid advancements in smartphone camera features and accessibility have garnered significant attention for smartphone-based imaging systems in recent years. However, due to variations in dimensions and camera positions across different phones, they often suffer from compatibility issues. In the present work, these issues have been addressed by using a Raspberry Pi single-board computer (SBC) as the platform for the development of a multimodal microscopic system. The proposed imaging system can be remotely accessed and controlled via Wi-Fi from a computer, tablet, or smartphone, thus offering greater flexibility compared to smartphone-based imaging systems. The system offers four imaging modalities: bright-field (BF), dark-field (DF), oblique illumination (OI), and differential phase contrast (DPC), all on a single platform without requiring any additional optical components. Developed at an affordable cost of ~$122 using 3D printing and readily available components, the system achieves a noteworthy optical resolution of 1.64 μm, comparable to a laboratory microscope with a ×10 objective. Its imaging capabilities have been validated against a research-grade microscope, demonstrating its potential as a reliable and cost-effective tool for sectors in need of accessible microscopy solutions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 1","pages":"73-86"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Heat and Irrigation Agitation on the Smear Layer Removal Ability of Calcium Hypochlorite: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study","authors":"Damla Erkal,&nbsp;Kürşat Er","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70057","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of calcium hypochlorite in smear layer removal during root canal treatment and examine the impact of heat and agitation techniques on its performance. In this study, 160 single-rooted, straight mandibular premolars were prepared using ProTaper Next rotary files up to X4. Following preparation, samples were randomly branched into 10 groups of 16 teeth each. 5.25% calcium hypochlorite was used at 3 different temperatures: non-heated, preheated, and intracanal heated. As agitation techniques, XP-Endo Finisher, EDDY, and Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI) were used. The teeth were divided into two longitudinal sections and examined under a scanning electron microscope at ×1000 magnification. The control group exhibited the highest smear layer retention in all regions, while the intracanal heated PUI group provided the most effective cleaning in all areas. The results showed that heating calcium hypochlorite and using agitation techniques are more effective for smear layer removal.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 1","pages":"65-72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jemt.70057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Design, Cyclic Fatigue Resistance, and Metallurgical Properties of Original, Replica-Like, and Counterfeit Nickel-Titanium Files","authors":"Mert Unal,&nbsp;Elif Bahar Cakici","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70061","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study aimed to compare the design characteristics, cyclic fatigue resistance, and metallurgical properties of original, replica-like, and counterfeit nickel-titanium systems. One hundred Ni-Ti files were evaluated and categorized into four groups: the original (Of-Reciproc Blue R25) system, a replica-like (Rf-Recip-One Files Blue R25) system, and two counterfeit (Cf1, Cf2) systems. The design characteristics were assessed based on packaging features, manufacturing defects observed using a stereomicroscope, tip design analyzed via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and taper and tip diameter measurements conducted with Image J software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). Cyclic fatigue testing was performed at body temperature in an artificial canal with a 60° angle of curvature and a 5 mm radius of curvature. Metallurgical properties were examined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Statistical analysis was conducted using the Kruskal–Wallis test with post hoc Dunn-Bonferroni tests, with the significance level set at 5%. The Cf systems were distinguished from the Of system by the observation of manufacturing defects under a stereomicroscope. While the Of and Rf systems exhibited passive tip designs, the Cf systems displayed active tip designs. The Rf system showed tip diameter and taper values similar to those of the Of system, whereas the Cf1 system demonstrated lower tip diameter and taper values compared to the Of system. Cyclic fatigue test results revealed no statistically significant difference in fracture times between the systems. DSC analysis indicated that the Of system was in the austenite phase at body temperature, while the other systems were in the martensite phase. SEM-EDS analysis revealed similar nickel-titanium compositions across all systems. The Rf system showed similar design, mechanical, and metallurgical properties to the Of system, while Cf systems lacked consistency in standardization and design. The presence of manufacturing defects, along with discrepancies in claimed design specifications such as tip diameter and taper, and the fact that counterfeit systems exist in a different metallurgical phase compared to the original system, may predispose clinicians to potential complications during clinical use.