Microbial Cell Factories最新文献

{"title":"Eco-friendly biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles by saprophytic Fusarium solani as a sustainable therapeutic approach for the management of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus wound infections.","authors":"Heba A Ramadan, Fatma Sonbol, Tarek El-Banna, Ahmed Kassem El-Sayed, Mohamed M El-Zahed, Engy Elekhnawy","doi":"10.1186/s12934-026-03126-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12934-026-03126-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rising prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has prompted the exploration of novel, naturally sourced therapeutic alternatives. Here, the saprophytic fungus Fusarium solani was used to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The AgNPs showed a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~ 410 nm, a zeta potential of - 42.7 mV, an average TEM diameter of 19.58 nm, and a hydrodynamic (DLS) diameter of 121.4 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.302. Against clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates, the AgNPs exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of 0.1875-0.375 mM, with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) showing a reduction in bacterial viability from 92.3% to 28.0% and TEM revealing marked ultrastructural membrane damage following treatment. In a murine MRSA wound infection model, AgNPs treatment increased wound healing from 12.33% to 95.33% and reduced bacterial load from 9.90 to 1.10 log CFU/g tissue relative to the untreated infected control, alongside significant downregulation of TNF-α, IL-6, and COX-2 expression and improved histopathological indices of tissue repair (all p < 0.05). These findings indicate that fungal-derived AgNPs possess potent antibacterial and wound-healing properties against MRSA, supporting their potential as a sustainable therapeutic candidate, although further mechanistic and translational studies are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":18582,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Cell Factories","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13675990/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RNA thermometers as temperature-dependent tools for enhanced recombinant protein production in precision fermentation.","authors":"Christina Peternell, Philipp Noll, Marius Henkel","doi":"10.1186/s12934-026-03143-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12934-026-03143-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Precision fermentation is a key technology for the future sustainable production of food proteins, bulk ingredients, and high-value recombinant products. However, process efficiency is often limited by the coupling of biomass formation and recombinant protein synthesis, leading to substantial carbon losses into non-recyclable biomass. Particularly for cost-sensitive bulk products such as food proteins, economically viable production requires highly efficient and dynamically controllable bioprocesses. RNA thermometers (RNATs) offer a promising inducer-free strategy for temperature-dependent control of recombinant protein production and dynamic bioprocess regulation, with the potential to improve carbon efficiency and product yields.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, a fluorescent reporter protein (EmGFP) under the control of a fourU (4U) RNA thermometer was evaluated in E. coli BL21 across a temperature range of 25-40 °C. Temperature-dependent regulation enabled maximal recombinant protein production at 35 °C, resulting in a 2.6-fold higher specific productivity compared to the derepressed control. The strongest RNAT-mediated regulatory effect was observed at 35.5 °C, highlighting the relevance of precise temperature control for recombinant protein production. Evaluation of altered carbon partitioning revealed a substantially increased carbon allocation toward product formation, while carbon partitioning into biomass and CO₂ remained largely unchanged. Furthermore, the product-per-acetate yield increased more than threefold at induction temperature, indicating controllable carbon partitioning and reveals potential for decoupling approaches of biomass formation from recombinant protein production.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates the successful implementation of an RNAT-controlled recombinant expression system enabling temperature-dependent regulation of protein production in E. coli. Quantitative analysis revealed controllable carbon partitioning toward recombinant protein synthesis and defined target temperatures for future process induction and switching. In contrast to conventional inducer-based systems, RNAT-mediated regulation enables dynamic control without chemical additives, supporting more resource-efficient bioprocess operation. However, fully exploiting RNAT-based process control will require advanced model-based strategies integrating temperature and feeding regimes, particularly for cost-sensitive precision fermentation processes such as food protein production. Overall, RNATs represent promising molecular control elements for future high-efficiency precision fermentation processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18582,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Cell Factories","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thraustochytrids from the Red Sea mangroves in Egypt and their abilities to produce Omega-3 fatty acids.","authors":"Mahmoud D Abdelkahar, Mahmoud S Bakhit, Ashraf F El-Baz, Mohamed A