Microbiological research最新文献

{"title":"Diet-driven diversity of antibiotic resistance genes in wild bats: implications for public health.","authors":"Long Huang, Wentao Dai, Xiaoyu Sun, Yingting Pu, Jiang Feng, Longru Jin, Keping Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2025.128086","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wild bats may serve as reservoirs for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, potentially contributing to antibiotic resistance and pathogen transmission. However, current assessments of bats' antibiotic resistance potential are limited to culture-dependent bacterial snapshots. In this study, we present metagenomic evidence supporting a strong association between diet, gut microbiota, and the resistome, highlighting bats as significant vectors for ARG propagation. We characterized gut microbiota, ARGs, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in bats with five distinct diets: frugivory, insectivory, piscivory, carnivory, and sanguivory. Our analysis revealed high levels of ARGs in bat guts, with limited potential for horizontal transfer, encompassing 1106 ARGs conferring resistance to 26 antibiotics. Multidrug-resistant and polymyxin-resistant genes were particularly prevalent among identified ARG types. The abundance and diversity of ARGs/MGEs varied significantly among bats with different dietary habits, possibly due to diet-related differences in microbial composition. Additionally, genetic linkage between high-risk ARGs and multiple MGEs was observed on the genomes of various zoonotic pathogens, indicating a potential threat to human health from wild bats. Overall, our study provides a comprehensive analysis of the resistome in wild bats and underscores the role of dietary habits in wildlife-associated public health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"293 ","pages":"128086"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rootstocks and drought stress impact the composition and functionality of grapevine rhizosphere bacterial microbiota.","authors":"David Labarga, Andreu Mairata, Miguel Puelles, Adrian Wallner, Aziz Aziz, Pou Alícia","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2025.128073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The microbiota, a component of the plant holobiont, plays an active role in the response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Nowadays, with recurrent drought and global warming, a growing challenge in viticulture is being addressed by different practices, including the use of adapted rootstocks. However, the relationships between these practices, abiotic stress and the composition and functions of the rhizosphere microbiota remain to be deciphered. This study aimed to unravel the impact of five rootstocks, water management and the combination of both on the rhizosphere bacterial microbiota in grapevines using shotgun metagenomics approach. The results showed that drought impacted the diversity, composition and functionality of the rhizosphere bacterial community. The genera Mycolicibacterium, Mycobacterium and Rhodococcus, and the bacterial functions, including DNA damage repair, fatty acid synthesis, sugar and amino acid transport, oxidative stress reduction, toxin synthesis and detoxification of exogenous compounds were significantly enriched under drought conditions. Rootstocks also significantly affected the rhizosphere bacterial richness but its influence on diversity and functionality compared to water management was weaker. Some taxa and function could be linked to water managements applied. The interaction between rootstocks and water management further influenced the rhizosphere composition, especially under drought conditions, where distinct clustering was observed for specific rootstocks. The results highlight the importance of conducting multifactorial studies to better understand their impact on shaping functional rhizosphere bacterial communities. This study paves the way for future research on beneficial bacterial inoculation and genetic engineering of rootstock to cope with drought stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"293 ","pages":"128073"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep deprivation accelerates Parkinson's disease via modulating gut microbiota associated microglial activation and oxidative stress.","authors":"Wenzhong Zhu, Yuan Hu, Yongping Shi, Haijun Bao, Xukai Cheng, Mi Jiang, Zuojie Peng, Jia Song, Feifei Fang, Chenxing Jian, Wenzheng Yuan, Jinghuang Chen, Xiaogang Shu","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2025.128077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The interplay between Parkinson's disease (PD) and sleep disturbances suggests that sleep problems constitute a risk factor for PD progression, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Microglial activation and oxidative stress are considered to play an important role in the pathogenesis of aging and neurodegenerative diseases. We hypothesized that sleep deprivation (SD) could exacerbate PD progression via modulating microglial activation and oxidative stress. To test this hypothesis, we established a PD mouse model using 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), then subjected the mice to SD. A battery of behavioral tests, including rotarod, pole, adhesive removal, and open field tests, were used to assess motor function. Our study showed that SD exacerbated motor deficits, loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), microglial activation and oxidative stress damage in PD model mice. Fecal microbiota transplantation experiments revealed that SD mediated PD progression, microglial activation and oxidative stress via the gut microbiota. