MicrobiologyOpen最新文献

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Chlorhexidine Derivatives and Alternative Agents on Streptococcus mutans Viability, Biofilm Formation, and Gene Expression","authors":"Hamideh Kamalloo,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Moeininejad,&nbsp;Maryam kiani golshoui,&nbsp;Fatemeh Samadyar,&nbsp;Ali Shivaee,&nbsp;Behrooz Sadeghi Kalani","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70360","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70360","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>This study evaluates the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of chlorhexidine and related compounds against <i>S. mutans</i>, focusing on bacterial viability, biofilm formation, and expression of key biofilm genes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>Eight compounds were tested for their chemical properties, MICs, and interactions via FIC analyses. Time-kill assays assessed bactericidal activity over 24 h, while cytotoxicity was evaluated in human gingival fibroblasts. Gene expression of biofilm-related genes was analyzed to determine transcriptional modulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>Chlorhexidine gluconate and alexidine showed the strongest antimicrobial activity, with MICs of 2 μg/mL against the reference strain and 4 μg/mL for clinical isolates. Time-kill results demonstrated bacterial reductions from ~7.2 to &lt; 1.0 log CFU/mL in the reference strain but less effect in clinical isolates. Chlorhexidine reduced biofilm biomass by nearly 19% at 48 h, whereas amoxicillin increased biofilm formation by over 12%. Cytotoxicity varied, with proguanil showing high cell viability (90%), while chlorhexidine and alexidine reduced viability to 50-70%. Gene expression analyzes revealed significant downregulation of <i>gtf</i>D and <i>brp</i>A by chlorhexidine and analogs, contrasting with mild upregulation by amoxicillin.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>These findings highlight chlorhexidine compounds as effective anti-biofilm agents, emphasizing the need for continued exploration of alternatives and combination therapies to enhance dental caries treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mbo3.70360","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148448053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Oral Candidiasis to Candidemia: A Review of Superficial to Invasive Progression","authors":"Julia Robledo Jerez,&nbsp;Marcella Vieira Ambrosio,&nbsp;Marcela Eduarda Olegario Fernandes,&nbsp;Ewerton Garcia de Oliveira Mima","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70353","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70353","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Oral candidiasis is the most prevalent fungal infection of the oral cavity and is frequently associated with immunosuppression. Although traditionally classified as a superficial condition, growing evidence suggests that oral infection with <i>Candida</i> sp. in a susceptible host may disseminate and evolve into invasive candidiasis, such as bloodstream infection (candidemia), one of the leading nosocomial infections associated with high mortality. This review addresses the clinical manifestations of oral candidiasis, local and systemic risk factors, and the emerging role of non-<i>albicans Candida</i> and related yeasts in the pathogenesis of both candidiasis and candidemia. Furthermore, we revisit antifungal resistance, the interaction between <i>Candida albicans</i> and the oral microbiome, and the potential impact of these interactions on progression to invasive infection. Animal models of oral candidiasis and candidemia are also considered, highlighting their relevance for understanding virulence mechanisms and for developing new therapeutic strategies. In an integrative way, this review summarizes current evidence on the relationship between oral candidiasis and candidemia, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis, prevention, and the search for alternative therapies in light of antifungal resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mbo3.70353","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148422424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Dual Role of the Gut Microbiota in Cancer Chemoresistance","authors":"Hamed Tahmasebi,&nbsp;Aisa Bahar,&nbsp;Meisam Khazaei,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Arabestani","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70357","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70357","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chemoresistance is one of the primary reasons that cancer chemotherapy fails to deliver successful treatment outcomes and contributes to poor overall survival rates for patients with cancer. New research has begun to shed light on the effects of the gut microbiome (GM). This new research will examine how certain microorganisms (referred to as “bad bacteria”) can contribute to cancer treatment failure, as well as how others (such as <i>Bifidobacterium</i>, <i>Akkermansia</i>, and <i>Lactobacillus</i>) can enhance treatment success. This review will focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects, including drug metabolism by microorganisms, modulation of the immune system by microorganisms, regulation of cellular apoptosis by microorganisms, and metabolic crosstalk between tumor tissue and the microbiome. Finally, we will look at new therapies under