Microscopy Research and Technique最新文献

{"title":"Optimizing Detection Schemes for Broadband Pump-Probe Microscopy","authors":"Kendall Benton,&nbsp;Emma Orcutt,&nbsp;Skyler Hollinbeck,&nbsp;Erik M. Grumstrup","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70092","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70092","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although similar to more commonly implemented single wavelength approaches, broadband pump-probe or transient absorption microscopy presents unique experimental challenges due to the simultaneous requirements of a broadband probe pulse and a small sample volume. Here we provide an in-depth analysis of broadband detection schemes and their common noise sources to provide strategies for balancing the conflicting needs of high sensitivity and low probe fluence. We show that broadband pump-probe microscopy is atypically sensitive to laser shot noise and therefore, low pump on/off modulation frequencies, on the order of 100 s of Hz to a few kHz, are essential to measure small (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>~</mo>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mn>10</mn>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>3</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mn>10</mn>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>4</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </semantics></math>) amplitude transient spectra while remaining in the perturbative limit.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 4","pages":"551-556"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12997396/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145452252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Method for Lignin Analysis in Wood by Fluorescence Microscopy","authors":"Josy Tainara Silva Silva,&nbsp;Silvino Intra Moreira,&nbsp;Jordão Cabral Moulin","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70095","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70095","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Native Amazonian species present high anatomical variation which is reflected in their lignin content. This study tested different lignin fluorescence treatments and fluorescence intensity processing methods in native Amazonian woods. Validating the fluorescence technique for lignin analysis included relating the total wood lignin content to the fluorescence intensity emitted by lignin in histological sections. Seven native Amazonian species were analyzed. Wood lignin content was obtained by the Klason method. Four treatments were used for fluorescence in the histological sections: autofluorescence (in natura and without extractives), basic fuchsin and Mäule. Images obtained with the fluorescence microscope were processed using <i>ImageJ</i>, applying three different methodologies to obtain fluorescence intensity—two using an integrated density formula and one automatically. Autofluorescence was the most effective treatment for relating fluorescence intensity and lignin content on a slide without extractive, especially when analyzed automatically (Method 3). It showed the second highest coefficient of determination (<i>R</i>² = 76.22%) and correlation (<i>r</i> = 0.87), and better performance due to its automation in <i>ImageJ</i>, ensuring speed, reproducibility and result standardization. Results indicate the reliability and safety of fluorescence analysis for studying lignin at the cellular level.</p>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 4","pages":"578-589"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12997385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145564430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analyzes of Micromorphology and Elemental Composition of Pollen of Three Types of Male Sterile Lines in Brassica napus L. by SEM-EDS","authors":"Ruihong Chen,&nbsp;Zinan Zhang,&nbsp;Shuhua Huang,&nbsp;Xiaodong Cao,&nbsp;Shihao Wei,&nbsp;Xiaoguang Zhao,&nbsp;Yanfeng Zhang","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70090","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70090","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To elucidate the characteristics of pollen abortion in male sterile lines, scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive x-ray spectrometry technology analysis (SEM-EDS) was employed to compare and analyze the morphological structure and mineral element content of pollen of 219A cytoplasmic male sterile line and double haploid DH01A male sterile line, as well as those induced by chemical hybridization agent SQ-1 male sterility in <i>Brassica napus</i>. The results showed that the pollen grains of the three types of male sterile lines all exhibited distinct irregular abortions. Among these, the physiological male sterile pollen induced by SQ-1 was the smallest average size of 320.14 ± 59.63 μm², with severe pollen deformities and the highest pollen abortion rate. The pollen grains of the DH01A male sterile line were smaller with a size of 451.38 ± 9.70 μm² and exhibited a deformed elliptical shape. The pollen grains of the 219A male sterile line had an average size of 633.94 ± 16.82 μm², which showed a relatively small difference in size compared to the fertile line, but the pollen was deformed and twisted into a long spherical shape. Moreover, the pollen exine sculpturing of all three types of sterile lines showed different degrees of damage to the reticular structure, perforation disruption, deformity and reduction in the number of colpi, and accumulation of granules in the perforation. These phenomena may be the causes of male sterility and abortion in rapeseed. Meanwhile, the EDS analysis of mineral elements in three types of male sterile lines indicated that the content of calcium (Ca) was significantly higher than that in the normal fertile line, while potassium (K) levels were lower in all three types of male sterile lines than in the fertile line. Additionally, magnesium (Mg) enrichment was detected in the pollen of the SQ-1 induced male sterile line, whereas Mg was not detected on the outer wall of the pollen from the genetic male sterile lines 219A and DH01A. Notably, sulfur (S) was only present in the genetic male sterile lines 219A and DH01A. These results suggested that there were significant differences in the morphological characteristics, elemental composition and content of pollen grains among different types of male sterility. These findings provide a foundation for elucidating the mechanisms underlying pollen abortion in male sterile lines.