MicrobiologyOpen最新文献

{"title":"Universal-Bac3Gel: A 3D Biofilm-Relevant Matrix That Supports In Vitro Growth and Biofilm Formation of ESKAPE Pathogens","authors":"Emanuela Peluso,&nbsp;Sebastião van Uden,&nbsp;Sonja Visentin,&nbsp;Paola Petrini,&nbsp;Daniela Peneda Pacheco,&nbsp;Livia Visai","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70371","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70371","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human microbiota is increasingly considered to shape health and disease, drawing interest of pharma and biotech industries in advanced models of in vitro human microbiome to streamline drug development. In this context, Universal-Bac³Gel represents a new generation of 3D biomaterials designed to mimic the properties of human mucus and biofilm features, including micro-gradients that replicate the heterogeneous environments colonized by microorganisms in the human body. To evaluate the suitability of Universal-Bac³Gel for studying clinically relevant species in antimicrobial resistance, the so-called ESKAPE pathogens (<i>Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter cloacae</i>) were cultured within this 3D environment. Bacterial growth was monitored at 24- and 48-h post-inoculation via spot plating, while viability, spatial distribution, and organization were assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. All ESKAPE strains successfully grew throughout the structure of Universal-Bac³Gel. Distinct 3D biofilm architectures were observed across species, ranging from diffuse colonization to compact microcolony formation, in agreement with species-specific biofilm patterns. Ciprofloxacin susceptibility assays revealed reduced susceptibility of bacteria cultured within Universal-Bac³Gel compared with their planktonic counterparts, supporting the development of biofilm-associated tolerance phenotypes. Consistent with these findings, crystal violet staining confirmed the accumulation of biofilm-associated biomass within the hydrogel. Notably, the platform's ready-to-use 96-well format allowed direct comparison of these high-priority pathogens under standardized conditions, highlighting species-specific biofilm traits that would be difficult to discern in conventional two-dimensional culture systems. This work highlights the versatility of Universal-Bac³Gel as a biofilm-relevant in vitro platform for studying pathogen colonization, biofilm development and antimicrobial susceptibility under controlled conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mbo3.70371","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148722970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MetF-Dependent Methionine Biosynthesis Is Required for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Survival and In Vivo Persistence","authors":"Ikue Tosa,&nbsp;Tomoki Kitahara,&nbsp;Katsuki Takebe,&nbsp;Masaaki Nakayama,&nbsp;Yuko Ito,&nbsp;Akihito Nishiyama,&nbsp;Shintaro Seto,&nbsp;Hotaka Kawai,&nbsp;Hiharu Inoue,&nbsp;Yuki Fukada,&nbsp;Yuki Nishiya,&nbsp;Hitoshi Nagatsuka,&nbsp;Takayuki Wada,&nbsp;Manabu Ato,&nbsp;Sohkichi Matsumoto,&nbsp;Naoya Ohara","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70370","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70370","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Methionine biosynthesis is essential for <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>, but the in vivo relevance of individual enzymes remains unclear. We performed transposon sequencing in <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> BCG under methionine-free conditions and identified <i>metF</i> as a major fitness determinant. To define enzyme-specific functions, ΔmetE and ΔmetF mutants were generated in <i>M. tuberculosis</i> and evaluated using <i>in vitro</i> growth assays and a murine infection model. The ΔmetE mutant showed vitamin B₁₂-dependent growth in minimal medium but maintained normal growth in mice, indicating that its <i>in vitro</i> requirement does not translate to an in vivo defect. In contrast, ΔmetF exhibited strict methionine auxotrophy <i>in vitro</i> and completely failed to survive or persist in murine lungs and spleens. Structural modeling showed that MetF is distinct from human homologs, supporting selective inhibition. These findings demonstrate that MetF, but not MetE, is indispensable for <i>M. tuberculosis</i> survival in vivo and identify MetF as a promising metabolic drug target.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13438895/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148673921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Different Living Environments on Intestinal Flora in Patients With Schistosoma Japonicum-Induced Liver Fibrosis","authors":"Xiaofei Fan,&nbsp;Chen Zhou,&nbsp;Pengpeng Zhang,&nbsp;Yingzi Ming","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70366","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70366","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p><i>Schistosomiasis japonica</i> is a parasitic disease leading to liver cirrhosis. China's “fishermen going ashore” policy divides patients with schistosomiasis liver fibrosis into two groups: those near the infected waters and those inland far from the infected water. This study aims to compare the differences in intestinal flora between two groups from the perspective of intestinal flora, and