development that leverage knowledge of the microbiome to combat chemoresistance, including fecal microbiota transplantation, targeted probiotic and prebiotic supplementation, and dietary modifications. By studying the complex interactions among the host, the microbiome, and chemotherapeutic agents, we hope to demonstrate how microbiome-centered approaches can tailor and enhance an individual's cancer treatment while transforming the GM from a passive participant to an active target in cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mbo3.70357","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148412177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the HDAC6/8 Inhibitor MC1568, Alone and in Combination With Fluconazole, in Non-Albicans Candida Species Infections","authors":"Andrea Giammarino,&nbsp;Chiara Lambona,&nbsp;Alessia Raucci,&nbsp;Giovanna Simonetti,&nbsp;Salvatore Macrì,&nbsp;Angela Iuzzolino,&nbsp;Daniela Trisciuoglio,&nbsp;Sergio Valente,&nbsp;Gustavo Giusiano,&nbsp;Letizia Angiolella,&nbsp;Antonello Mai","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70188","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70188","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fungal infections pose a severe health risk, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, with <i>Candida</i> species being a leading cause of bloodstream infections. The rise of non-<i>albicans Candida</i> (NAC) infections, accounting for 35%–65% of candidemia cases, underscores the urgent need for novel antifungal strategies. Current treatments, including echinocandins and azoles, are increasingly challenged by drug-resistant strains. This study evaluated the antifungal efficacy of three clinically approved histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi)—Vorinostat, Romidepsin, and Tucidinostat—along with the HDAC6/8-selective inhibitor MC1568, alone and in combination with Fluconazole. The Fluconazole/MC1568 combination exhibited significant synergistic effects, reducing biofilm formation and enhancing antifungal activity, particularly against <i>C. guillermondii</i>, <i>C. lusitaniae</i>, and <i>C. tropicalis</i>. In <i>Galleria mellonella</i> larvae, this combination increased survival by 70% in <i>C. tropicalis</i> infections. When tested in human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells, three different MC1568/Fluconazole combinations displayed low toxicity. These findings highlight the potential of the HDAC6/8 inhibitor MC1568 as adjunct therapy to combat NAC infections, warranting further research to optimize antifungal efficacy while minimizing toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mbo3.70188","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148405046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of OXA-23 Among Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated From Intensive Care Units of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan","authors":"Hafsa Waseem,&nbsp;Ihsan Ullah,&nbsp;Shahzad Ahmad,&nbsp;Irfan Ali Mirza,&nbsp;Benish Aleem,&nbsp;Shazia Iqbal","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70364","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70364","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 <p>Carbapenem-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (CRAB) has been designated a top-priority critical pathogen by the World Health Organization, and the CDC has also classified it as a serious and immediate public health threat. The Cross-sectional study was conducted to detect the <i>_bla</i>_OXA-23 gene among carbapenem-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> isolated from clinical specimens in intensive care units. The study was conducted at the Department of Microbiology, Institute of Pathology and Diagnostic Medicine, Khyber Medical University, from January 2024 to December 2024. Phenotypically confirmed Carbapenem-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> isolates were genotypically verified via _{<i>bla</i>OXA-51} detection, then screened for _{<i>bla</i>OXA-23} using polymerase chain reaction, and PCR mapping was done for the upstream insertion of <i>ISAba1</i>. _{<i>bla</i>OXA-23} gene with an upstream insertion of <i>ISAba1</i> is detected in all 52 (100%) isolates. ST19 is the most commonly identified ST, accounting for 31 (59.6%), followed by ST2 14 (26.9%) and ST1 7 (13.4%). Consequently, these findings emphasize the implementation of targeted infection control measures and routine surveillance screening within high-risk ICU environments to mitigate further transmission.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mbo3.70364","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148391223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Microbial and Metabolic Alterations in Patients With Oral Lichen Planus Concomitant With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"Xiaomeng Ren,&nbsp;Kaiyi Li,&nbsp;Xiaowen Kong,&nbsp;Jiawen Li,&nbsp;Hong Hua,&nbsp;Chunlei Li","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70361","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70361","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The present study aimed to comprehensively characterize the oral microbiome and metabolic profiles in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) concomitant with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to explore the potential mechanisms driving the co-occurrence. This was a cross-sectional observational study. A total of 60 participants were enrolled, including 20 normal controls, 20 patients with OLP alone (OLP group), and 20 patients with both OLP and T2DM (OLP_DM group). Salivary samples were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing and untargeted metabolomics to assess microbiological and metabolic differences across the groups. