Microbiological research最新文献

{"title":"Plant growth-promoting microorganisms drive K strategists through deterministic processes to alleviate biological stress caused by Fusarium oxysporum","authors":"Liangyang Mao ,&nbsp;Bo Yin ,&nbsp;Zeming Ye ,&nbsp;Jie Kang ,&nbsp;Rui Sun ,&nbsp;Zhenchao Wu ,&nbsp;Jingping Ge ,&nbsp;Wenxiang Ping","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Soybean root rot, caused by soil-borne pathogens such as <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>, frequently occurs in Northeast China and leads to a decline in soil health and becoming a bottleneck for soybean yield in the region. To address this issue, applying beneficial microorganisms and altering soil microbial community structure have become effective strategies. In this study, the 90-day soybean pot experiment was conducted to explore the assembly process and life strategy selection of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of healthy (inoculated with <em>Funneliformis mosseae</em>, F group and treated with <em>Pseudomonas putida</em>, P group) and diseased (inoculated with <em>F. oxysporum</em>, O group) soybean plants, as well as the recovery effect of beneficial microorganisms on soil-borne diseases (combined treatments OP and OF). Results indicated that in healthy soils (P and F), microbial community assembly process in the soybean rhizosphere was entirely governed by heterogeneous selection (HeS, 100 %). However, inoculated with <em>P. putida</em> (OP) was primarily driven by stochastic processes (HeS 40 %, dispersal limitation (DL) 60 %), and the <em>F. mosseae</em> treatment (OF) predominantly followed a deterministic process (HeS 89 %, DL 11 %) in diseased soils. Inoculation of plant growth-promoting microorganisms (PGPMs) in diseased soil drove the life strategy of the rhizosphere bacterial community from r- to K-strategy, evident from the lower rRNA operon (rrn) copy numbers (O 3.7, OP 2.1, OF 2.3), higher G+ to G- ratios (O 0.47, OP 0.58, OF 0.57), and a higher abundance of oligotrophs (O 50 %, OP 53 %, OF 54 %). In healthy (P and F) and diseased (O, OP, OF) rhizosphere soils, OTU820, OTU6142, and OTU8841 under the K-strategy, and OTU6032 and OTU6917 under the r-strategy, which served as keystone species, had a significant promoting relationship with plant biomass and defense capabilities ( <em>p</em> ＜0.05). Additionally, inoculation of PGPMs improved autotoxin degradation and positively correlated with bacterial life strategies in both healthy and diseased soils (P, F, OP and OF) ( <em>p</em> ＜0.05). These findings enhance our understanding of soil-microbe interactions and offer new insights and precise control measures for soybean disease management and soil environment remediation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PGPR inoculants journey from lab to land: Challenges and limitations","authors":"Rishu Thakur ,&nbsp;Hena Dhar ,&nbsp;Supriya Mathew ,&nbsp;Arvind Gulati","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127910","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0944501324003112/pdfft?md5=24c1cb53336769340fa27c7e08bab670&pid=1-s2.0-S0944501324003112-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the genetic basis and metabolic rewiring behind the galactose-positive phenotype in a Streptococcus thermophilus mutant","authors":"Haimin Hu ,&nbsp;Qingting Peng ,&nbsp;Jiahui Tai ,&nbsp;Wenhui Lu ,&nbsp;Jinhui Liu ,&nbsp;Tong Dan","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127894","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127894","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Streptococcus thermophilus</em> (<em>S. thermophilus</em>) is a widely used starter culture in dairy fermentation, but most strains are galactose-negative and only metabolize glucose from lactose hydrolysis. In this study, we aimed to uncover the mechanisms underlying the acquisition of a stable galactose-positive (Gal⁺) phenotype in a mutant strain of <em>S. thermophilus</em> IMAU10636. By treating the wild-type strain with the mutagenic agent N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, we successfully isolated a Gal⁺ mutant, <em>S. thermophilus</em> IMAU10636Y. Comparative enzyme activity assays revealed that the mutant exhibited higher β-galactosidase and galactokinase activities, but lower glucokinase and pyruvate kinase activities compared to the wild-type. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis confirmed the mutant’s enhanced ability to utilize lactose and galactose, leading to increased glucose secretion. Integrated genome and transcriptomics analyses provided deeper insights into the underlying genetic and metabolic mechanisms. We found that the metabolism regulatory network of the glycolysis / Leloir pathway was altered in the mutant, possibly due to the upregulation of the gene expression in the <em>gal</em>R-<em>gal</em>K intergenic region. This likely led to increased RNA polymerase binding and transcription of the <em>gal</em> operon, ultimately promoting the Gal⁺ phenotype. Additionally, we identified a mutation in the <em>scr</em>R gene, encoding a LacI family transcriptional repressor, which also