provide a basis for future prevention and control priorities. This study collected feces and basic information of patients with <i>Schistosoma japonicum</i> cirrhosis living near infected water and living on land. The characteristics of intestinal flora of the two types of patients were compared by 16sRNA sequencing technology. The infected water contact group and the terrestrial living group showed significant differences in intestinal flora characteristics: the former showed dominance of <i>Firmicutes</i>, high α-diversity, enrichment of butyrate-producing bacteria (such as <i>Blautia</i>), and enhanced environmental adaptability; the latter showed an imbalanced state with increased Proteobacteria and reduced α-diversity, accompanied by abnormal lipid metabolism and barrier function damage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13436125/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148669977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiome Profiling and Antimicrobial Efficacy of a Novel Silver-Nanoparticle Hydrogel Dressing Against Clinical Isolates From Paediatric Burn Wounds.","authors":"Anteneh Amsalu, Anton Alvaro, Linda Quinn, Anna Antipov, Sylvia Sapula, Henrietta Venter, Bernard Carney, Hanif Haidari, Zlatko Kopecki","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70383","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Burn injuries predispose paediatric patients to infection, and rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is reducing the effectiveness of conventional antibiotics. This underscores the need for novel antimicrobial dressings. This study characterised the microbiome and AMR profiles of paediatric burn wounds and assessed the antimicrobial efficacy of a silver nanoparticle (AgNP) hydrogel against clinical isolates. Twenty paediatric burn patients were recruited over a year, and 21 burn wounds were sampled. Three swabs were collected from each wound: one for full-length 16S rRNA sequencing, one for species identification, and one for routine microbiology. Eleven wounds (from 10 patients) were clinically infected, and 10 were uninfected. Bacterial identification used standard culture methods and MALDI-TOF. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using disk diffusion assays, and AgNP hydrogel efficacy was evaluated via agar-well diffusion assay. Most patients were male (65%), under 5 years of age (55%), and had sustained scald burns (60%). Maximal burn depth significantly increased the likelihood of infection (p = 0.021) and subsequent systemic antibiotic use (p = 0.02). Clinically infected wounds exhibited significantly reduced alpha diversity, while beta diversity showed no distinct clustering by infection status. Staphylococcus aureus was enriched in infected wounds, whereas S. epidermidis predominated in uninfected wounds. Culture analyses revealed high penicillin resistance among Staphylococci and cefoxitin resistance in three coagulase-negative strains. Five isolates demonstrated multidrug resistance. The AgNP hydrogel showed broad-spectrum activity against all isolates, including multidrug-resistant organisms. The AgNP hydrogel demonstrates antimicrobial activity against resistant burn wound pathogens. Large studies are required to support its clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 4","pages":"e70383"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13504237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148812846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial Genome Reduction and Accelerated Evolution in Planktonic Foraminiferans","authors":"Hsin-Tung Lai,&nbsp;Ming-Wei Lai,&nbsp;Tzu-Haw Wang,&nbsp;Haojia Ren,&nbsp;Chuan Ku","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.70368","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The evolution of mitochondria provides crucial insights into the diversification of eukaryotes, with complex events of gene losses revealed through comparative analyses of mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) across eukaryotic lineages. However, the mitogenomes of many microbial eukaryotes remain underexplored due to challenges in their isolation and cultivation. Particularly understudied are Foraminifera (Rhizaria, SAR), unicellular calcifiers that are widely distributed across global oceans and important paleoenvironmental proxies. Using single-cell genomic sequencing, we report a 22-kb mitogenome from a planktonic foraminiferan in tropical seawater, the smallest known to date among sequenced mitogenomes of Rhizaria, a major lineage of eukaryotes. It contains only six protein-coding genes (including reduced versions of <i>nad1</i> and <i>cox2</i>) and fragmented ribosomal RNA genes, and has lost most genes in oxidative phosphorylation and all genes encoding mitochondrial ribosomal proteins. Such genome reduction is associated with accelerated evolutionary rates and a lower GC content than that of benthic foraminiferan and other rhizarian mitogenomes. These findings highlight a unique trajectory of mitogenome reduction during rhizarian evolution and the use of single-cell approaches to recover microbial eukaryotic genomes and expand our understanding of mitochondrial evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mbo3.70368","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148617077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding