Microscopy Research and Technique最新文献

{"title":"Development of Automated High-Throughput Digital Microscopy With Deep Learning for Enhanced Blood Smear Imaging","authors":"Arunnagiri Arasappan Murugesan,&nbsp;Sasikala Mohan,&nbsp;Barath Parthiban","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70101","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70101","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A microscope is essential in scientific and medical research, enabling the magnification of specimens too small for the naked eye. The conventional method of acquisition of images requires pathologists or technicians to manually focus the microscope and examine one slide at a time, making the process tedious, especially in health emergencies. However, manual focusing in traditional microscopes often leads to human errors, image drift, and fatigue. Therefore, the work aims to design and develop an automated high-throughput optical digital microscope-based device for scanning and capturing blood smear images of 10 peripheral blood smear slides sequentially in a batch, focusing on a particular field of view at an objective lens magnification of 40. Maintaining focus is especially challenging in high-magnification microscopes due to their sensitivity to vibrations, which can blur images. This study proposes an automated focusing system combining an optical assembly setup with a deep learning algorithm for real-time image acquisition. Leveraging transfer learning with pre-trained VGG-16 and Mobile Vision Transformer (ViT) models, the system overcomes the computational challenges of training CNNs from scratch. By fine-tuning the model's upper layers on a smaller dataset, it efficiently learns task-specific features while minimizing computation, time, and overfitting. The Mobile ViT model outperforms the VGG-16 model, achieving an accuracy of 99.28%, which establishes MobileViT as a more reliable and efficient model for the acquisition of well-focused images. The approach improves image sharpness, reliability, and stability, enhancing the efficiency of microscopic imaging. This advanced system offers practical solutions for biomedical imaging diagnostics and advancements in microscopy analysis.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 4","pages":"663-676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145724763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Performance of Two NiTi Rotary Files: Effects of Alloy and Design of Fatigue, Torsion, Bending, and Fracture Behavior","authors":"José Aranguren,&nbsp;Gema Galvan,&nbsp;Carmen Bonilla,&nbsp;Vincenzo Tosco,&nbsp;Alejandro R. Pérez,&nbsp;Giulia Malvicini","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70093","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70093","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study evaluated the mechanical performance of nickel–titanium (NiTi) endodontic instruments with identical tip diameters but different alloy compositions and designs. The study compared two geometric configurations of WaveOne Gold instruments (Respectively, WO I and WO II) manufactured using three different NiTi alloys: SE-Wire (non-heat-treated superelastic NiTi), M-Wire, and gold alloy. WO I instruments have a variable taper (25/0.08) and dual convex triangular cross-section, while WO II instruments feature a reduced taper (25/0.07), square cross-section, and shorter handle. Six groups were tested for cyclic fatigue resistance, torsional strength, bending behavior, deformation, and compressive load. Fracture patterns were examined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A two-way ANOVA evaluated interactions between alloy type and instrument design. Alloy heat treatment and design significantly affected performance. Gold alloy instruments showed superior flexibility and the highest time-to-fracture (TTF) values, particularly in WO II. WO II files required less pressure to navigate canals and demonstrated better bending adaptability due to their reduced taper and square cross-section. In contrast, SE-Wire instruments had the lowest fatigue resistance and highest pressure loads, indicating their austenitic phase and lack of thermal treatment. WO I instruments had higher torsional strength but fractured at lower angular deflections. SEM revealed distinct fracture mechanisms based on alloy and generation. WO II instruments outperformed WO I in flexibility, cyclic fatigue resistance, and canal tracking, particularly with thermomechanically treated alloys like Gold. The relationship between alloy composition and instrument design is crucial for optimizing performance and minimizing procedural risks.