contributed to the Gal⁺ phenotype. These findings offer new perspectives on the metabolic rewiring and regulatory mechanisms that enable <em>S. thermophilus</em> to acquire the ability to metabolize galactose. This knowledge can inform strategies for engineering and selecting Gal⁺ strains with desirable fermentation characteristics for dairy applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142270638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KPC variants conferring resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains","authors":"Yanyan Hu ,&nbsp;Weiyi Shen ,&nbsp;Di Lin ,&nbsp;Yuchen Wu ,&nbsp;Yanyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Hongwei Zhou ,&nbsp;Rong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This study aimed to characterize three KPC variants (KPC-33, KPC-100, and KPC-201) obtained from a clinical isolate of <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (#700), along with two induced strains C109 and C108.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Genomic DNAs of #700 (ST235), C109 (ST463), and C108 (ST1076) were sequenced using Illumina and Oxford Nanopore technologies. The transferability and stability of the plasmid was assessed through conjugation experiments and plasmid stability experiments, respectively. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of bacterial strains were determined using broth microdilution methods. <em>In vitro</em> induction was performed using ceftazidime-avibactam (CZA) at concentrations of 6/4 µg/ml. Linear genomic alignments were visualized using Easyfig, and protein structure modeling of the novel KPC variant (KPC-201) was conducted using PyMol.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The plasmids carrying the KPC variants in the three CZA-resistant strains (C109, C108, and #700) had sizes of 39,251 bp (KPC-100), 394,978 bp (KPC-201), and 48,994 bp (KPC-33). All three plasmids belonged to the IncP-like incompatibility (Inc) groups, and the plasmid exhibited relatively high plasmid stability, KPC-33 and KPC-201-harboring plasmids were successfully transferred to the recipient strain <em>P. aeruginosa</em> PAO1^rifR. The genetic environments of the three <em>bla</em>_KPC genes differed from each other. The mobile elements of the three <em>bla</em>_KPC genes were as follows, Tn<em>AS1</em>-IS<em>26</em>-ΔIS<em>Kpn27</em>-<em>bla</em>_KPC-33-IS<em>Kpn6</em>-IS<em>26</em>, IS<em>6</em>-ΔIS<em>Kpn27</em>-<em>bla</em>_KPC-100-IS<em>Kpn6</em>-IS<em>26-</em>Tn<em>3-</em>IS<em>26</em>, and IS<em>6100</em>-IS<em>Kpn27-bla</em>_KPC-201-IS<em>Kpn6</em>-Tn<em>AS1</em>. Notably, the length of ΔIS<em>Kpn27</em> upstream of the <em>bla</em>_KPC-33 and <em>bla</em>_KPC-100 genes were remarkably short, measuring 114 bp and 56 bp, respectively, deviating significantly from typical lengths associated with IS<em>Kpn27</em> elements. Moreover, the novel KPC variant, KPC-201, featured a deletion of amino acids LDR at positions 161–163 in KPC-3, resulting in a looser pocket structure contributing to its avibactam resistance.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>KPC-201, identified as a novel KPC variant, exhibits resistance to CZA. The presence of multiple mobile elements surrounding the <em>bla</em>_KPC-variant genes on stable plasmids is concerning. Urgent preventive measures are crucial to curb its dissemination in clinical settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0944501324002945/pdfft?md5=8976363dad2e8b909be56f4372a0acf4&pid=1-s2.0-S0944501324002945-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142164225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elaborating the multifarious role of PGPB for sustainable food security under changing climate conditions","authors":"Margi Patel ,&nbsp;Shaikhul Islam ,&nbsp;Bernard R. Glick ,&nbsp;Shobhit Raj Vimal ,&nbsp;Sachin Ashok Bhor ,&nbsp;Matteo Bernardi ,&nbsp;Fatema Tuj Johora ,&nbsp;Ashish Patel ,&nbsp;Sergio de los Santos Villalobos","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127895","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127895","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Changing climate creates a challenge to agricultural sustainability and food security by changing patterns of parameters like increased UV radiation, rising temperature, altered precipitation patterns, and higher occurrence of extreme weather incidents. Plants are vulnerable to different abiotic stresses such as waterlogging, salinity, heat, cold, and drought in their natural environments. The prevailing agricultural management practices play a major role in the alteration of the Earth's climate by causing biodiversity loss, soil degradation through chemical and physical degradation, and pollution of water bodies. The extreme usage of pesticides and fertilizers leads to climate change by releasing greenhouse gases (GHGs) and depositing toxic substances in the soil. At present, there is an urgent need to address these abiotic stresses to achieve sustainable growth in agricultural production and fulfill the rising global food demand. Several types of bacteria that are linked with plants can increase plant resistance to stress