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 1","pages":"87-99"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://analyticalsciencejournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jemt.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable Removal of Metaldehyde Pesticide via Modified Cellulose Adsorbents","authors":"Gulab Said,&nbsp;Muhammad Ilyas,&nbsp;Bekzat Tynybekov,&nbsp;Thiago Machado da Silva Acioly,&nbsp;Patricio De los Rios-Escalante","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70052","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, commercial, plant-based, and paper-based cellulose acetate (CCA) was modified to develop an efficient adsorbent for removing metaldehyde (MD) from aqueous solutions. The modified commercial CCA exhibited the best performance and was selected for further characterization using FTIR, EDX, SEM, and XRD. Batch experiments were conducted to assess the effects of parameters such as contact time (10–100 min), initial MD concentration (10–100 mg/L), adsorbent dosage (0.01–0.12 g), and pH (2–12). Kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic analyses were carried out to gain a deeper understanding of the adsorption process. The maximum MD removal observed was 55.34% at an optimal dosage of 0.08 g and room temperature (25°C). The experimental data were best fitted by the pseudo-second-order and power function models, with correlation coefficients of 0.9947 and 0.9917, respectively. Among the isotherm models tested, including Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Jovanovich, and Harkins-Jura, the Freundlich model provided the best fit for equilibrium data (R² = 0.995), indicating that the adsorption occurred in a heterogeneous environment. The maximum adsorption capacity was 2.21 mg/g. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous, with an enthalpy change (ΔH°) of −29.9 kJ/mol, entropy change (ΔS°) of 91.29 J/mol, and Gibbs free energy (ΔG°) values of −7.27, −4.45, and −2.65 kJ/mol at 298, 313, and 328 K, respectively. These findings suggest that CCA could be a promising alternative to activated carbon for adsorbent applications, providing a more energy-efficient solution. Further studies are necessary using other pollutants.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 1","pages":"50-64"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144835675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histological and Histochemical Investigations of the Kidneys of Some Water Birds With Different Diets","authors":"Eman E. El-Nahass,&nbsp;Fatma A. Madkour,&nbsp;Mona M. Elwan","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70053","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>“Avian species differ in their environments and lifestyles, including domestic, marine, wild, and carnivorous types. Each bird's unique diet influences the kidney to carry out distinct and specialized functions. This study aims to explore and compare the anatomical, histological, and histochemical features of the kidneys in aquatic birds with varying feeding behaviors: the Northern Shoveler (<i>Spatula clypeata</i>) and Green-winged Teal (\u0000 <i>Anas crecca</i>\u0000 ) from the Anatidae family, and the Pied Kingfisher (\u0000 <i>Ceryle rudis</i>\u0000 ) from the Alcedinidae family. The kidneys were dissected from the synsacral fossa and fixed in 10% neutral buffer formalin. Tissue samples were processed using the paraffin-embedding technique and stained with H&amp;E, Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), Alcian blue (AB), AB/PAS, and mercury bromophenol blue. Histological examination revealed no significant structural differences in the kidneys among the studied species. A thin basement membrane supported the endothelial cells of the glomerular capillary tufts. The lining epithelial cells of all segments of the nephrons and the brush border of the proximal convoluted tubule showed a negative reaction with Alcian blue stain. Whereas they exhibited a positive reaction with PAS stain. The distal convoluted tubules and the luminal surfaces of the collecting ducts showed a strong positive reaction with Alcian blue when combined with PAS. The proximal convoluted tubules showed a positive reaction with the mercury bromophenol blue stain, indicating the formation of albumin spheres. Histological and histochemical studies of the renal tissue across the three studied species revealed several interspecies similarities and some intra-species variations with other avian species.