Microbiological research最新文献

{"title":"Extracellular DNA and polysaccharide intercellular adhesin protect Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms from phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear neutrophils","authors":"Dominique C.S. Evans ,&nbsp;Alexander A. Mitkin ,&nbsp;Holger Rohde ,&nbsp;Rikke L. Meyer","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Staphylococcus epidermidis</em> is the leading cause of implant-associated infections, where it forms biofilms that are highly effective at evading the immune system. Here we investigate to what extent the biofilm extracellular matrix components extracellular DNA (eDNA) and polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA) protect <em>S. epidermidis</em> from phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). We visualised phagocytosis using time-lapse confocal laser scanning microscopy of PMN interacting with planktonic <em>S. epidermidis</em> and 24 h old biofilms formed by the wildtype strain or mutant strains lacking either eDNA or PIA. We also compared phagocytosis of 24 h vs. 6 h old biofilms. PMN easily moved around and phagocytised <em>S. epidermidis</em> that were adhered to a surface from a planktonic culture. In contrast, PMN quickly became immobilised when interacting with biofilms. Very few PMN were able to phagocytise young (6 h) and mature (24 h) biofilms, suggesting that the accumulation of matrix components quickly provides a protective effect. Biofilms lacking either eDNA or PIA were much less dense, and many more PMN were able to phagocytise bacteria in these biofilms. Our findings suggest that both eDNA and PIA contribute to the ability of <em>S. epidermidis</em> biofilms to resist phagocytosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 128176"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143833825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward deciphering the molecular dialogue in the rhizomicrobiota: Transcriptomic profiling of Trichoderma in rhizobia interaction","authors":"Francesca Vaccaro ,&nbsp;Priscilla P. Bettini ,&nbsp;Pierre-Emmanuel Courty ,&nbsp;Alessio Mengoni ,&nbsp;Iacopo Passeri ,&nbsp;Sabrina Sarrocco ,&nbsp;Camilla Fagorzi","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbial interactions are of key importance for the emergent properties of microbiota and ecosystems, playing a pivotal role in plant health, growth, and productivity. This study explores the interactions between soil fungi and rhizosphere bacteria, focusing specifically on fungi belonging to the genus <em>Trichoderma</em> and the plant symbiotic bacterium <em>Sinorhizobium meliloti</em>. Our aim is to provide evidence of the impact of different strains of the same bacterial species on the fungus. By analysing the effects of four <em>S. meliloti</em> strains on gene expression of <em>T. velutinum</em>, we revealed the presence of several differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (from 139 to 254 genes) indicating a remodelling of its metabolism and growth. Remarkably, the majority of the DEGs (∼90 %) could not be assigned to function, indicating the presence of a large genetic “unknown space” potentially involved in fungal-bacterial interactions. Moreover, results indicated that transcriptomic profiles of <em>T. velutinum</em> significantly changed with respect to the four <em>S. meliloti</em> strains, suggesting the ability of the fungus to perceive the presence of specific bacterial strains. Our study emphasizes that strain specificity of microbial interactions could play crucial role in shaping microbiota functions, and highlights their potential impact on the success of bioinoculants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 128180"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of probiotic properties and safety of a Bacillus strain for shrimp farming: Integrating in vitro testing, genomic analysis and in vivo validation","authors":"Guangcai Qin ,&nbsp;Dehao Wang ,&nbsp;Kai Luo ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Yumeng Xie ,&nbsp;Mingyang Wang ,&nbsp;Changlin Li ,&nbsp;Ruiyong Fan ,&nbsp;Xiangli Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the probiotic properties and safety of <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> subsp. <em>inaquosorum</em> BSXE-2102 through <em>in vitro</em> testing, genomic analysis, and <em>in vivo</em> validation in shrimp farming. <em>In vitro</em> assays revealed the potent antagonistic activity of BSXE-2102 against 8 aquatic pathogenic strains. Genomic analysis of BSXE-2102 unveiled multiple genes responsible for the biosynthesis of 12 secondary metabolites, indicating its potential in combating pathogens. The identification of stress tolerance and adhesion-related genes suggested that BSXE-2102 has the ability to