MicrobiologyOpen最新文献

{"title":"Occurrence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Kocuria rhizophila Bacteria Isolated From Salmo munzuricus (Teleostei: Salmonidae) Samples in Natural Resources","authors":"Bülent KAR","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.70354","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Global warming and environmental pollution trigger the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) opportunistic pathogens in the aquatic microflora. This study aimed to determine the characterization and AMR profile of the opportunistic pathogen <i>Kocuria rhizophila</i> isolated from the tissues of <i>Salmo munzuricus</i> (Munzur trout), an endemic species. Samples collected from the Munzur River were identified using morphological and molecular (16S rDNA) methods; bacterial isolates were characterized by MALDI-TOF and sequencing. The resistance status against 11 different antibiotics was analyzed with the Kirby-Bauer method. The findings revealed that the isolates (with 99.51% accuracy as <i>K. rhizophila</i>) showed full resistance to Penicillin G (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and were moderately sensitive to gentamicin and tetracycline. High sensitivity to amoxicillin and ampicillin was detected. These findings demonstrate that even in natural environments, the fish microbiome in wild endemic populations can be susceptible to the development of AMR in response to environmental changes. Therefore, determining the resistance of opportunistic pathogens in wild fish species such as <i>Salmo munzuricus</i> to different classes of antibiotics and studying their spread is extremely important for natural ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mbo3.70354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148343290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut Microbiota Alterations Associated With Colonization by Multidrug-Resistant Organisms in ICU Patients: First Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Andra-Elena Goicea,&nbsp;Daniel-Corneliu Leucuța,&nbsp;Constantin Bodolea","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70322","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70322","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Colonization by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) is a risk factor for infection and mortality in critically ill patients, yet current strategies to prevent or control dissemination show variable effectiveness. Whether alterations in microbiota structure and composition (dysbiosis) are associated with MDRO colonization in critically ill patients is an open question this study aims to address. We conducted the first systematic review and meta-analysis comparing intestinal microbiota structure (diversity) and composition (relative abundance of bacteria) between colonized critically ill patients and noncolonized/control patients. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were systematically searched from inception to September 2025. The study protocol was preregistered on Open Science Framework, under embargo. Of 3003 records identified, 11 studies (<i>n</i> = 2823 patients) published between 2019 and 2025 met the inclusion criteria. The most frequently reported colonizing strains in MDROs-colonized patients were vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (58.2%), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (21.6%), extended-spectrum β-lactamase–producing Enterobacterales (13.4%). All studies employed 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing to assess intestinal microbiota. Colonized critically ill patients had lower values of dominance/evenness and richness, reaching significantly lower values of information when compared with controls (mean difference in Shannon index = –1.18; 95% CI, –1.84 to –0.52; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Composition investigation revealed a significant increase in the Pseudomonadota phylum and the Enterobacteriaceae family in MDROs-colonized patients. Current evidence is limited and largely associational. Nevertheless, altered intestinal microbiota consistently characterize colonized critically ill patients. Further studies are warranted to determine whether early detection of dysbiosis can enhance early prediction/diagnosis of MDROs-colonization and guide the targeted microbiota-based strategies to prevent infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mbo3.70322","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148295641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hospital-Associated Antimicrobial Resistant Bacteria on 95 Mobile Phones: An International Metagenomic “Phonome” Analysis","authors":"Adrian Goldsworthy,&nbsp;Matthew Olsen,&nbsp;Nchafatso G. Obonyo,&nbsp;Peter Jones,&nbsp;Simon McKirdy,&nbsp;Abiola Senok,&nbsp;Rashed Alghafri,&nbsp;Rose Ghemrawi,&nbsp;Reem Almheiri,&nbsp;Oystein Tronstad,&nbsp;Jacky Y. Suen,&nbsp;John F. Fraser,&nbsp;Lotti Tajouri","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70321","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70321","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Antimicrobial resistant healthcare-associated infections present an increasing threat to public safety and the sustainability of healthcare systems around the world. Mobile phones have been highlighted as a fomite that negates hand hygiene and contributes to the dissemination of pathogenic microorganisms in healthcare settings. The objective of the current stidy was to investigate the presence of bacteria, antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes associated with high morbidity on 95 mobile phones within healthcare settings. Next-Generation Metagenomic Sequencing was undertaken and FastQ files were subsequently analyzed within COSMOSid to enable taxonomic