Microbial Cell Factories最新文献

{"title":"Microbial synthesis and extraction of value-added metabolites by Rhodotorula toruloides from waste stream: a sustainable approach.","authors":"L A Swagatika Priyadarshini, Rashmi Kataria","doi":"10.1186/s12934-025-02752-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12934-025-02752-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rhodotorula toruloides (R. toruloides) has shown great potential for the microbiological synthesis of useful substances, including lipids and carotenoids. Through interconnected metabolic pathways, this oleaginous yeast can synthesize various carotenoids and accumulate significant amounts of lipids. The mevalonate pathway plays a crucial role in the production of these substances. R. toruloides can utilize diverse carbon sources, including waste-derived and sustainable substrates. The product yields are significantly influenced by the optimization of stress factors and culture conditions. Lipid and carotenoid extraction methods have advanced from traditional approaches to more sophisticated techniques, such as enzyme-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and supercritical fluid extraction. These modern techniques aim to minimize environmental impact while maximizing efficiency and selectivity. Genetic engineering has played a pivotal role in enhancing lipid and carotenoid accumulation in R. toruloides. These strategies involve overexpressing key biosynthetic genes, modifying regulatory elements, and introducing heterologous pathways. Such approaches have expanded the range of chemical synthesis and led to significant improvements in product yields. This study provides a comprehensive insight into the metabolic linkages between lipid and carotenoid biosynthesis, highlighting how stress factors, genetic engineering, and waste-derived substrates influence productivity. Furthermore, present review uniquely explores the role of R. toruloides in environmental bioremediation and wastewater treatment, emphasizing its potential for sustainable waste valorization. Due to its ability to synthesize valuable chemicals from a wide array of carbon sources, R. toruloides is a promising candidate for commercial applications in the feed, food, cosmetic, and biofuel industries.</p>","PeriodicalId":18582,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Cell Factories","volume":"24 1","pages":"134"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12172321/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishing Halomonas as a chassis for industrial biotechnology: advances in synthetic biology tool development and metabolic engineering strategies.","authors":"André A B Coimbra, Satya Prakash, José I Jiménez, Leonardo Rios-Solis","doi":"10.1186/s12934-025-02757-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12934-025-02757-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Halomonas species have recently emerged as promising chassis organisms for next-generation industrial biotechnology, due to their ability to thrive under high-salt conditions, where most microorganisms cannot survive. This feature minimizes contamination risks, thus enabling cultivation under open, unsterile conditions. In addition, many Halomonas species naturally produce large amounts of the bioplastic polyhydroxybutyrate and the high-value osmolyte ectoine.</p><p><strong>Main text: </strong>This review explores the development of genetic manipulation tools and their pivotal role in establishing the genus Halomonas as an industrial chassis. Key additions to the synthetic biology toolbox, including cloning vectors, genetic parts, and genome editing systems are highlighted, along with challenges faced for their adoption, such as difficulties in transformation. In addition, we showcase how these tools have been employed for the development of more robust, high-producing strains through metabolic engineering, as well as for expanding the portfolio of target metabolites produced by Halomonas.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Recent developments in synthetic biology tools and metabolic engineering highlighted in this review underscore the potential of Halomonas for large scale metabolite production and provide a promising outlook towards their role as a microbial chassis in industrial biotechnology.</p>","PeriodicalId":18582,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Cell Factories","volume":"24 1","pages":"133"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12164125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144285483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and heterologous expression of an NRPS biosynthetic gene cluster responsible for the production of the pyrazinones Ichizinone A, B and C.","authors":"Patrick Oberhäuser, Maksym Myronovskyi, Marc Stierhof, Oleksandr Gromyko, Andriy Luzhetskyy","doi":"10.1186/s12934-025-02753-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12934-025-02753-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pyrazinones are a growing family of microbial NRPS-derived natural products showing interesting biological activities. These compounds are characterized by the presence of either a di- or trisubstituted heterocyclic, nonaromatic 2(1 H)-pyrazinone core in their structure. The most commonly occurring disubstituted pyrazinone natural products are synthesized through a dipeptide intermediate, which is further cyclized to yield the pyrazinone moiety. Trisubstituted pyrazinones are seldom found in natural products, with JBIR56 and JBIR57, isolated from marine Streptomyces, being notable examples. In contrast to the simply organized disubstituted pyrazinones, JBIR56 and JBIR57 are syn-thesized as tetrapeptides with unnatural beta-amino acid residue involved in the for-mation of the pyrazinone moiety. Despite interesting structural features, biosynthetic routes leading to the production of these compounds have not been reported yet. Here we report the discovery of new members of trisubstituted pyrazinone family- tetrapeptides ichizinones A-C in Streptomyces sp. LV45-129. Through sequence analysis and heterologous expression, a biosynthetic gene cluster encoding ichizinone production was identified. Based on gene annotation and sequence homology, a biosynthetic model was suggested. The presented results provide insights into the biosynthesis of rare trisubstituted pyrazinone natural products.