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis indicated that SD increased the abundances of bacteria such as Bacteroidaceae, while decreasing the abundances of bacteria including Lactobacillus. Non-targeted metabolomic analysis of gut microbiota-derived metabolites revealed that SD significantly increased the production of adenosine (ADO), a purine metabolite. Probiotic supplementation reversed the effects of SD on motor deficits, dopaminergic neuron loss, microglial activation and oxidative stress damage in PD mice; it also decreased SD-induced ADO production. Administration of Adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) inhibitors, Istradefylline (Ist), attenuated the roles of SD and ADO in promoting microglial activation, oxidative stress and PD progression. Taken together, our findings indicate that SD accelerates PD progression via regulating microbiota associated microglial activation and oxidative stress, suggesting that efforts to improve sleep quality can be used to prevent and treat PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"293 ","pages":"128077"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143075093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial and fungal diversity and species interactions inversely affect ecosystem functions under drought in a semi-arid grassland.","authors":"Yanan Qu, Xuechen Yang, Minghao Zhang, Junda Chen, Yushu Sui, Xiaochong Zhang, Yizhu Zeng, Muping Huang, Yifan Gao, Raúl Ochoa-Hueso, Baoku Shi, Daiqi Zhao, Tianxue Yang, Wei Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2025.128075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extreme climatic events, such as drought, can significantly alter belowground microbial diversity and species interactions, leading to unknown consequences for ecosystem functioning. Here, we simulated a drought gradient by removing 30 %, 50 %, and 70 % of precipitation in a semi-arid grassland over five years. We assessed the effects of drought on bacterial and fungal diversity, as well as on their species interactions. We also evaluated the impact of drought on ecosystem individual functions (e.g., plant biomass and microbial activity), and on multifunctionality (EMF). Finally, we linked the drought-induced changes in microbial communities with the variations in EMF. Drought significantly increased fungal diversity and intensified species interactions, but it decreased bacterial diversity and species interactions. Both plant and microbial biomass significantly decreased with increasing drought severity, while microbial activity showed the opposite trend. Only the -50 % rainfall treatment notably reduced EMF. Bacterial diversity and species interactions positively correlated with most ecosystem functions. However, fungal parameters were negatively associated with these functions. Structural equation modeling indicated that bacterial diversity had a strong direct positive effect on EMF (standardized path coefficient: 0.52), and that bacterial diversity was indirectly suppressed by drought through decreasing soil water content and bacterial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). In contrast, fungal species interactions had a significant direct negative effect on EMF with the highest standardized path coefficient (-0.6) and were directly enhanced by fungal diversity. Drought had indirect positive effects on fungal diversity by decreasing soil water content and stimulating fungal PLFAs. Our results highlight the importance of considering soil microbial species interactions when evaluating the ecological impacts of drought. Furthermore, the divergent regulatory pathways of bacterial and fungal communities to EMF suggest that improving ecosystem functionality may be achieved by enhancing bacterial diversity while mitigating fungal species interactions through reducing fungal diversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"293 ","pages":"128075"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143040019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhizosphere bacterial communities of Namib Desert plant species: Evidence of specialised plant-microbe associations.","authors":"Silindile Maphosa, Mégan Steyn, Pedro H Lebre, Jarishma K Gokul, Peter Convey, Eugene Marais, Gillian Maggs-Kölling, Don A Cowan","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2025.128076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rhizosphere microbial communities are intimately associated with plant root surfaces. The rhizosphere microbiome is recruited from the surrounding soil and is known to impact positively on the plant host via enhanced resistance to pathogens, increased nutrient availability, growth stimulation and increased resistance to desiccation. Desert ecosystems harbour a diversity of perennial and annual plant species, generally exhibiting considerable physiological adaptation to the