identification. Antibiotic resistant genes, virulence genes and bacteriophages were co-located with bacteria associated with the highest global mortality. Antibiotic resistant genes were manually annotated and cross referenced with the Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database (CARD) to identify gene–drug interactions. On average, mobile phones were identified to be contaminated with 3.62 of the top 10 highest mortality-causing bacteria and 2.49 ESKAPE pathogens. A total of 262 unique ARGs, 448 unique VFGs, and 314 bacteriophages were identified. Mobile phones within healthcare settings harbor pathogens alongside genes associated with increased virulence and antimicrobial resistance. Additionally, mobile phones, known to be infrequently sanitized, may increase antimicrobial resistance by providing a contaminated platform which facilitates continued horizontal genetic transfer.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mbo3.70321","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148277874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discordance Between 16S rRNA Similarity and Genome-Based Species Boundaries in Gluconobacter","authors":"Shintaro Maeno,&nbsp;Naoya Kataoka,&nbsp;Minenosuke Matsutani,&nbsp;Toshiharu Yakushi","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70335","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70335","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The 16S rRNA gene is widely used for bacterial identification, but its resolving power is limited in several taxa. In the genus <i>Gluconobacter</i>, species boundaries remain unclear despite reliance on 16S-based classification. To examine these limitations, we analyzed all publicly available complete genomes (<i>n</i> = 12) together with curated 16S rRNA sequences and compared 16S rRNA sequences similarity with genome-based relatedness. Within the sampled complete genomes, 16S rRNA sequences were highly conserved and showed substantial overlap between intra- and interspecific similarities. In contrast, average nucleotide identity (ANI)-based divergence was pronounced: ANI values ranged from 79.7% to 100%, and <i>G. oxydans</i> included more than one genomic lineage. Notably, two strains (H24 and 1.637) showed higher ANI values (97.2%–97.4%) to <i>G. thailandicus</i> than to other <i>G. oxydans</i> strains. Even the hypervariable V4, V6, and V8 regions lacked clade-specific signatures, indicating limited species-level resolution within this group. Furthermore, type-strain 16S rRNA sequences of <i>G. oxydans</i>, <i>G. frateurii</i>, and <i>G. japonicus</i> show ≥ 99% similarity and are grouped within the same non-redundant representative in the SILVA NR99 database, indicating limited species-level resolution. These results demonstrate a clear mismatch between 16S rRNA sequences similarity and genomic structure in <i>Gluconobacter</i>. Genome-based criteria, supported by refined reference databases and validated gene markers, are essential for accurate taxonomy and microbiome-based analyses.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mbo3.70335","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148277882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interplay Between Virulence Genes, Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles, and Biofilm Formation in Klebsiella pneumoniae Causing Urinary Tract Infections in North Lebanon","authors":"Mazen Zaylaa,&nbsp;Rayan Farha,&nbsp;Jana Taleb,&nbsp;Amal Saad,&nbsp;Omar El Gharbawy,&nbsp;Ricardo Sarraf,&nbsp;Ibtihal Kassam,&nbsp;Chadi Hamdach,&nbsp;Nisrine Bissar","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70336","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70336","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (<i>K. pneumoniae</i>) is a major cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and poses a growing public health concern due to multidrug resistance and virulence potential. This study aimed to characterize antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, and virulence gene distribution among urinary <i>K. pneumoniae</i> isolates from North Lebanon and to explore correlations between these factors. A total of 153 non-duplicate isolates from hospital and community settings were analyzed for antibiotic susceptibility, hypermucoviscosity, biofilm formation, and presence of key virulence (fimH, mrkD, magA, rmpA, entB, iucA, iroN, kfu) and β-lactamase (blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M) genes. Adhesion-associated genes fimH and mrkD were highly prevalent, particularly in hospital-acquired and strong biofilm-producing isolates. Capsular and regulatory genes (magA) was more frequent in putative hypervirulent and community-acquired strains, while siderophore genes entB and iucA were strongly associated with biofilm formation and hospital-acquired infections. A significantly higher resistance to cephalosporins, along with an increased frequency of multidrug-resistant phenotypes, was detected in hospital-acquired, classical, and strong biofilm-forming isolates. ESBL production was significantly more common in hospital-acquired and biofilm-forming isolates. Strong biofilm formation was largely associated with classical <i>K. pneumoniae</i> and hospital-acquired infections, whereas putative hypervirulent strains were primarily weak biofilm producers and community-acquired. These findings highlight the interplay between virulence determinants, biofilm formation, and antibiotic resistance, emphasizing the need for targeted infection control and treatment strategies in North Lebanon.