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 4","pages":"565-577"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145523986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Metallic Nanoparticles Treatments on the Development of the Pool Frog, Pelophylax lessonae (Amphibia: Ranidae)","authors":"Daniela Semeraro,&nbsp;Donatella Mentino,&nbsp;Roberta Rossi,&nbsp;Carlotta De Blasi,&nbsp;Marco Vito Guglielmi,&nbsp;Giovanni Scillitani,&nbsp;Maria Mastrodonato","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70098","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The effects of treatments of pool frog embryos of <i>Pelophylax lessonae</i> with engineered zerovalent nanoparticles of Fe Co, and Ni at increasing concentrations (½ LC₅₀, LC₅₀, and 2 × LC₅₀) were studied at macroscopical and microscopical levels, focusing on the epidermis that is often subject to physiological changes in response to environmental factors. Total body length and eye diameter were statistically higher in the control groups. A significantly higher percentage of embryos in the controls reached later Gosner developmental stages (19–23) than the treatments. Malformations such as ventral blister, microcephalia, bent body axis, and microphthalmia were significantly more frequent in the Co and Ni treatments than in the controls. In treated epidermis, ciliated, goblet, and small secretory cells resulted in a significantly larger volume than the same cell types in control embryos. At the ultrastructural level, ciliated cells showed stuck cilia and mitochondrial swelling, as well as cytoplasmic inclusions. Small secretory cells exhibited a significantly higher number of secreting vacuoles, suggesting an increased secretion. In conclusion, nanoparticles affect the development of frog embryos in multiple ways, even if the mechanisms are still mostly unknown.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 4","pages":"611-623"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145636049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148089423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Alumina, Hydroxyapatite, and Their Combination for Dental Enamel Cavity Cutting in an Air Abrasion System: An In Vitro SEM Study","authors":"Saqib Ali,&nbsp;Ahmed Talal,&nbsp;Imran Farooq","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70083","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70083","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dental air abrasion is a minimally invasive technique using abrasive particles to remove carious tooth structure. Alumina particles, commonly preferred due to their cutting efficiency, pose toxicity risks if inhaled. This study evaluated hydroxyapatite (HA) and an alumina + HA combination as alternatives to alumina for enamel cutting efficiency. Extracted human third molars with sound enamel (<i>N</i> = 30) were divided into three groups: (1) alumina 29 μm (control), (2) HA, and (3) alumina + HA. Morphological analysis of powders and cavity cutting performance were assessed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Alumina particles were coarse and angular, HA particles were rounded, and alumina + HA showed mixed morphology on SEM analysis. Cavity cutting results showed alumina produced the deepest cavities (mean: 2.5 mm), followed by alumina + HA (mean: 2.12 mm) and HA alone (mean: 0.75 mm). Statistically significant differences were detected between alumina and HA (<i>p</i> = 0.0003) and alumina + HA and HA (<i>p</i> = 0.008), but no significant differences between alumina and alumina + HA (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.99) were observed. SEM analysis of the shape of the cavities revealed cylindrical shapes for alumina and alumina + HA groups and conical shapes for the HA group. The alumina + HA combination demonstrated effective enamel cutting efficiency while the presence of HA could be potentially useful for remineralization, presenting a safer alternative to pure alumina. Further in vivo studies are recommended to validate these findings.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 3","pages":"423-429"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145280659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Microscopic Image Quality With DiffusionFormer and Crow Search Optimization","authors":"Subhash Chandra Patel,&nbsp;Rajesh N. Kamath,&nbsp;T. S. N. Murthy,&nbsp;K. Subash,&nbsp;J. Avanija,&nbsp;M. Sangeetha","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70072","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Medical Image plays a vital role in diagnosis, but noise in patient scans severely affects the accuracy and quality of images. Denoising methods are important to increase the clarity of these images, particularly in low-resource settings where current diagnostic roles are inaccessible. Pneumonia is a widespread disease that presents significant diagnostic challenges due to the high similarity between its various types and the lack of medical images for emerging variants. This study introduces a novel Diffusion with swin transformer-based Optimized Crow Search algorithm to increase the image's quality and reliability. This technique utilizes four datasets such as brain tumor MRI dataset, chest X-ray image, chest CT-scan image, and BUSI. The preprocessing steps involve conversion