Akkermansia muciniphila Effector Biology: From Microbial Molecules to Host Outcomes","authors":"Amir Arsalan Ghahari,&nbsp;Ainur Sadykova,&nbsp;Salim Davlatov,&nbsp;Mukaddas Xusanova,&nbsp;Gulrukh Indiaminova,&nbsp;Furkat Sobirov,&nbsp;Mirzamakhmud Shadmanov,&nbsp;Umidjon Maxamatov,&nbsp;Patkhiddin Nishonov,&nbsp;Seyed Davar Siadat","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.70369","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> is increasingly linked to host metabolic, immune, and neurobehavioral phenotypes, yet taxon-level associations are often inconsistent across studies and disease contexts. This review advances an effector-centered framework to explain how <i>A. muciniphila</i> acts through host-facing molecules, including outer membrane and secreted proteins such as Amuc_1100 (pilus-associated signaling, PAS) and P9, extracellular vesicles (EVs) and outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), and shed cell-envelope fragments and lipids. We synthesize evidence spanning barrier biology, immunometabolic regulation, infection and inflammatory injury, cancer immunology, and microbiota–gut–brain axis research. Across models, effectors modulate the mucus and epithelial barrier to limit translocation and dampen Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, but mucus-active enzymes or antigenic epitopes may also create liabilities in susceptible hosts. Defined effectors can reproduce key whole-cell effects: in high-fat diet (HFD)/carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) liver injury, vesicle preparations matched or exceeded pasteurized bacteria; Amuc_1100 maps to immune reprogramming and barrier signaling; and P9 links microbial cues to glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) release. Key gaps include physiological dose realism, equivalence across colony-forming units (CFU) and protein or vesicle doses, strain and culture-condition dependence of effector expression, and limited human data for brain-relevant endpoints. Effector-defined preparations and engineered delivery systems may improve standardization and safety, but translation will require rigorous characterization, dose-response validation, and mechanism-linked biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mbo3.70369","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148617253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water Soluble-Nitrogenous Secondary Metabolites From Talaromyces annesophieae MD2 Exhibit Anti-Bacterial, Anti-Cancer, Anti-Oxidant, and Cytoprotective Activities","authors":"Meryem Doymus-Yilmaz,&nbsp;Huseyin Aksit,&nbsp;Mesut Taskin","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70367","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70367","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study focused on biological activities and chemical characterization of secondary metabolites from the fungus <i>Talaromyces annesophieae</i> MD2 (GenBank: PQ252671). The dichloromethane extract (DCM-E) of its culture supernatant was fractionated using chromatographic techniques. Initially, three main fractions were first prepared from DCM-E. Subsequently, the selected active fraction 2 was subfractionated into six subfractions. The subfraction 3 demonstrated high water solubility and strong antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (MIC values of 105.41, 82.76, 71.92, and 70.38 µg/mL against <i>B. cereus, S. aureus, E. coli</i>, and <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, respectively). It exhibited selective anticancer activity through regulation of autophagy- and apoptosis-related pathways without affecting healthy cells (IC₅₀ values of 7.65, 3.76, 10.76 µg/mL against HT-29, DU-145 and SH-SY5Y, respectively). Furthermore, it exhibited DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activities (48.3% and 44.1% at the concentration of 100 μg/mL, respectively) and protected dermal fibroblasts against H₂O₂–induced toxicity. Structural analyses elucidated that the subfraction 3 contained four nitrogenous polar compounds. Three compounds (C₅H₃O₄N₈, C₁₅H₂₅O₄N_4, and C₂₃H₂₁N₄) were suggested to be alkaloid-like or nitrogen-rich heterocyclic secondary metabolites, while the remaining compound (C₉H₉O₄N) was probably an aminobenzoic acid-type or heteroaromatic carboxylic acid derivative. This is the first report on bioactive metabolites of <i>T. annesophieae</i>. Due to multifunctional biological activities, its metabolites can find application in dermocosmetics and pharmacology.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13382376/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148520718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Chlorhexidine Derivatives and Alternative Agents on Streptococcus mutans Viability, Biofilm Formation, and Gene Expression","authors":"Hamideh Kamalloo,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Moeininejad,&nbsp;Maryam kiani golshoui,&nbsp;Fatemeh Samadyar,&nbsp;Ali Shivaee,&nbsp;Behrooz Sadeghi Kalani","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70360","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70360","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>This study evaluates the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of chlorhexidine and related compounds against <i>S. mutans</i>, focusing on bacterial viability, biofilm formation, and expression