Abdel-Wahab","doi":"10.1186/s12934-026-03120-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-026-03120-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Forty-one isolates of the genus Aurantiochytrium were cultured from 32 samples collected from the Red Sea mangroves, Egypt. Cultured thraustochytrids isolated from: decaying leaves of Avicennia marina (34 isolates), decaying pneumatophores of A. marina (3 isolates), and decaying leaves of Zostera marina (4 isolates). Of the 41 strains, three strains (SUMCC 21014, SUMCC 21015, and SUMCC 21016) were selected based on both their high biomass production and high lipid content. Phylogenetic analyses based on 18 S rDNA placed the three strains within the Aurantiochytrium clade with high statistical support. The three strains were cultured on GYP broth (glucose, yeast extract, peptone) and exhibited different dry cell weights and lipid contents. Lipid profiles were determined using GC-FID analysis. Among the three studied strains, SUMCC 21016 produced the highest biomass of 2.04 g/L, the highest lipid content (0.991 g/L), and a good docosahexaenoic acid percentage (0.217 g/L). Among the three studied strains, SUMCC 21014 produced the highest percentages of DHA (30.3%) and EPA (5.45%) of the total fatty acids but its dry weight is lower than SUMCC 21016.</p>","PeriodicalId":18582,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Cell Factories","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13654210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149171369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective bio-activities of the metal nanoparticles mycosynthesized by the plants' fungal endophytes.","authors":"Adel K Madbouly, Younes M Rashad","doi":"10.1186/s12934-026-03119-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12934-026-03119-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fungal endophytes act as bio-nano factories and are favored over bacteria and plant extracts, as they secrete large quantities of proteins and enzymes, facilitating stable, efficient, and economic nanoparticle synthesis. This review highlights the advantages of plant-associated fungal endophytes as bio-factories for metal nanoparticles (MNPs) synthesis and critically examines the biological activities and potential applications of these MNPs in human health, food technology, and agriculture. Compared to chemical synthesis, biogenic MNPs are more resistant to aggregation due to the involvement of different biomolecules, including secondary metabolites, enzymes, and proteins, reducing the metal ions to form MNPs. Biosynthesis of MNPs by several fungal genera, such as Fusarium spp., Penicillium spp., and Aspergillus spp., enables alleviation of the undesirable cytotoxicity and increased stability. In the food industry, MNPs play substantial roles in inhibiting browning and preventing food contamination. In agriculture, they act as herbicides, fungicides, pesticides, and plant growth promoters. Field application trials of these MNPs are recommended before their manipulation as a control strategy. In medicine, MNPs behave as antimicrobials, drug-delivery, antioxidants, and anticancer agents. They are applied in ophthalmology to facilitate drug delivery onto the site of infection via the improvement of targeted delivery. MNPs have demonstrated anticancer potency against cancer cell lines; however, they may also display cytotoxicity against the normal cells, especially at small sizes. However, at low pH, release of Ag⁺‏ ions from AgNPs increases, where such information may aid in reducing the toxicity of the AgNPs. Conjugation of MNPs and antimicrobials has shown synergistic efficacy against the microbial resistance compared to the antimicrobials alone, reducing the development of antimicrobial resistance and decreasing the duration and the dose requirements of antimicrobial treatments. Nevertheless, comprehensive toxicological, pharmacokinetic, environmental, field, and in vivo studies are required before widespread application. The novelty of this review lies in spotting the light on the useful role of fungal endophytes as bio-factories for MNPs biosynthesis and emphasizing the promising applications of these MNPs in human health, food technology, and sustainable agricultural disease management, while highlighting the challenges and research priorities required for their safe and effective translation from laboratory studies to practical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":18582,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Cell Factories","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13670673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Antimicrobial and antiproliferative activity of biosynthesized manganese nanocomposite with natural derivative originated by endophytic Aspergillus terreus.","authors":"Nashwa El-Gazzar, Reem Farouk, Nervana S Diab, Gamal Rabie, Basel Sitohy","doi":"10.1186/s12934-026-03117-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12934-026-03117-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18582,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Cell Factories","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149147778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: Production and bioprocessing of epothilone B from Aspergillus niger, an endophyte of Latania loddegesii, with a conceivable biosynthetic stability: anticancer, anti-wound healing activities and cell cycle analysis.","authors":"Sara Refaat, Eman Fikry, Nora Tawfeek, Ashraf S A El-Sayed, Maher M El-Domiaty, Azza M