to grayscale, resizing, and normalization to improve image quality in medical image (MI) datasets. Gaussian noise is introduced to further enhance image quality. The method incorporates a diffusion process, swin transformer networks, and optimized crow search algorithm to improve the denoising of medical images. The diffusion process reduces noise by iteratively refining images while swin transformer captures complex image features that help differentiate between noise and essential diagnostic information. The crow search optimization algorithm fine-tunes the hyperparameters, which minimizes the fitness function for optimal denoising performance. The method is tested across four datasets, indicating its optimal effectiveness against other techniques. The proposed method achieves a peak signal-to-noise ratio of 38.47 dB, a structural similarity index measure of 98.14%, a mean squared error of 0.55, and a feature similarity index measure of 0.980, which outperforms existing techniques. These outcomes reflect that the proposed approach effectively enhances the quality of images, resulting in precise and dependable diagnoses.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 3","pages":"351-374"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145192140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrastructure of the Secondary Male Genital Organ of Platycnemis dealbata (Zygoptera: Platycnemididae)","authors":"Ali Miroglu,&nbsp;Ali Salur,&nbsp;Zekiye Suludere","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70089","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, the secondary male genitalia of <i>Platycnemis dealbata</i> Selys in Selys &amp; Hagen, 1850 was examined for the first time using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The research revealed the ultrastructural features and various sensory structures of these organs. Two main types of sensilla were identified in the secondary genital organ: putative chemical sensilla and hair sensilla that detect mechanical stimuli. The study examined structures such as the ligula head, anterior and posterior hamuli, lamina anterior, and lamina batilliformes in detail. Four projections were observed on the ligula head, and it has been suggested that these projections play a role in sperm transport. Additionally, the hair sensilla on the sternum assist in detecting contact with the female and in anchoring during mating. This research compared the genital structure of <i>P. dealbata</i> with other <i>Platycnemis</i> species and revealed some similarities and differences. The study contributes to our knowledge of the reproductive biology and evolutionary adaptations of the Odonata taxon by presenting new hypotheses about the functions of these complex structures.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 3","pages":"538-545"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145431839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive Structural Characterization of the Esophageo-Gastric Tube in the Hooded Crow (Corvus cornix): Histological, Histochemical, and Ultrastructural Insights","authors":"Fatma A. Madkour,&nbsp;Elsayed S. I. Mohammed,&nbsp;Mohammed Al-Rasheed,&nbsp;Fatma Abdelhakeem","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70086","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70086","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The esophagus and stomach of nine adult healthy hooded crows (<i>Corvus cornix</i>) were collected for light and scanning electron microscopes (SEM) as well as histomorphometric analysis. SEM showed that the esophageal mucosa has round-shaped gland openings, extending to its junction with the proventriculus. The proventriculus luminal surface had roughly circular gland openings surrounded by simple mucosal folds that appeared as raised tubular structures. A cuticle at the proventricular–gizzard junction was present. The gizzard cuticle appeared as thread-like rods, while the tubular gastric glands resembled broccoli sprouts. Histologically, the esophageal mucosa exhibited argyrophilic endocrine cells within both the lining epithelium and glandular epithelium. Numerous telocytes surrounded the secretory acini of the superficial and deep proventricular glands and encircled blood vessels in the lamina propria. Columnar to cuboidal (oxynticopeptic) cells were abundant in the deep proventricular glands. The most superficial epithelial cells of the gizzard contained excessive metachromatic granules. Telocytes were detected around the glandular secretory acini within the lamina propria and muscle fibers of the gizzard. The results of the current study suggest that the esophageo-gastric tube histomorphology in hooded crows revealed some characteristics that might be attributed to adaptation to a diverse urban and rural diet.