survive and colonize the host environment. The presence of numerous genes involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and amino acids, as well as the biosynthesis of 13 amino acids, 5 organic acids, and 7 vitamins, highlighted its role in food digestion and nutrition provision. Additionally, genes related to immune stimulation were identified, underscoring its potential immunomodulatory effects. Safety assessments, including antibiotic resistance tests, hemolytic assays, and genomic analyses, indicated that BSXE-2102 was sensitive to all antibiotics tested and did not carry high-risk antibiotic resistance genes. The strain also exhibited no hemolytic activity and lacked high-risk virulence factor-coding genes. The <em>in vivo</em> feeding experiment demonstrated that dietary supplementation with BSXE-2102 (at concentrations of 1 × 10⁵, 1 × 10⁶, 1 × 10⁷, and 1 × 10⁸ CFU/g) improved growth performance, enhanced 8 serological immune parameters, upregulated the expression levels of 8 hepatopancreatic immune-related genes, and increased resistance against <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> of <em>Penaeus vannamei</em> to varying degrees. These results were consistent with the findings from <em>in vitro</em> assays and genomic analyses. Collectively, the <em>in vitro</em>, genomic, and <em>in vivo</em> findings supported the safe use of <em>B. subtilis</em> BSXE-2102 as a potential probiotic to enhance the growth performance, immune capacity, and disease resistance of <em>P. vannamei</em>. A supplementation concentration of 1 × 10^7–8 CFU/g for the strain in shrimp feed is recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 128179"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiome engineering to palliate microbial dysbiosis occurring in agroecosystems","authors":"Romain Darriaut,&nbsp;Céline Roose-Amsaleg,&nbsp;Mathieu Vanhove,&nbsp;Cécile Monard","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant health and productivity are closely tied to the fluctuations of soil microbiomes, which regulate biogeochemical processes and plant-soil interactions. However, environmental and anthropogenic stressors, including climate change, intensive agricultural practices, and industrial activities, disrupt these microbial communities. This microbial imbalance reduces soil fertility, plant health, and biodiversity, threatening agroecosystem sustainability. This review explores the mechanisms driving microbial dysbiosis in soil and plant environments. Plants under stress release chemical signals through root exudates, dynamically recruiting beneficial microbes to counteract microbial imbalances. Moreover, this review evaluates traditional methods to alleviate these stress-induced microbial alterations, such as microbial inoculants and organic soil amendments, alongside innovative strategies like phage therapy, CRISPR, and small RNA-based technologies. Despite these advancements, the practical implementation of microbiome interventions faces significant challenges. These include regulatory hurdles, economic constraints, and the need for long-term field studies to validate efficacy and ensure environmental safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 128178"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic action of non-digestible xylooligosaccharide and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZDY2013 against high fat diet and streptozocin-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus in rats","authors":"Ying Zhan ,&nbsp;Na Zhang ,&nbsp;Kaiming Wang ,&nbsp;Jinmei Li ,&nbsp;Mingliang Jin ,&nbsp;Nagendra P. Shah ,&nbsp;Hua Wei ,&nbsp;Zhihong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) often exhibit reduced <em>Lactobacillus</em> abundance, dysregulated immune responses, disrupted intestinal barrier integrity, and increased insulin resistance. Consumption of non-digestible oligosaccharides has been shown to support the persistence of <em>Lactobacillus</em> in the gut and improve gut homeostasis. <em>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</em> ZDY2013, a probiotic capable of metabolizing various oligosaccharides, serves as a potent regulator of intestinal mucosal immunity. In this study, we investigated the potential ameliorative effects of xylooligosaccharides combined with <em>L. plantarum</em> ZDY2013 (synbiotic) on T2DM-induced intestinal injury and explored the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that synbiotic improved glucose metabolism, reduced lipid accumulation, and alleviated insulin resistance in T2DM rats. Moreover, synbiotic outperformed <em>L. plantarum</em> ZDY2013 alone in restoring intestinal barrier integrity by suppressing oxidative stress and intestinal inflammation, while significantly enhancing the colonization of <em>L. plantarum</em> ZDY2013 