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to evaluate associations between clinical characteristics and microbial or metabolic features. Alpha diversity (Chao1 index) was significantly reduced in both disease groups compared to the controls, while beta diversity analysis revealed no remarkable separation among groups. At the genus level, the abundance of <i>Pseudomonas</i> was elevated in the OLP_DM group relative to both the OLP and control groups, and positively correlated with lesion severity. Metabolomic analysis revealed significantly lower levels of limonin and higher levels of thymine and epinephrine in the OLP_DM group compared to the OLP. Limonin was negatively correlated with lesion severity, whereas thymine and epinephrine showed positive correlations with both lesion severity and pain scores. The study provides comprehensive evidence of oral microbial dysbiosis and metabolic disturbances in patients with OLP concomitant with T2DM. The findings suggest an interplay between specific bacterial populations and metabolic alterations in the progression and severity of OLP concomitant with diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mbo3.70361","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148376219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"De novo or Salvage? Nucleotide Availability as a Driver of Bacterial Adaptation and Virulence","authors":"Riya Joshi,&nbsp;Alastair G. McEwan,&nbsp;Ulrike Kappler","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70358","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70358","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bacterial pathogens rely on the constant availability of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides to facilitate replication, growth, and virulence and to sustain energy metabolism and nucleotide-based signaling. The capacity to switch between <i>de novo</i> synthesis and salvage pathways underpins much of their metabolic flexibility and also regulates access to different human body niches, where nucleobase availability varies significantly between extracellular fluids, mucosal surfaces, inflamed tissues, and intracellular compartments. However, adaptation to specific host niches can result in the loss of <i>de novo</i> nucleotide biosynthesis pathways, increasing bacterial dependence on nucleobase/nucleoside salvage. Many intracellular pathogens lack <i>de novo</i> synthesis pathways, making purine or pyrimidine salvage not an optional, but an essential process where host nucleotide reserves are critical to bacterial survival. Because of their central role in bacterial metabolism, enzymes, transporters, and regulatory networks involved in purine and pyrimidine metabolism represent potential targets for therapeutic interventions. This review summarizes the current knowledge of purine and pyrimidine metabolism in bacterial pathogens, including the abundance of these compounds in different host niches, tissue-specific fitness strategies, and bacterial targets for further development of innovative antibacterials.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mbo3.70358","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148376205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Restructuring of Microbial Communities and Resistomes in the Shitalakshya River, Bangladesh Revealed by Shotgun Metagenomics","authors":"Muhammad Ehteshamul Haque,&nbsp;Md. Shaminur Rahman,&nbsp;Munawar Sultana,&nbsp;Anowara Begum","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70359","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70359","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Urban rivers supplying drinking water face mounting pollution and AMR threats. We combined shotgun metagenomics with physicochemical analysis to investigate microbial community and resistome dynamics in Bangladesh's Shitalakshya River, a drinking water source under increasing pollution pressure, during early and peak dry seasons. Peak dry season water quality deteriorated markedly, characterized by hypoxia and elevated nutrient and organic carbon levels, which drove pronounced restructuring of the river microbiome. A distinct shift occurred from <i>Myroides</i> dominance toward a more diverse assemblage enriched in pollution-tolerant and opportunistic genera, notably <i>Comamonas, Brevundimonas, Tissierella</i>, and <i>Aeromonas</i>. Metagenomic profiling revealed a diverse resistome encompassing antibiotic, metal, and biocide resistance genes. Although overall antibiotic resistance gene abundance declined slightly, metal resistance genes increased more than twofold, with strong enrichment of mercury resistance determinants such as <i>merA</i>. Concurrent increases in multidrug efflux pump genes suggested potential co-selection driven by metal and chemical stressors. These findings indicate that dry-season pollutant concentration reshapes both microbial communities and resistance profiles through non-antibiotic selective pressures. Despite limited sampling, this study provides a baseline metagenomic snapshot of antimicrobial resistance dynamics in a climate-stressed urban river system, offering