and lessen the negative effects of environmental challenges. This review aims to explore the environmentally friendly capabilities and prospects of multi-trait plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) in the alleviation of detrimental impacts of harsh environmental conditions on plants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conjugative transmission of virulence plasmid in Klebsiella pneumoniae mediated by a novel IncN-like plasmid","authors":"Qi Xu ,&nbsp;Miaomiao Xie ,&nbsp;Xuemei Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaoxuan Liu ,&nbsp;Lianwei Ye ,&nbsp;Kaichao Chen ,&nbsp;Edward Wai-Chi Chan ,&nbsp;Sheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127896","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127896","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (<em>Kp</em>) is increasingly recognized as a reservoir for a range of antibiotic resistance genes and a pathogen that frequently causes severe infections in both hospital and community settings. In this study, we have identified a novel mechanism of conjugative transfer of a non-conjugative virulence plasmid through the formation of a fusion plasmid between the virulence plasmid and a novel 59,162 bp IncN- plasmid. This plasmid was found to be a multidrug-resistance (MDR) plasmid and carried a T4SS cluster, which greatly facilitated the efficient horizontal transfer of the fusion plasmid between <em>Kp</em> strains. The fused virulence plasmid conferred the resistance of serum killing and macrophage phagocytosis to the transconjugants. Importantly, this plasmid was shown to be essential for <em>Kp</em> virulence in a mouse model. Mechanistic analysis revealed that the virulence factors encoded by this virulence plasmid contributed to resistance to <em>in vivo</em> clearance and induced a high level of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β, which acts as an inducer for more neutrophil recruitment. The transmission of the fusion plasmid in <em>Kp</em> has the potential to convert it into both MDR and hypervirulent <em>Kp</em>, accelerating its evolution, and posing a serious threat to human health. The findings of this study provide new insights into the rapid evolution of MDR and hypervirulent <em>Kp</em> in recent years.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142164245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melatonin alleviates apple replant disease by regulating the endophytic microbiome of roots and phloridzin accumulation","authors":"Changqing Ma ,&nbsp;Peihua Du ,&nbsp;Yang Cao ,&nbsp;Huaite Liu ,&nbsp;Lisong Ma ,&nbsp;Bowen Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127897","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127897","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Melatonin administration is an environmentally effective strategy to mitigate apple replant disease (ARD), but its mechanism of action is unknown. This study investigated the protective effect of melatonin on ARD and the underlying mechanism. In field experiments, melatonin significantly reduced phloridzin levels in apple roots and rhizosphere soil. A correlation analysis indicated that a potential antagonistic interaction between melatonin and phloridzin was crucial for improving soil physicochemical properties, increasing the diversity of endophytic bacterial communities in roots of apple seedlings, and promoting mineral element absorption by the plants. Melatonin also reduced the abundance of <em>Fusarium</em> in roots. The ability of melatonin to reduce phloridzin levels both in soil and in plants was also demonstrated in a pot experiment. <em>Azovibrio</em> were specifically recruited in response to melatonin and their abundance was negatively correlated with phloridzin levels. <em>Fusarium</em> species that have a negative impact on plant growth were also inhibited by melatonin. Our results show that melatonin improves the rhizosphere environment as well as the structure of the endophytic microbiota community, by reducing phloridzin levels in rhizosphere soil and roots. These regulatory effects of melatonin support its use to improve the physiological state of plants under ARD conditions and thereby overcome the barriers of perennial cropping systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142145962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A ubiquitin-mediated post-translational degradation of Cyp51A contributes to a novel azole resistance mode in Aspergillus fumigatus","authors":"Guoxing Zhu,&nbsp;Mengjuan Fu,&nbsp;Yuanwei Zhang,&nbsp;Ling Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127891","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127891","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The airborne fungus <em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em> is a major pathogen that poses a serious health threat to humans by causing aspergillosis. Azole antifungals inhibit sterol 14-demethylase (encoded by <em>cyp51A</em>), an enzyme crucial for fungal cell survival. However, the most common mechanism of azole resistance in <em>A. fumigatus</em> is associated with the mutations in <em>cyp51A</em> and