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 4","pages":"624-636"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145649019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-Dimensional Ultrastructural Characterization of Fibroblastic/Stromal Cell Processes in Mouse Ureteral Lamina Propria by FE-SEM Array Tomography","authors":"Wiphawi Hipkaeo,&nbsp;Keisuke Ohta,&nbsp;Hisatake Kondo","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70102","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70102","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>3D-reconstruction analysis by array tomography using FE-SEM was applied to fibroblasts/stromal cells localized close to the epithelial base in the lamina propria of the ureter of normal adult mice. The cell processes of 0.3 μm and smaller in size, which extended away from their somata and appeared as extremely thin threads under phase-contrast light microscopy, were revealed in ultrastructural 3D to largely consist of filmy sheet-like structures. However, their tip portions measuring 0.1 μm and smaller in size were actually thread-formed and directly contacted with the epithelial basal lamina. In the present study, such thin processes taking filmy sheet forms were tentatively termed “secondary processes,” distinct from processes protruding from their somata, which were termed “primary processes.” The actual end portions were termed “tertiary processes”. The functional significance of these sheet-like cell processes is discussed. Possible reasons why such sheet-formed features of processes of fibroblastic/subepithelial stromal cells have been previously overlooked are also described.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 4","pages":"677-683"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145724701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epigallocatechin-Gallate Methacrylate as a Novel Addition to Pit and Fissure Sealants: An In Vitro Analysis of Physical Properties and Microscopy","authors":"Alyssa Teixeira Obeid,&nbsp;Marilia Mattar Amoêdo Campos Velo,&nbsp;Karin Landmayer,&nbsp;Daniela Alvim Chrisostomo,&nbsp;Carlos Alberto Spironelli Ramos,&nbsp;Rafael Francisco Lia Mondelli,&nbsp;Paulo Henrique dos Santos,&nbsp;Anuradha Prakki,&nbsp;Juliana Fraga Soares Bombonatti","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70091","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To enhance the longevity of resin sealants on the occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth, improvements are needed in antibacterial properties, mechanical resistance, and bond strength to enamel. This study investigated the effectiveness of incorporating epigallocatechin-gallate methacrylate (EGCG-M) into a pit and fissure sealant (SEAL, PacSeal) by assessing its penetration depth, degree of conversion, color properties, and surface morphology. Thirty blocks of bovine enamel were divided into three groups: SEAL (control), SEAL with neat EGCG (E0), and SEAL with EGCG-M. Analyses were conducted including penetration depth with confocal microscopy, degree of conversion using FTIR-ATR, color analysis using CIELab, and surface morphology via 3D laser microscope. The EGCG-M group exhibited the highest degree of conversion (44.9% ± 2.1%) compared to the SEAL (41.7% ± 2.1%) and E0 (42.1% ± 1.1%) groups (<i>p</i> = 0.040). Deeper penetration was observed in the EGCG-M group (9.7 ± 10 μm), followed by SEAL (−0.1 ± 12.2 μm) and E0 (−5.3 ± 9.7 μm) groups (<i>p</i> = 0.002). Although no significant difference was found in <i>L</i>* (lightness) coordinate values between the groups (<i>p</i> = 0.060), the EGCG-M group exhibited a more heterogeneous surface. Therefore, incorporating EGCG methacrylate into the sealant improved the degree of conversion and penetration capability without notable changes in color.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 4","pages":"557-564"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145513499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 4","pages":"549-550"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148062440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Different Pulse Current Parameters on the Formability of 2A97-T3 Al-Li Alloy","authors":"Peng Zhang,&nbsp;Zhiyang He,&nbsp;Jian Ning,&nbsp;Liying Zhang,&nbsp;Zhiteng Zhang,&nbsp;Qingpeng Ding,&nbsp;Huiting Wang","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70096","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70096","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Al-Li alloy has the advantages of low density, high specific strength, good weldability, good fracture toughness, strong fatigue crack propagation resistance, and excellent corrosion resistance. However, the plasticity of Al-Li alloy is poor at room temperature, so it formability is not ideal. In order to solve the problem, the electric pulse-assisted forming test is carried out on the 2A97-T3 Al-Li alloy to explore the forming properties. The mechanism of the forming perfoemance is revealed by the stress-strain curve macroscopically and the microstructure morphology microscopically. The results show that the Joule heating effect and the electron wind effect are generated in electric pulse-assisted forming. As a result, the yield strength and the tensile strength of the 2A97-T3 Al-Li alloy are significantly reduced. The Joule heating effect is enhanced due to the large pulse current intensity at the necking part, which can easily cause overburning. The grain size increases due to overburning. The elongation at break decreases significantly. After conducting a certain number of electric pulse-assisted forming tests, the appropriate processing parameters are obtained as follows: the pulse current intensity is 450 A, the duty cycle is 60.0%, the frequency is 50 Hz, and the forming rate is 0.001 s⁻¹. The yield strength of Al-Li alloy is 89 MPa, and the elongation to fracture is 13.2% under that condition. The formability is obviously improved. Besides, the dynamic recovery and the dynamic recrystallization of the alloy occur.