low-water environment. In this study, we explored the rhizosphere bacterial microbiomes associated with selected desert plant species. The rhizosphere bacterial communities of 11 plant species from the central Namib Desert were assessed using 16S rRNA gene-dependent phylogenetic analyses. The rhizosphere microbial community of each host plant species was compared with control soils collected from their immediate vicinity, and with those of all other host plants. Rhizosphere and control soil bacterial communities differed significantly and were influenced by both location and plant species. Rhizosphere-associated genera included 67 known plant growth-promoting taxa, including Rhizobium, Bacillus, Microvirga, Kocuria and Paenibacillus. Other than Kocuria, these genera constituted the 'core' rhizosphere bacterial microbiome, defined as being present in > 90 % of the rhizosphere communities. Nine of the 11 desert plant species harboured varying numbers and proportions of species-specific microbial taxa. Predictive analyses of functional pathways linked to rhizosphere microbial taxa showed that these were significantly enriched in the biosynthesis or degradation of a variety of substances such as sugars, secondary metabolites, phenolic compounds and antimicrobials. Overall, our data suggest that plant species in the Namib Desert recruit unique taxa to their rhizosphere bacterial microbiomes that may contribute to their resilience in this extreme environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"293 ","pages":"128076"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143066812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responding to exogenous quorum-sensing signals promotes defense against phages by repressing OmpV expression in Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae.","authors":"Jinqing Ou, Siyuan Zhang, Mingyang Zhang, Jingyuan Zhang, Jiahong Xu, Nan Zhang, Yantao Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2025.128074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacteriophages as viral predators can restrict host strains and shape the bacterial community. Conversely, bacteria also adopt diverse strategies for phage defense. Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is the causal agent of bacterial canker on kiwifruit. Though Psa lacks quorum sensing signaling molecule synthase LuxI, two (PsaR1 and PsaR3) of three LuxR homologous were confirmed to bind with exogenous N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL), OXO-C8-HSL. The adsorption and infection efficiency of phage KBC54 to Psa significantly reduced by adding OXO-C8-HSL or heterologous expression of traI of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in Psa. By generating PsaR1 and PsaR3 mutants, as well as PsaR-AHL MST assays, we specified that the two PsaRs can recruit AHL to enhance bacterial resistance against phage. Absence of PsaR1 and PsaR3 resulted in up-regulation of the outer membrane protein OmpV, and knockout of ompV led to impaired phage adsorption efficiency. Given that OmpV specifically interacted with the phage tail fiber protein Tp3 in pull-down assay, we deduced that OmpV serves as a cell surface receptor recognized by phage. This study highlights the remarkable ability of Psa recruiting QS signals to inhibit phage infection. This may be a common strategy for non-AHL producing bacteria that evolved to take control of phage infection and promote host fitness by orchestrating QS signals in living niches.</p>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"293 ","pages":"128074"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glabridin restore the sensitivity of colistin against mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli by polypharmacology mechanism.","authors":"Qianwei Qu, Mengmeng Zhao, Haixin Peng, Zhenxin Zhu, Long Chen, Haojie Wu, Xiaona Liu, Yue Dong, Kang An, Yadan Zheng, Zhiyun Zhang, Yanyan Liu, Haoran Wang, Na Dong, Chunliu Dong, Yanhua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2025.128070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The clinical effectiveness of colistin against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative pathogen infections has been threatened by the emergence of the plasmid-mediated colistin-resistant gene mcr-1. This development underscores the urgent need for innovative therapeutic strategies that target resistance mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrated that glabridin can restore the sensitivity of colistin to mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli (E. coli) and exhibits a reduced propensity for resistance development. Our investigation into the underlying mechanisms revealed that glabridin may re-sensitize E. coli to colistin by targeting MCR-1 to inhibit its activity, regulating the expression of mcr-1, and restoring the Zeta potential at the cell membrane surface. Furthermore, the combination of glabridin and colistin increased bacterial membrane permeability, decreased membrane fluidity, disrupted transmembrane proton motive force (PMF), reduced the ratios of NAD⁺/NADH and FAD/FADH₂, facilitated the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and led to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in E. coli cells, ultimately resulting in bacterial death. In animal models, glabridin significantly enhanced the efficacy of colistin in treating E. coli infections. Our findings suggest that glabridin is a promising polypharmacological antibiotic adjuvant for addressing infections associated with colistin-resistant E. coli.