El-Shafae","doi":"10.1186/s12934-026-03139-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12934-026-03139-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18582,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Cell Factories","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13647797/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149127707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increasing pH leads to more efficient production of polyhydroxyalkanoates from volatile fatty acids using Cupriavidus necator H16.","authors":"Steven Leonhardt, Birk Achenbach, Pravesh Tamang, Günter E M Tovar, Susanne Zibek","doi":"10.1186/s12934-026-03135-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12934-026-03135-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are increasingly recognized as valuable feedstocks for the sustainable production of industrial chemicals in the context of a sustainable bioeconomy. However, their weak acidic character contributes to microbial toxicity. At lower pH values, VFAs predominantly occur in their undissociated form, which can permeate the cell membrane, disturb intracellular metabolism and increase the cellular energy burden. In this study, we investigated the effect of pH on microbial growth and polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production in Cupriavidus necator H16 cultivated on a VFA mixture.To determine the influence of VFA concentrations on growth behaviour, batch experiments were conducted in microbioreactors using different concentrations of a VFA mixture. These experiments revealed multiphasic growth at VFA concentrations > 2.0 g∙L^- 1. Consequently, all subsequent fed-batch experiments were conducted at concentrations below this threshold.To assess pH-dependent effects on growth and PHA production, fed batch experiments were carried out in a 1 L bioreactor at pH values between 6 and 8.5 using a pH-pO₂-stat feeding strategy. Optimal growth performance was achieved at pH 7.5, as indicated by the highest specific growth rate (µ_App = 0.21 ± 0.01 h^- 1) and biomass yield on VFA (Y_X/VFA = 0.58 ± 0.01 g∙g^- 1). Compared to the commonly used pH of 7.0, these results correspond to a 31% increase in the specific growth rate and a 24% increase in the biomass yield c. In contrast, optimal PHA production was observed at pH 8.0, resulting in a PHA concentration of 42.5 g∙L^- 1 and a PHA yield on VFA of 0.53 ± 0.03 g∙g^- 1. Thus, growth rates, biomass yields, and PHA yields decreased at pH values above 8.0, while no growth at all was detected at pH 8.5.These obtained results demonstrate a strong influence of pH on VFA utilization, growth performance, and PHA biosynthesis by C. necator H16. Based on the observed responses, pH 7.5 is recommended for biomass production, whereas pH 8.0 is optimal for PHA synthesis when VFAs are used as the sole carbon source.</p>","PeriodicalId":18582,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Cell Factories","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13651335/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149137466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biosynthesis mechanisms, antimicrobial effects, and characterization of silver nanoparticles produced by bacterial and actinomycete isolates derived from a gold mine.","authors":"Heba Taher, Sara Ibrahim, Noha Salem, Rania Sayed, Hesham Abdulla","doi":"10.1186/s12934-026-03109-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-026-03109-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely studied for their antimicrobial properties, and microbial synthesis offers an eco-friendly and scalable alternative to conventional methods. While Streptomyces spp. are well-known producers, little is known about AgNP biosynthesis by microorganisms adapted to metal-rich environments such as gold mines, which may represent a largely unexplored source of microorganisms with potential for AgNP biosynthesis. This study investigated the biosynthetic potential of bacterial and actinomycete isolates recovered from the Sukari Gold Mine, Egypt, with a focus on optimizing cell-free extract (CFE) preparation, nanoparticle characterization, and understanding the underlying biochemical contributions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 57 isolates, three Streptomyces strains showed the highest AgNP biosynthesis capability. Among the tested methods, soaking was selected as the preferred CFE preparation approach because it provided comparable AgNP biosynthesis while offering a simpler and more practical procedure than freeze/thaw and sonication. The biosynthesized AgNPs exhibited antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms, with enhanced performance relative to commercial AgNPs. Antimicrobial assessment was supported by MIC and MBC determinations. Biochemical analysis of the CFE revealed the presence of phenols, proteins, and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), while FTIR analysis identified functional groups including hydroxyl, amine, aromatic, alkene, and alkyne groups, suggesting their involvement in reduction and stabilization processes. The napA gene was detected in all active strains, indicating the potential for nitrate reductase production; however, its role in Ag⁺ reduction appears to be contributory rather than definitive. Characterization using UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, AFM, HR-TEM, and zeta potential analysis confirmed the formation of stable AgNPs with spherical to irregular morphologies, sizes ranging from 5 to 52 nm, and high colloidal stability (zeta potential up to - 37.3 mV).