</p>","PeriodicalId":18582,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Cell Factories","volume":"24 1","pages":"131"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12144821/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin K (Menaquinone) from marine Kocuria sp. RAM1: optimization, characterization and potential in vitro biological activities.","authors":"Rasha A Metwally, Nermeen A El-Sersy, Amany El Sikaily, Soraya A Sabry, Hanan A Ghozlan","doi":"10.1186/s12934-025-02751-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12934-025-02751-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Menaquinone (MK), which is also known as vitamin K2, is a kind of lipoquinone that, unlike humans, is biosynthesized in bacteria through a series of steps as a necessary component of their respiratory chain for electron transport among various components of the bacterial cell membrane. MKs are receiving increasing attention as they play several essential biological roles in humans.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, MK was obtained from Kocuria sp. RAM1, characterized using UV absorbance, and validated using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-QTOF-MS). The chemical characterization revealed a total of six MK analogues that were identified and confirmed as MK-1, MK-3, MK-5 (H2), MK-7 (H6), MK-8 (H2), and MK-9. Subsequent to the execution of a significant optimization model, a total KMs of 394.69 µg/ml was obtained, with the MK-1 analog being the dominant one. The antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, and wound-healing activities of MKs were evaluated in vitro. As a result, we discovered that MKs have promising findings on the tested in vitro activities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study was made to evaluate MKs obtained from the Red Sea Kocuria sp. RAM1 to emphasize their significant role in different biological applications. Therefore, from a therapeutic and medicinal perspective, the extracted MKs are interesting for additional in vivo studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18582,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Cell Factories","volume":"24 1","pages":"132"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12145650/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eliminating viscosity challenges in continuous cultivation of yeast producing a GLP-1 like peptide.","authors":"Ioannis Voulgaris, Anders Nygaard Nielsen, Tine Petersen, Sanne Jensen","doi":"10.1186/s12934-025-02745-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12934-025-02745-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The emergence of GLP-1s for the treatment of diabetes, obesity and other diseases has led to increased focus on finding efficient ways to produce the peptides in sufficient amounts to satisfy the ever-increasing demand. Although the use of microbial hosts constitutes the cheapest, easiest and safest way to produce these peptides in high volumes, process challenges still exist that reduce the production capacity. One of the main production challenges is the high viscosity of cultivation broths, which reduces the mass and oxygen transfer, thereby creating substrate and oxygen gradients that potentially lead to unwanted secondary metabolism and eventually compromises capacity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The methodology used to identify the underlying factors of highly viscous broths during the recombinant production of GLP-1 precursors in S. cerevisiae in continuous cultivation is presented. Two root causes leading to highly viscous broths were uncovered and solutions identified. The first one is found in the soluble fraction of the broth and relates to the aggregation of GLP-1 precursor molecules that leads to highly viscous, shear thinning cultivation broths. The cultivation conditions under which the aggregation occurs and the consequences for both cultivation and product recovery are discussed. The second source of viscosity is found in the insoluble fraction of the cultivation broth and relates to cell aggregation due to Amn1p dependent incomplete separation of mother and daughter cells. This type of cell aggregation causes formation of cell clumps and leads to high viscosity cultivation broths with mild shear thickening properties.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To eliminate the GLP-1 peptide related viscosity, a new generation of yeast host strains that tolerates cultivation at increased pH values, above those that cause GLP-1 precursor aggregation, were utilized. In the case of the cell derived viscosity, yeast strains carrying either a deletion of the AMN1 gene or integration of the non-clumping AMN1^D368V gene variant were employed. The implementation of these changes led to a scalable cultivation process characterized by a significant improved oxygen mass transfer attributed to the low viscosity and Newtonian behaviour of the cultivation broth.