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mbo3.70336","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148272222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal Microbiome Alterations in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review of Compositional Changes and Microbial Biomarkers","authors":"Parvin Askari,&nbsp;Shirin Dashtbin,&nbsp;Tahereh Navidifar,&nbsp;Leila Dadgar-Zankbar,&nbsp;Arezoo Asadi,&nbsp;Mahsa Ghamari,&nbsp;Parisa Najafi,&nbsp;Shabnam Zeighamy Alamdary,&nbsp;Roghayeh Afifirad,&nbsp;Roya Ghanavati,&nbsp;Atieh Darbandi","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70326","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70326","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, and the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in its development. In the study, we examine the variation in gut microbial community composition among individuals diagnosed with CRC based on human fecal samples. A systematic search of online databases, including MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus up to March 2026, following the requirements outlined in the PRISMA guideline. The search strategy was based on a combination of keywords, including “colorectal cancer,” “gut microbiome”, and “feces.” The study analyzed 43 research articles on colorectal cancer microbiome. Most investigations utilized culture-independent techniques, revealing variations in microbial profiles between colorectal cancer cases and healthy controls. <i>Fusobacterium</i> and <i>Porphyromonas</i> emerged as potential colorectal cancer biomarkers, while multi-bacteria predictive models showed promise in enhancing colorectal cancer detection sensitivity and specificity. In this review, we will explore how advanced sequencing techniques have the potential to complement current non-invasive methods for early diagnosis and prevention of colorectal cancer. This includes conducting studies with robust statistical power and consistent, replicable methodologies, taking into consideration host factors, and performing external validation of predictive models.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mbo3.70326","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148272262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Complete Genome Resource and Bio-Control Activity of Soil-Isolated Pseudomonas citronellolis Strain M03 Against Onion-Pathogenic Burkholderia Species","authors":"Kephas Mphande,&nbsp;Michelle Pena MacLellan,&nbsp;Anoop Anand Malik,&nbsp;Bhabesh Dutta","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70325","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Pseudomonas citronellolis</i> M03 was isolated from the soil of a field, which has been under continuous onion production for approximately 20 years. The soil was naturally infested with onion-pathogenic <i>Burkholderia</i> spp. but over the last 2 years bacterial populations had declined. The genome of the bacterial isolate was sequenced. The average nucleotide identity (ANIm) analysis showed &gt; 97% identity and &gt; 84% alignment coverage with the type strain <i>P. citronellolis</i> DSM50332^T. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values were 73.6% (formula d4) and 77.8% (formula d0), exceeding the 70% species delineation threshold. The genome comprised of a single 6.73 Mb circular chromosome encoding 5802 coding sequences, including 10 pseudogenes, 428 hypothetical genes, and 81 RNA genes (15 rRNAs, 66 tRNAs). We also identified two NRP-metallophore/NRPS biosynthetic gene clusters showing high similarity to the pyoverdine and enantio-pyochelin clusters of <i>Pseudomonas protegens</i> Pf-5, suggesting the presence of uncharacterized metabolites with potential ecological or biocontrol functions. Phenotypic assays demonstrated strong antagonistic activity of <i>P. citronellolis</i> M03 against <i>Burkholderia cepacia</i> and <i>Burkholderia gladioli in vitro</i>, reducing their populations by &gt; 10-fold and approximately 50%, respectively, after 48 h of co-inoculation. Assessment of onion bulb rot showed significant reductions in both disease incidence and severity when <i>P. citronellolis</i> M03 was co-inoculated with <i>B. cepacia</i>. The ability of <i>P. citronellolis</i> M03 to persist and exert antagonistic effects in complex soil microflora highlights its ecological fitness and adaptability in natural environments. This study provides a valuable genomic resource and experimental evidence for the biocontrol capability of this potentially beneficial bacterium.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mbo3.70325","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148252166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acetate-Linked Energy Metabolism as a Determinant of Early Haemophilus influenzae Infection Fitness","authors":"Marufa Nasreen,&nbsp;Jennifer Hosmer,&nbsp;Saurab Kishore Munshi,&nbsp;Riya Joshi,&nbsp;Ayaho Yamamoto,&nbsp;Horst J. Schirra,&nbsp;Peter Sly,&nbsp;Alastair G. McEwan,&nbsp;Ulrike Kappler","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70324","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70324","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Acetate is a major metabolic end-product of <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> and is produced via the phosphotransacetylase–acetate kinase (Pta–AckA) pathway, which also generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Despite its importance, the contribution of this pathway to <i>H. influenzae</i> physiology and virulence remains poorly understood. Here, we have investigated the individual roles of AckA and Pta for these processes by generating nonpolar single-gene knockouts in a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-isolate strain (Hi2019) and characterized their metabolic and infection phenotypes. Both mutants exhibited significant growth impairments under microaerobic and anaerobic conditions, with reductions in growth rate of up to 50% compared with the wild type. Loss of AckA or Pta decreased ATP levels to ~ 50% of wild-type values and caused