vital insights for pollution abatement and the safeguarding of drinking water safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mbo3.70359","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148368484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergence of Ceftazidime-Avibactam-Induced KPC Variants (KPC-25/127) in Intracranial Infection and Implications for Clinical Management","authors":"Ke Lei,&nbsp;Ying Tian,&nbsp;Chaoliang Xiong,&nbsp;Jing Lei,&nbsp;Dong Chen,&nbsp;Xiangni Bai,&nbsp;Mohd H. Abdul-Aziz,&nbsp;Jiao Xie,&nbsp;Zeshi Liu","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70363","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70363","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The emergence of novel <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> carbapenemase (KPC) variants contributing to clinical treatment failure poses a substantial threat to public health. To inform the clinical management of infections caused by KPC-variant-harboring <i>K. pneumoniae</i>, this study reports the complex evolutionary trajectory of ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI)-resistant KPC-variant-harboring <i>K. pneumoniae</i> in a single patient during CAZ-AVI treatment. Three KPC-producing <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (KPC-KP) isolates were obtained from a patient with <i>K. pneumoniae</i> infection who received sequential treatment with imipenem followed by CAZ-AVI. Isolate K2, harboring <i>bla</i>_KPC-2, exhibited carbapenem resistance. After 12 days of CAZ-AVI administration, isolate K25 (carrying <i>bla</i>_KPC-25) showed CAZ-AVI resistance but remained susceptible to imipenem. In contrast, isolate K127 (harboring <i>bla</i>_KPC-127 firstly identified by our group), recovered after combined CAZ-AVI and imipenem therapy, displayed dual resistance to both CAZ-AVI and carbapenems; this carbapenem resistance was attributed to outer membrane protein mutations combined with <i>bla</i>_KPC-127 overexpression. Analysis of the genetic regions revealed that all subtypes were located within a conserved genetic background: IS<i>26</i>-IS<i>Kpn8</i>-<i>bla</i>_KPC-ΔIS<i>Kpn6</i>-Δ<i>tnpR</i>-Tn<i>1721</i>. Cloning and heterologous expression of the KPC variants, followed by enzymatic kinetic analyses and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determinations, confirmed that the variants altered the MICs of CAZ-AVI and carbapenems. Compared with the KPC-2 protein, both variant proteins exhibited reduced hydrolytic activity against ceftazidime. Additionally, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of avibactam against the KPC variants was significantly higher than that of the wild-type KPC-2 protein. These results indicate that the KPC variant proteins have low affinity for avibactam, thereby reducing susceptibility to this inhibitor.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mbo3.70363","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148367961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One Health Insights From Pteropus medius: Nipah Virus Spillover, Microbiota, and Antimicrobial Resistance","authors":"Punam Chowdhury,&nbsp;Shah Md Tanvir Khan,&nbsp;Sajal Roy,&nbsp;Md. Shohel Al Faruk","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70362","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Pteropus medius</i> is a major reservoir of Nipah virus (NiV), a zoonotic pathogen responsible for recurrent fatal encephalitis outbreaks in Bangladesh. Human infections are primarily associated with consuming raw date palm sap contaminated with bat excreta. Beyond viral spillover, growing evidence suggests that bat-associated microbiota and guano are potential reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), contributing to the environmental dissemination of resistant bacteria and resistance genes. This narrative literature review examined the relationship among NiV spillover, bat microbiota, and AMR within a One Health framework. A structured literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar to identify relevant peer-reviewed studies published between 2006 and 2025. The reviewed evidence indicates that <i>Pteropus medius</i> populations harbor clinically important resistant bacteria, including ESBL-(Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase) producing <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Salmonella</i> spp., and methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. In addition, recent studies indicate that bat roosts near agricultural lands, wastewater discharge sites, and peri-urban settlements may facilitate bidirectional exchange of ARGs among wildlife, livestock, and humans. Habitat fragmentation, wastewater contamination, urbanization, agricultural intensification, and increased human–wildlife interactions were identified as major drivers facilitating both NiV spillover and AMR dissemination. Overall, the literature demonstrates a significant ecological association among anthropogenic environmental disturbance, zoonotic spillover risk, and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in bat-associated systems. These findings highlight the importance of integrated One Health surveillance and environmental management strategies to mitigate future zoonotic and AMR threats in Bangladesh.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mbo3.70362","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148368493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}