</p>","PeriodicalId":18582,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Cell Factories","volume":"24 1","pages":"130"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12142998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic photocatalytic and biomedical applications of Ag₂O-immobilized Bacillus subtilis-hyaluronic acid.","authors":"Sikander Ali, Hijab Zahra, Muhammad Usman Ahmad, Amany A Abdel-Rheem, Muhammad Afzaal, Rab Nawaz, Bakar Bin Khatab Abbasi, Ali Irfan, Yousef A Bin Jardan","doi":"10.1186/s12934-025-02750-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12934-025-02750-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study reports the synthesis of hyaluronic acid-coated silver oxide (Ag₂O) nano-adsorbents using Bacillus subtilis PV154141.1 for dual environmental and biomedical applications. Multiple parameters were optimized for the formation and constancy of HA-Ag₂O nano-adsorbents, including silver nitrate (AgNO₃) concentration and reaction time. Several characterization techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy were employed to determine the structural properties, morphology, and elemental composition of the synthesized HA-Ag₂O nano-adsorbents. XRD pattern confirmed the presence of Ag₂O nano-adsorbents by showing peaks having hkl values of 110, 111, 200, 220, 311, and 222, located at 2θ values of roughly 26.46°, 32.55°, 37.76°, 54.48°, 64.92° and 68.19°, respectively. SEM analysis indicated a mean particle size of 193.93 ± 0.23 nm for the nano-adsorbents, while EDX confirmed their elemental composition. The optimized nano-adsorbents were subjected to various applications, including the antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, and photocatalytic dye degradation efficiency. The antibacterial activity of HA-Ag₂O nano-adsorbents was evaluated against gram-negative (E. coli) and gram-positive (S. aureus, Lactobacillus spp.) pathogens, demonstrating broad-spectrum efficacy. The highest activity was observed against S. aureus (8 ± 0.4 mm inhibition zone), underscoring their potential to treat drug-resistent infections. Additionally, the antioxidant capacity, evaluated using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, exhibited a radical scavenging activity of 84.36 ± 0.44%. Under UV irradiation (λ = 365 nm), the HA-Ag₂O nano-adsorbents achieved 82.28% degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye within 120 min, demonstrating robust photocatalytic activity. Unlike conventional Ag₂O systems, these biohybrid nano-adsorbents combine the photocatalytic efficiency of Ag₂O with the biocompatibility and biofilm-inhibiting properties of microbially-derived HA, enabling dual functionality not achieved in single-component systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18582,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Cell Factories","volume":"24 1","pages":"129"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12135571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new Clonostachys Sp. ZBS49 filamentous fungus with high production of betulinic acid and its inhibitory effect on liver cancer cells.","authors":"Luran Geng, Jiale Cui, Changyixin Xiao, Linlin Xu, Fengjiao Yue, Ting Zhang, Mengran Zhan, Zichang Lu, Yuzhe Ren, Chunsheng Wang, Jing Yin","doi":"10.1186/s12934-025-02733-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12934-025-02733-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Triterpenoid compounds such as betulinic acid (BA) and oleanolic acid (OA) exhibit considerable pharmacological activities. However, their current production primarily relies on plant extraction and chemical synthesis, methods that are often plagued by low efficiency, complex extraction processes, and environmental concerns. Microbial-based synthesis has emerged as one of the most effective approaches for producing BA and OA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study presented the first identification of filamentous fungal strains efficiently synthesizing both BA and OA. The strain ZBS49 is a newly identified species of Clonostachys isolated from Gleditsia japonica Miq. (showing 99.82% sequence identity), produced 47.7 mg/L of BA. The strain XJ1-1, characterized as Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and isolated from Cannabis sativa L., yielded 65.76 mg/L of OA. After optimizing the culture medium and cultivation conditions, the yields of ZBS49 and XJ1-1 increased to 288.97 and 86.14 mg/L, representing improvements of 506% and 31%, respectively. Furthermore, we discovered that the BA extract of the ZBS49 strain significantly inhibited hepatocellular cancer cells (SMMC-7721 and HepG2) in a dose-dependent manner, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 70 µM. Genomic analysis of Clonostachys sp. ZBS49 elucidated that the presence of 16 putative genes was related to triterpenoid biosynthesis and 6 distinct terpene biosynthetic gene clusters. Among the 145 CYP450, 5 genes involved in C-28 oxidation were predicted.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This research underscores the effectiveness of filamentous fungi as a biotechnological platform for the efficient production of BA and its derivatives, highlighting their potential applications in cancer therapy. Furthermore, these findings provide valuable genetic resources and establish a robust technical and theoretical framework for utilizing ZBS49 as a microbial platform for the biosynthesis of triterpenoids.