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 1","pages":"31-49"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144799597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction of Aphid Crescent-Shaped (Marginal) and Pea-Shaped Galls in Pistacia vera: Their Morpho-Anatomical and Histochemical Characteristics","authors":"Najmeh Hosseini,&nbsp;Farkhondeh Rezanejad,&nbsp;Mohsen Mehrparvar","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70048","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Galling organisms induce redifferentiation of plant tissues to provide shelter, nutrition, and protection for gallicolous organisms. For the first time, the present work describes morphological, anatomical, and histochemical characteristics of two aphid galls of \u0000 <i>Pistacia vera</i>\u0000 during development. Intact (control) mesophyll was homogenous, composed of palisade cells; epidermal layers were uniseriate, and vascular bundles, surrounded by bundle sheath, were apposite collateral in the midvein and single in lateral sides. The identified galls were the crescent-shaped at leaflet edges and small pea-shaped at leaflet midvein apex. In both galls, the adaxial epidermis was the origin of the epidermis inside the gall, and the abaxial epidermis was the origin of the epidermis outside the gall. Pea-shaped galls showed both opposite and single vascular bundles, whereas crescent-shaped galls had only single bundles. They showed the following features compared with control: multilayer epidermis-lumen (a kind of hyperplasia), increasing total cell layers of gall wall, replacement of palisade cells with shorter cells, increasing the size of phloem system and schizogenous ducts (a kind of hypertrophy, only in crescent-shaped gall), xylem low stainability, and the absence of bundle sheath. Some primary and secondary metabolites were present in both types of galls as well as non-galled leaflets. All the mentioned features are developed to feed aphids or protect them against biotic and abiotic stresses.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 1","pages":"20-30"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144794862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromosome Abnormality Detection Using Visual Geometric Transformer and Mantis Search Optimization","authors":"Nelliyadan Nimitha,&nbsp;Periyathambi Ezhumalai,&nbsp;Arun Chokkalingam","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70026","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Chromosomes, which carry vital genetic material, have a distinctive thread-like appearance located within the cell nucleus. The process of examining these structures known as karyotyping is fundamental for identifying genetic abnormalities. Although several techniques have been developed for this purpose, many existing methods are limited by inefficiencies, particularly in terms of processing time and accurate feature extraction. To overcome these issues, this study introduces a novel algorithm called Visual Geometric Transformer-based Mantis Search (VGT-MS) for effective detection of chromosomal anomalies. Given that chromosome images often include irrelevant background elements, a preprocessing step is applied to eliminate these artifacts. Feature extraction is performed using the VGG-16 network, followed by classification using the Vision Transformer to pinpoint abnormalities. To further enhance the model's effectiveness, its parameters are optimized using the Mantis Search Algorithm. The performance of the proposed framework is assessed using evaluation metrics including accuracy, F1-score, recall, precision, and ROC. The experimental results indicate that the proposed model excels in all key metrics, achieving an accuracy of 98.0%, precision of 97.2%, recall of 96.2%, and an F1-score of 96.7%, all while reducing computational overhead. Overall, the VGT-MS framework proves to be a powerful and efficient solution for chromosome abnormality detection, successfully addressing the drawbacks of conventional methods.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 1","pages":"3-19"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive Compressive Sensing Imaging in AFM Based on Target Block Detection","authors":"Yongheng Zeng,&nbsp;Yongjian Chen,&nbsp;Teng Wu,&nbsp;Guoqiang Han","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70021","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is essential for studying the surface properties of samples at the micro- and nanoscales. Traditional AFM scanning methods are time-consuming, particularly for obtaining high-resolution images. Compressive sensing (CS) has been utilized for fast AFM imaging. However, as the size and resolution requirements of the images increase, the measurement matrix for compressive sensing also becomes larger. Block compressive sensing (BCS) divides the image into blocks and reconstructs them with a small measurement matrix, but it is difficult to balance the imaging quality between regions. Therefore, we propose an innovative adaptive CS-AFM imaging scheme. A low-resolution image is obtained through fast scanning, and a high-resolution image is generated using bicubic interpolation. The Otsu and eight-connectivity methods detect the location of the target blocks, while the GRNN model adapts the sampling rate for it. A supplementary scan is performed on the target block, followed by reconstruction using the TVAL3 algorithm. Finally, the target region is replaced with the reconstructed high-quality target blocks. Compared to other schemes, the results demonstrate that our method excels in achieving fast, high-quality, and high-resolution imaging.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"88 12","pages":"3282-3309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144753809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}