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 4","pages":"652-662"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145678099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light and Electron Microscopic Investigations of the Morphology of the Salivary Glands, Digestive Tract and Malpighian Tubules of the Aquatic Bug, Nepa cinerea Linnaeus, 1758 (Hemiptera: Nepidae)","authors":"Nurcan Özyurt Koçakoğlu,&nbsp;Hicret Arslan,&nbsp;Ramona Babosová,&nbsp;Hakan Özdamar,&nbsp;Selami Candan,&nbsp;Michaela Urbanová","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70100","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70100","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The morphological characteristics of the internal systems in insects are considered important for understanding their biology. This research reports the morphological structures of the salivary glands, digestive tract, and Malpighian tubules of <i>Nepa cinerea</i>, an aquatic predatory insect, using light and scanning electron microscopies. The salivary gland is structurally complex and consists of a paired principal and accessory salivary glands and ducts. The former are small anterior and larger posterior lobes. The accessory salivary gland has both vesicular and tubular structures. The digestive system is divided into three main regions: foregut (pharynx, esophagus), midgut (ventriculus 1, 2, 3), and hindgut (ileum, rectum). The foregut is surrounded by a cuticular intima, a single layer of squamous epithelium with flattened nuclei, and a muscle layer. The midgut consists of a single layer of columnar epithelial cells characterized by chromatin-dense nuclei and a striated border. The epithelium is supported by the basal membrane. The muscles are external to the epithelium. Regenerative cells are located in the base of the epithelial folds. The hindgut is lined with an intima, a single layered epithelium and a muscle layer. Four Malpighian tubules connect at the junction between the midgut and hindgut. These structures are composed of cuboidal epithelial cells characterized by secretion granules, densely packed chromatin in the nuclei, and an apical striated brush border. These findings offer valuable baseline data for future morphological, physiological, and phylogenetic studies on aquatic Hemiptera and contribute to a deeper understanding of insect internal anatomy.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 4","pages":"600-610"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145605021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Training Counteracts Mitochondrial Alterations in Myoblasts and Myotubes Derived From Muscle Satellite Cells of Old Mice: An In Vitro Ultrastructural Study","authors":"Barbara Cisterna,&nbsp;Anna Dal Pero,&nbsp;Carlo Zancanaro,&nbsp;Manuela Malatesta","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70097","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70097","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Skeletal muscle is a complex organ that undergoes aging through a multifactorial process leading to muscle atrophy and strength reduction. Mitochondrial dysfunctions prove to be a critical contributor to skeletal muscle aging, affecting the regenerative functions and differentiation of muscle satellite cells (MuSCs). Physical exercise is a nonpharmacological approach that positively affects mitochondrial functions, promoting increased mitochondrial biogenesis, enzyme activities, and respiration in the aging skeletal muscle. By means of morphological and morphometrical analyses at transmission electron microscopy, this in vitro study identified the fine structural modifications induced in mitochondria of MuSC-derived myoblasts by a long-term adapted physical exercise applied to old mice, and verified the persistence of the exercise-driven changes in the myoblast-derived myotubes. In myoblasts, physical exercise decreased mitochondrial volume while increasing mitochondrial elongation and cristae extension in comparison to the sedentary condition, a mitochondrial remodeling suggestive of higher functionality. In myotubes, physical exercise increased mitochondrial volume and decreased cristae extension, partially reverting the age-associated alterations. These findings demonstrate that physical exercise administered in elderly exerts positive effects on mitochondria of the progeny of resident MuSCs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 4","pages":"590-599"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145604975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Automated High-Throughput Digital Microscopy With Deep Learning for Enhanced Blood Smear Imaging","authors":"Arunnagiri Arasappan Murugesan,&nbsp;Sasikala Mohan,&nbsp;Barath Parthiban","doi":"10.1002/jemt.70101","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jemt.70101","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A microscope is essential in scientific and medical research, enabling the magnification of specimens too small for the naked eye. The conventional method of acquisition of images requires pathologists or technicians to manually focus the microscope and examine one slide at a time, making the process tedious, especially in health emergencies. However, manual focusing in traditional microscopes often leads to human errors, image drift, and fatigue. Therefore, the work aims to design and develop an automated high-throughput optical digital microscope-based device for scanning and capturing blood smear images of 10 peripheral blood smear slides sequentially in a batch, focusing on a particular field of view at an objective lens magnification of 40. Maintaining focus is especially challenging in high-magnification microscopes due to their sensitivity to vibrations, which can blur images. This study proposes an automated focusing system combining an optical assembly setup with a deep learning algorithm for real-time image acquisition. Leveraging transfer learning with pre-trained VGG-16 and Mobile Vision Transformer (ViT) models, the system overcomes the computational challenges of training CNNs from scratch. By fine-tuning the model's upper layers on a smaller dataset, it efficiently learns task-specific features while minimizing computation, time, and overfitting. The Mobile ViT model outperforms the VGG-16 model, achieving an accuracy of 99.28%, which establishes MobileViT as a more reliable and efficient model for the acquisition of well-focused images. The approach improves image sharpness, reliability, and stability, enhancing the efficiency of microscopic imaging. This advanced system offers practical solutions for biomedical imaging diagnostics and advancements in microscopy analysis.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18684,"journal":{"name":"Microscopy Research and Technique","volume":"89 4","pages":"663-676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145724763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}