</p>","PeriodicalId":18582,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Cell Factories","volume":"24 1","pages":"128"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12131783/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144208962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic approach for dissecting promoters and designing transform systems in microalgae.","authors":"Qinhua Gan, Xinjun Yu, Xiang Jiang, Xingwei Huang, Yi Xin, Yandu Lu","doi":"10.1186/s12934-025-02700-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12934-025-02700-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18582,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Cell Factories","volume":"24 1","pages":"127"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12121064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144181492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic engineering of E. coli K-12 for heterologous carbohydrate antigen production.","authors":"Caixia Li, Hongxu Zha, Ziyan Jiao, Keyan Wei, Huaiyu Gao, Feiyi Lai, Zuoyong Zhou, Hongyan Luo, Pei Li","doi":"10.1186/s12934-025-02749-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12934-025-02749-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carbohydrate-based vaccines have made a remarkable impact on public health over the past three decades. Efficient production of carbohydrate antigens is a crucial prerequisite for the development of such vaccines. The enzymes involved in the synthesis of bacterial surface carbohydrate antigens are usually encoded by large, uninterrupted gene clusters. Non-pathogenic E. coli glycoengineering starts with the genetic manipulation of these clusters. Heterologous gene cluster recombination through an expression plasmid has several drawbacks, including continuous antibiotic selection pressure, genetic instability, and metabolic burdens. In contrast, chromosome-level gene cluster expression can minimize the metabolic effects on the host and reduce industrial costs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, we employed the suicide vector-mediated allelic exchange method to directly replace the native polysaccharide gene clusters in E. coli with heterologous ones. Unlike previously strategies, this method does not rely on I-SceI endonuclease or CRISPR/Cas system to release the linearized DNA insert and λ-red recombinase to promote its homologous recombination. Meanwhile, the vectors could be conveniently constructed by assembling multiple large DNA fragments in order in vitro. The scarless chromosomal insertions were confirmed by whole-genome sequencing and the polysaccharide phenotypes of all glycoengineered E. coli mutants were evaluated through growth curves, silver staining, western blot, and flow cytometry. The data indicated that there was no obvious metabolic burden associated with the insertion of large gene clusters into the E. coli W3110 O-antigen locus, and the glycoengineered E. coli can produce LPS with a recovery rate around 1% of the bacterial dry weight. Moreover, the immunogenicity of the heterologously expressed carbohydrate antigens was analyzed by mice immunization experiments. The ELISA data demonstrated the successful induction of anti-polysaccharide IgM or IgG antibodies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We have provided a convenient and reliable genomic glycoengineering method to produce efficacious, durable, and cost-effective carbohydrate antigens in non-pathogenic E. coli. Non-pathogenic E. coli glycoengineering has great potential for the highly efficient synthesis of heterologous polysaccharides and can serve as a versatile platform to produce next-generation biomedical agents, including glycoconjugate vaccines, glycoengineered minicells or outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), polysaccharide-based diagnostic reagents, and more.</p>","PeriodicalId":18582,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Cell Factories","volume":"24 1","pages":"126"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12121013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144174221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating the kinetics and mechanisms of tetramethrin biodegradation by the fungal strain Neocosmospora sp. AF3.","authors":"Wen-Juan Chen, Xiaofang Luo, Xuanrui Zhang, Kalpana Bhatt, Shao-Fang Chen, Mohamed A Ghorab, Xiaofan Zhou, Yaohua Huang","doi":"10.1186/s12934-025-02747-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12934-025-02747-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tetramethrin is a common pyrethroid insecticide, but there is limited knowledge about its degradation kinetics and mechanisms. In this study, a novel fungal strain, Neocosmospora sp. AF3, was obtained from pesticide-contaminated fields and was shown to be highly effective for degrading tetramethrin and other widely used pyrethroids. The AF3 strain completely removed 10 mg/L of tetramethrin from mineral salt medium in 9 days. The first-order kinetic analysis indicated that the degradation rate constant of the AF3 strain on 50 mg/L tetramethrin was 0.2835 d^-1 (per day), and the half-life was 2.45 days. A response surface model analysis showed that the optimal degradation conditions for the AF3 strain are a temperature of 33.37 ℃, pH of 7.97, and inoculation amount of 0.22 g/L dry weight. The Andrews nonlinear fitting results suggested that the optimal concentration of tetramethrin metabolized by the AF3 strain is 12.6073 mg/L, and the q_max, K_i, and K_s values were 0.9919 d^-1, 20.1873 mg/L, and 7.8735 mg/L, respectively. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis indicated that N-hydroxymethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalimide, chrysanthemic acid and tetrahydrophthalimide are the main intermediates involved in the metabolism of tetramethrin by the AF3 strain. Furthermore, this strain was shown to effectively degrade other pyrethroid pesticides including permethrin, beta-cypermethrin, chlorempenthrin, fenvalerate, D-cyphenothrin, bifenthrin, meperfluthrin, cyfluthrin, and deltamethrin within a short period, suggesting that Neocosmospora sp. AF3 can play an important role in the remediation of pyrethroid contamination. Taken together, these results shed a new light on uncovering the degradation mechanisms of tetramethrin and present useful agents for developing relevant pyrethroid bioremediation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":18582,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Cell Factories","volume":"24 1","pages":"124"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12107876/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}