tandem repeats in its promoter, leading to reduced drug-enzyme interaction and overexpression of <em>cyp51A</em>. It remains unknown whether post-translational modifications of Cyp51A contribute to azole resistance. In this study, we report that the Cyp51A expression is highly induced upon exposure to itraconazole, while its ubiquitination level is significantly reduced by itraconazole. Loss of the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc7 confers resistance to multiple azole antifungals but hinders hyphal growth, conidiation, and virulence. Western blot and immunoprecipitation assays show that deletion of <em>ubc7</em> reduces Cyp51A degradation by impairing its ubiquitination, thereby leading to drug resistance. Most importantly, the overexpression of <em>ubc7</em> in common environmental and clinical azole-resistant <em>cyp51A</em> isolates partially restores azole sensitivity. Our findings demonstrate a non-<em>cyp51A</em> mutation-based resistance mechanism and uncover a novel role of post-translational modification in contributing to azole resistance in <em>A. fumigatus</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142148481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial encounter structure regulates the mitochondrial morphology, DON biosynthesis and toxisome formation in Fusarium graminearum","authors":"Jichang Song ,&nbsp;Yige Li ,&nbsp;Ziyang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinlong Gao ,&nbsp;Shengxue Li ,&nbsp;Jie Zhang ,&nbsp;Mingguo Zhou ,&nbsp;Yabing Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127892","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127892","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial encounter structure (ERMES) complex is known to play crucial roles in various cellular processes. However, its functional significance in filamentous fungi, particularly its impact on deoxynivalenol (DON) biosynthesis in <em>Fusarium graminearum</em>, remains inadequately understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the regulatory function of the ERMES complex in <em>F. graminearum</em>. Our findings indicate significant changes in mitochondrial morphology of ERMES mutants, accompanied by decreased ATP content and ergosterol production. Notably, the toxisome formation in the ERMES mutant ΔFgMDM10 was defective, resulting in a substantial reduction in DON biosynthesis. This suggests a pivotal role of ERMES in toxisome formation, as evidenced by the pronounced inhibition of toxisome formation when ERMES was disrupted by boscalid. Furthermore, ERMES deficiencies were shown to diminish the virulence of <em>F. graminearum</em> towards host plants significantly. In conclusion, our results suggest ERMES is an important regulator of mitochondrial morphology, DON biosynthesis, and toxisome formation in <em>F. graminearum</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0944501324002933/pdfft?md5=47dc1cf725902f89c167c2c6bdd688eb&pid=1-s2.0-S0944501324002933-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142164224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidation of PGPR-responsive OsNAM2 regulates salt tolerance in Arabidopsis by AFP2 and SUS protein interaction","authors":"Harshita Joshi ,&nbsp;Klaus Harter ,&nbsp;Leander Rohr ,&nbsp;Shashank Kumar Mishra ,&nbsp;Puneet Singh Chauhan","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127890","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2024.127890","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying salt stress responses in plants, focusing on the regulatory roles of OsNAM2, a gene influenced by the plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium <em>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</em> (SN13). The study examines how SN13-modulated OsNAM2 enhances salt tolerance in Arabidopsis through physiological, biochemical, and molecular analyses. Overexpression of OsNAM2, especially with SN13 inoculation, improves germination, seedling growth, root length, and biomass under high NaCl concentrations compared to wild-type plants, indicating a synergistic effect. OsNAM2 overexpression enhances relative water content, reduces electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde accumulation, and increases proline content, suggesting better membrane integrity and stress endurance. Furthermore, SN13 and OsNAM2 overexpression modulates essential metabolic genes involved in glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, facilitating metabolic adjustments crucial for salt stress adaptation. The interaction of OsNAM2 with SUS, facilitated by SN13, suggests enhanced sucrose metabolism efficiency, providing substrates for protective responses. Additionally, OsNAM2 plays a regulatory role in the ABA signaling pathway through significant protein-protein interactions like with AFP2. This study highlights the intricate interplay between SN13-responsive OsNAM2 and key signaling pathways, suggesting strategies for enhancing crop salt tolerance through targeted genetic and microbial interventions</p></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142145961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}