of key biofilm genes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>Eight compounds were tested for their chemical properties, MICs, and interactions via FIC analyses. Time-kill assays assessed bactericidal activity over 24 h, while cytotoxicity was evaluated in human gingival fibroblasts. Gene expression of biofilm-related genes was analyzed to determine transcriptional modulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>Chlorhexidine gluconate and alexidine showed the strongest antimicrobial activity, with MICs of 2 μg/mL against the reference strain and 4 μg/mL for clinical isolates. Time-kill results demonstrated bacterial reductions from ~7.2 to &lt; 1.0 log CFU/mL in the reference strain but less effect in clinical isolates. Chlorhexidine reduced biofilm biomass by nearly 19% at 48 h, whereas amoxicillin increased biofilm formation by over 12%. Cytotoxicity varied, with proguanil showing high cell viability (90%), while chlorhexidine and alexidine reduced viability to 50-70%. Gene expression analyzes revealed significant downregulation of <i>gtf</i>D and <i>brp</i>A by chlorhexidine and analogs, contrasting with mild upregulation by amoxicillin.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>These findings highlight chlorhexidine compounds as effective anti-biofilm agents, emphasizing the need for continued exploration of alternatives and combination therapies to enhance dental caries treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mbo3.70360","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148448053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Oral Candidiasis to Candidemia: A Review of Superficial to Invasive Progression","authors":"Julia Robledo Jerez,&nbsp;Marcella Vieira Ambrosio,&nbsp;Marcela Eduarda Olegario Fernandes,&nbsp;Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70353","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70353","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Oral candidiasis is the most prevalent fungal infection of the oral cavity and is frequently associated with immunosuppression. Although traditionally classified as a superficial condition, growing evidence suggests that oral infection with <i>Candida</i> sp. in a susceptible host may disseminate and evolve into invasive candidiasis, such as bloodstream infection (candidemia), one of the leading nosocomial infections associated with high mortality. This review addresses the clinical manifestations of oral candidiasis, local and systemic risk factors, and the emerging role of non-<i>albicans Candida</i> and related yeasts in the pathogenesis of both candidiasis and candidemia. Furthermore, we revisit antifungal resistance, the interaction between <i>Candida albicans</i> and the oral microbiome, and the potential impact of these interactions on progression to invasive infection. Animal models of oral candidiasis and candidemia are also considered, highlighting their relevance for understanding virulence mechanisms and for developing new therapeutic strategies. In an integrative way, this review summarizes current evidence on the relationship between oral candidiasis and candidemia, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis, prevention, and the search for alternative therapies in light of antifungal resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mbo3.70353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148422424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dual Role of the Gut Microbiota in Cancer Chemoresistance","authors":"Hamed Tahmasebi,&nbsp;Aisa Bahar,&nbsp;Meisam Khazaei,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Arabestani","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70357","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70357","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chemoresistance is one of the primary reasons that cancer chemotherapy fails to deliver successful treatment outcomes and contributes to poor overall survival rates for patients with cancer. New research has begun to shed light on the effects of the gut microbiome (GM). This new research will examine how certain microorganisms (referred to as “bad bacteria”) can contribute to cancer treatment failure, as well as how others (such as <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, <i>Akkermansia</i>, and <i>Lactobacillus</i>) can enhance treatment success. This review will focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects, including drug metabolism by microorganisms, modulation of the immune system by microorganisms, regulation of cellular apoptosis by microorganisms, and metabolic crosstalk between tumor tissue and the microbiome. Finally, we will look at new therapies under development that leverage knowledge of the microbiome to combat chemoresistance, including fecal microbiota transplantation, targeted probiotic and prebiotic supplementation, and dietary modifications. By studying the complex interactions among the host, the microbiome, and chemotherapeutic agents, we hope to demonstrate how microbiome-centered approaches can tailor and enhance an individual's cancer treatment while transforming the GM from a passive participant to an active target in cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mbo3.70357","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148412177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}