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 3","pages":"520-537"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145391550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Extender and Packaging Devices on Ultrastructural Changes and Reproductive Index of Cryopreserved Spermatozoa of Ossimi Rams","authors":"Ahmed I. Yousif,&nbsp;Wael A. Khalil,&nbsp;Abdel-Khalek E. Abdel-Khalek,&nbsp;Bedir E. El-Saidy,&nbsp;Sameh A. Abdelnour","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70077","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sperm cryopreservation is a critical technique for improving the efficacy of artificial insemination in sheep breeding programs. This study evaluated the effects of different extenders and packaging methods on post-thaw ram sperm quality, ultrastructure, and potential reproductive performance. Semen was collected from five healthy Ossimi rams and extended using three cryopreservation media: Tris-egg yolk (Tris-EY), Tris supplemented with 1% soybean lecithin (Tris-SBL), or Tris supplemented with 2 mM butylated hydroxytoluene (Tris-BHT). The extended semen was then packaged in either plastic straws or pellets and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. Post-thaw sperm quality was assessed by evaluating progressive motility, viability, and membrane integrity. Sperm ultrastructure was examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and reproductive index. A two-way ANOVA analysis was used to study the effects of the extender and the method of packing. Cryopreservation using straws significantly improved post-thaw sperm quality compared to pellets, demonstrating higher progressive motility (<i>p</i> = 0.003), viability (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001), and membrane integrity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). However, neither the packaging method nor the extender type significantly affected the plasma membrane status, acrosome integrity, or mitochondrial, tail, and nuclear damage (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). Ultrastructural analysis confirmed that straws, regardless of the extender used (Tris-EY, Tris-SBL, or Tris-BHT), effectively preserved sperm ultrastructure, including the nucleus, head, acrosome, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. The methods of packaged and extender types did not significantly affect the conception rate and litter size in sheep (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.05). However, it is worth noting that Tris-SBL in straws had the highest conception rate (85.7%) and litter size (1.5 per ewe), while Tris-BHT in pellets had the lowest values (71.4% and 1.2, respectively). This study confirmed that plastic straw packaging significantly improved post-thaw sperm quality. While Tris-EY showed higher reproductive performance, further research is needed to establish statistical significance in pregnancy rates and litter size.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 3","pages":"481-495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145368297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Lymph Node Metastasis in Thyroid Cancer Using Deep Learning and Second Harmonic Generation Imaging","authors":"Han Wu,&nbsp;Qiuyan He,&nbsp;Zhiyan Luo,&nbsp;Zhihui Chen,&nbsp;Xuedi Mao,&nbsp;Junyang Luo,&nbsp;Guangxing Wang,&nbsp;Gangqin Xi,&nbsp;Jun Zhang,&nbsp;Shuangmu Zhuo","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70082","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70082","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most prevalent type of thyroid cancer, with a significant proportion of patients being susceptible to lymph node metastasis (LNM). The presence of LNM has been shown to accelerate tumor progression. Existing diagnostic approaches, such as ultrasonography and postoperative pathological analysis, exhibit limited sensitivity in detecting non-metastatic cases, thus undermining subsequent treatment planning. In this investigation, an innovative automated quantitative histological classification framework called the Automatic Thyroid Cancer Lymph Node Metastasis Classification Network (AutoThyroLNMNet) is introduced, which integrates Second-harmonic generation (SHG) imaging technology with deep learning to detect LNM in thyroid cancer. A combined model was constructed utilizing the Pyramid Vision Transformer v2 (PVTv2) as the backbone of the deep learning architecture and incorporating a multi-layer perceptron to fuse deep learning outputs, pathological information, and the two categories of collagen features. The models demonstrated a strong performance on training sets, with the highest efficacy achieved for the model that incorporated 3D texture features, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.99. These results suggest that AutoThyroLNMNet is capable of automatically and quantitatively classifying lymph node metastasis in thyroid cancer, offering a novel and effective tool for the precise detection of LNM.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 3","pages":"375-385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145232969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}