</p>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"293 ","pages":"128070"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143024026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The GlnE protein of Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 plays a crucial role in the nodulation process of the legume host Sesbania rostrata.","authors":"Li Sun, Dandan Wang, Xiaolin Liu, Yanan Zhou, Shuaibing Wang, Xin Guan, Weiwei Huang, Chao Wang, Biao Gong, Zhihong Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2025.128072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The GlnE enzyme, functioning as an adenylyltransferase/adenylyl-removing enzyme, plays a crucial role in reversible adenylylation of glutamine synthetase (GS), which in turn regulates bacterial nitrogen assimilation. Genomic analysis of Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 revealed an open reading frame encoding a GlnE protein, whose function in the free-living and symbiotic states remains to be elucidated. A glnE deletion mutant retained high GS activity even under nitrogen-rich conditions. However, a reduction in growth was observed for the mutant strain at lower NH₄⁺ concentrations than for the wild-type strain. Furthermore, the ΔglnE mutant strain showed reduced motility on ammonium-containing media. Inactivation of GlnE led to an increase in root adhesion, biofilm formation, and nodulation on Sesbania rostrata. Nevertheless, the nodules induced by the glnE mutant strain were ineffective. In addition, A. caulinodans GlnE played a significant role in enhancing resistance against environmental stresses, such as heat, heavy metals, and cumene hydroperoxide. This study demonstrates that GlnE plays multiple regulatory roles in A. caulinodans beyond nitrogen metabolism and is essential for establishing symbiotic relationships with host plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"293 ","pages":"128072"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143023996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Vitexin alters Staphylococcus aureus surface hydrophobicity to obstruct biofilm formation\" [Microbiol. Res. 263 (2022) 127126].","authors":"Manash C Das, Sourabh Samaddar, Junaid Jibran Jawed, Chinmoy Ghosh, Shukdeb Acharjee, Padmani Sandhu, Antu Das, Akshay Vishnu Daware, Utpal C De, Subrata Majumdar, Sujoy K Das Gupta, Yusuf Akhter, Surajit Bhattacharjee","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2025.128058","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":" ","pages":"128058"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143008369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clarification of the biosynthetic gene cluster involved in the antifungal prodrug echinocandin B and its robust production in engineered Aspergillus pachycristatus.","authors":"Kaili Jiang, Pan Luo, Xinxin Wang, Ping Song, Jingjing Chen, Ling Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2025.128069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Echinocandin antifungals exhibit high efficacy against drug-resistant strains due to their unique mechanism of action. The production of their semi-synthetic precursors relies solely on microbial metabolism, leading to elevated production costs. Anidulafungin, an excellent echinocandin drug, is derived from echinocandin B (ECB), which is industrially produced by Aspergillus pachycristatus. However, the genes involved in the actual ECB biosynthesis remain unclear, which hinders yield improvements through engineered strains. This study systematically investigated the putative ECB biosynthetic gene cluster using genomic and transcriptomic profiling combined with gene editing. Among the 18 putative genes previously reported, only a 13-gene cluster (ecdA, ecdG-J, htyA-F) was found to be actively involved in ECB biosynthesis, while the remaining 5 genes (ecdB-F) were non-essential and functioned independently. Notably, we identified that htyC and htyD were involved in L-homotyrosine biosynthesis, while HtyF catalyzed the C4 hydroxylation of 3S-hydroxyl-L-homotyrosine. Most importantly, EcdJ was identified as a crucial global transcriptional activator regulating the ECB gene cluster. Deletion of ecdJ silenced all related genes and abolished ECB production. Accordingly, overexpressing ecdJ alone or combining ecdA and htyF together significantly enhanced ECB yield. Under optimized liquid fermentation conditions, ECB production in the OEecdJ strain achieved 841 ± 23.11 mg/L. Solid-state fermentation further enhanced the ECB yield to 1.5 g/L, which is 7.7-fold higher than that of the wild-type strain under initial liquid fermentation conditions. This study has thoroughly elucidated the functions of key genes involved in the ECB biosynthesis and provided effective strategies for enhancing antifungal prodrug-ECB production, achieving the highest ECB production in an engineering A. pachycristatus strain.</p>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"293 ","pages":"128069"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}