marked overoxidation of the NAD⁺/NADH pool. Metabolomic analyses revealed distinct perturbations at the pyruvate node: the <i>pta</i> mutant produced minimal acetate but accumulated pyruvate and <span>d</span>-lactate, while the <i>ackA</i> mutant continued to produce acetate, likely via nonenzymatic breakdown of acetyl-phosphate. Both mutations also increased sensitivity to oxidative stress and enhanced biofilm formation. In infection models, including bronchial epithelial cells, primary human nasal epithelia, and murine macrophages, intracellular survival of both mutants was significantly reduced during early infection stages, although attenuation diminished over time. These findings demonstrate that the Pta–AckA pathway is critical for metabolic homeostasis, stress resistance, and early intracellular colonization, highlighting its potential as a target for management of early-stage <i>H. influenzae</i> infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mbo3.70324","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148252196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Contribution of Chemistry to the Detection and Enumeration of Legionella pneumophila in Environmental Water Samples: Experience With the MICA Method","authors":"Savina Ditommaso,&nbsp;Jacopo Garlasco,&nbsp;Carla Streva,&nbsp;Gabriele Memoli,&nbsp;Carla M. Zotti,&nbsp;Fabrizio Bert,&nbsp;Monica Giacomuzzi","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70295","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Legionella</i> is widespread in natural aquatic habitats and can contaminate man-made water systems. Due to public-health risks, measuring microbial load in water samples is essential. This study compared a new lipopolysaccharide bioprobe method (Microcolony Counter Analysis—MICA), which detects and counts <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> in 2 days, with the standard culture method (ISO 11731:2017), which may take up to 10 days. Our results on 108 water samples showed 82.4% agreement. Fifteen were ISO+/MICA− and four ISO−/MICA+; MICA sensitivity was 67.4%. Analysis of culture-media factors (<i>Legionella</i> inhibition by contaminating flora; culture on Glycine Vancomycin Polymyxin Cycloheximide agar (GVPC) and MICA factors (possible killing/growth inhibition due to acid treatment) showed that (a) ISO counts tended to be higher than MICA, with little difference whether GVPC results or the maximum yield between Buffered Charcoal Yeast Extract agar (BCYE) and GVPC were used. (b) Acid-treated MICA samples tended to yield higher counts than untreated ones, especially at high MICA counts. Considering what has been disclosed, a short 48-h incubation may reduce MICA recovery for some wild <i>L</i>. <i>pneumophila</i> strains, affecting click-based detection. With refinement, MICA could be a practical, user-friendly diagnostic tool, simpler sample prep, no large-volume filtration, no colony isolation or extra confirmation and provides confirmed results in 2 days versus ≥ 10 days for ISO culture.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mbo3.70295","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148225464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Landscape of Salmonella enterica Serovar Gallinarum–Pullorum Antimicrobial Resistance in Bangladesh's Poultry Industry: A Combined Phenotypic and Molecular Study","authors":"Md. Masuk Rahman Kingshuk,&nbsp;Shanzida Binte Alam,&nbsp;Md. Shajedur Rahman,&nbsp;Md. Nurnoby Islam","doi":"10.1002/mbo3.70328","DOIUrl":"10.1002/mbo3.70328","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Salmonella enterica</i> serovar Gallinarum–Pullorum is a prevalent poultry-borne pathogen that could facilitate the zoonotic transmission of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains to humans, significantly contributing to the global burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). A total of 200 samples were collected from chickens of various flocks suspected of salmonellosis based on clinical diagnosis and isolation via standard bacteriological protocols, of which 138 tested positive for serovar Gallinarum–Pullorum by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Each PCR-positive sample's isolates were sent for antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and each PCR-positive sample's DNA samples were sent for PCR-based resistance gene detection to evaluate the effectiveness of antimicrobials, MDR, and AMR status. Isolates were sensitive to gentamicin, amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, and cephalexin at rates of 84.78%, 83.33%, and 81.78%, respectively. Conversely, amoxicillin (71.01% resistant) and tetracycline (73.91% resistant) showed the highest rates of resistance. The MDR group accounted for 123 isolates, translating to a commanding combined prevalence of 89.13%, and resistance peaked at four resistant agents, with an incidence of 31.16% (43). Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) Index levels varied from 0.1 to 0.7. AML-SXT-TE-NOR and AML-SXT-TE-NOR-ENR were the most commonly seen patterns, each occurring in five isolates (3.62%). The tetA (74.64%) and the sul1 (73.19%) were the most prevalent resistance genes, with the presence of blaCMY (71.01%), blaTEM (9.42%), blaCTX (7.97%), sul2 (55.80%), dfrA1 (37.68%), aph(3′)-IIa (42.03%), aac(3)-VIa (5.80%), aadB (3.62%), floR (35.51%), gyrA (60.87%), and parC (47.83%) genes. This study reveals that <i>S. enterica</i> exhibits high levels of AMR, manifesting in MDR phenotypes supported by a robust presence of resistance-conferring genes.</p>","PeriodicalId":18573,"journal":{"name":"MicrobiologyOpen","volume":"15 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/mbo3.70328","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148218389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}