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight gold mine-derived actinomycetes as promising candidates for the green synthesis of stable, bioactive AgNPs and suggest that multiple biomolecules act synergistically during nanoparticle formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18582,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Cell Factories","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13632160/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149112013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microalgal cell factories for bioenergy and climate action: a circular bioeconomy roadmap.","authors":"Rehab H Mahmoud, Hassan M M Mustafa, Ilunga Kamika, Fagr Kh Abdel-Gawad, Ola M Gomaa","doi":"10.1186/s12934-026-03090-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12934-026-03090-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microalgae represent a crucial, multifunctional microbial cell factory platform for renewable energy and climate change mitigation. Their notably high lipid content (often exceeding 70% DCW) and rapid growth rates, which significantly surpass those of traditional terrestrial crops, making them an ideal feedstock for diverse bioenergy applications. This review critically evaluates advanced conversion pathways for biofuels such as biodiesel and bioethanol, as well as biohydrogen production and bioelectricity generation via microbial fuel cell technology. It further explores key technical paradigms, including photobioreactor and open-pond cultivation systems, extraction techniques, and the critical role of transesterification for biodiesel synthesis. Uniquely, microalgae synergistically sequester atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) during the photosynthetic process and remediate nutrient-rich wastewater, positioning them as an effective feedstock model within a circular bioeconomy framework. Finally, this work delineates persistent techno-economic hurdles, such as high operational costs and harvesting inefficiencies, while proposing strategic future research directions in genetic engineering and system integration necessary to achieve global commercial scalability.</p>","PeriodicalId":18582,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Cell Factories","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13621776/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149081350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing acetate-based biosurfactant production by Pseudomonas putida KT2440 through fermentation optimization.","authors":"Carina V Michel, Christopher Weike, Laura N Breuer, Luca A I Hampe, Miriam Schneider, Giancarlo Franciò, Walter Leitner, Till Tiso, Lars M Blank","doi":"10.1186/s12934-026-03129-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-026-03129-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is an increasing demand for sustainable chemicals, although \"green premium\" can be rarily achieved. In this context, biosurfactants emerge as promising substitutes for petroleum- or palm-oil-based surfactants due to their potentially lower environmental impact. 3-(3-hydroxyalkanoyloxy)alkanoic acids (HAAs) are biosurfactants composed of dimeric esterified hydroxy fatty acids. They serve as precursor molecules for rhamnolipids. Here, acetate was chosen as potentially CO₂-derived carbon source to replace conventional sugar-based feedstocks for HAA production using the versatile bacterium Pseudomonas putida KT2440 as heterologous production host.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, a fed-batch fermentation for microbial HAA production with acetate as sole carbon source was developed and optimized. First, different pH values were evaluated to determine optimal cultivation conditions, and a pH of 7.8 was identified as the optimal setpoint. To enhance the overall productivity of the fermentation process, different feeding strategies were investigated. Acetate feeding was controlled either by dissolved oxygen (DO)-triggered substrate addition or by pH-coupled feeding using acetic acid as titrant and carbon source. Both feeding strategies resulted in periods of carbon limitation, which promoted HAA degradation. To overcome this challenge, urea was investigated as an alternative nitrogen source in the pH-coupled feeding strategy. Here, the highest reported HAA concentration of 1 g L⁻¹ was achieved, with more than 3.5-fold increases in space-time and product-to-substrate yields compared to the ammonium-based pH-coupled feeding. As a next step, the implementation of CO₂-derived acetate as carbon source was tackled to improve the overall carbon footprint of the bioprocess. To this end, different substrate mixtures obtained from chemocatalytic CO₂ conversion were evaluated for biocompatibility, growth, and HAA production. The results demonstrate the suitability of the CO₂-derived acetate-formate mixture for the bioprocess without purification, achieving growth and HAA production comparable to the reference.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates the successful establishment of a bioprocess for heterologous production of HAAs using acetate as carbon source. Urea as alternative nitrogen source not only enhanced process performance and simplified process control but also improved the overall sustainability of the fermentation process. Finally, the successful valorization of CO₂-derived acetate further enhances its role as a next-generation feedstock in an emerging bioeconomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18582,"journal":{"name":"Microbial Cell Factories","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13628881/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149111935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}