and altering the abundance of key bacterial genera. Interestingly, synbiotic treatment also increased the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which were strongly associated with specific bacterial taxa. Furthermore, gut microbiota-derived SCFAs were confirmed to ameliorate insulin resistance by promoting glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in IR-HepG2 cells. Collectively, these findings suggest the potential use of synbiotics as a clinical intervention to ameliorate T2DM. This study provides a rationale for exploring dietary approaches as a mitigating strategy for managing long-standing diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 128174"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptional regulator-based biosensors for biomanufacturing in Corynebacterium glutamicum","authors":"Jie Liu ,&nbsp;Wei-Guo Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhi-Ming Rao","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intracellular biosensors based on transcriptional regulators have become essential instruments in biomanufacturing, extensively employed for the semi-quantitative assessment of intracellular metabolites, high-throughput screening of production strains, and the directed evolution of enzymes. <em>Corynebacterium glutamicum</em> serves as an industrial chassis for the production of amino acids and a variety of high-value-added chemicals. This paper discusses the varieties and modes of action of transcriptional regulators employed in the construction of intracellular biosensors in <em>C. glutamicum</em>. It also reviews the design principles and progress in the application of transcriptional regulator-based biosensors. Furthermore, measures designed to improve the efficacy of these biosensors are delineated. The challenges and future prospects of biosensors based on transcriptional regulators in practical applications are analyzed. This review seeks to offer theoretical direction for the systematic design and development of transcriptional regulator-based biosensors and to aid researchers in enhancing the growth and productivity of microbial production strains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 128169"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trojan horse strategy and TfR/ LDLR-Mediated transcytosis determine the dissemination of mycobacteria in tuberculous meningoencephalitis","authors":"Ziyi Liu,&nbsp;Yuanzhi Wang,&nbsp;Yuhui Dong,&nbsp;Haoran Wang,&nbsp;Zhengmin Liang,&nbsp;Ruichao Yue,&nbsp;Xiangmei Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuberculous meningoencephalitis (TBM), caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, stands as one of the most lethal infections affecting the central nervous system (CNS). The understanding of the mechanisms underlying the neuroinvasion of Mycobacterium bovis (<em>M. bovis</em>) remains limited. Our findings reveal that <em>M. bovis</em> could exploit host transferrin receptor (TfR)- and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-mediated transcytosis, while simultaneously utilizing infected macrophages as vectors to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Infected macrophages accelerate the <em>M. bovis’</em> neuroinvasion and promote its proliferation and dissemination to various organs. Persistent infection disrupts BBB integrity by degrading tight junction proteins and upregulating intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (iCAM-1), facilitating macrophage adhesion and migration, which contribute to the pathogen’s entry into the brain. This study established a murine TBM model by administering <em>M. bovis</em> through carotid artery injection, accurately mimicking the interactions between the pathogen and the BBB. These findings offer insights into the mechanisms of TBM and serve as a foundation for developing targeted therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 128172"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143799776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant growth-promoting microorganisms: New insights and the way forward","authors":"Parissa Taheri ,&nbsp;Gerardo Puopolo ,&nbsp;Gustavo Santoyo","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of global challenges such as climate change, soil degradation, and food security, understanding the modes of action of Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms (PGPMs), their formulation, and their application is crucial and can be more focused in future research projects. This editorial paper aims to elucidate diverse modes of action employed by different types of PGPMs, including nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubilization, production or regulation of phytohormones, and plant protection against environmental and biotic stresses as demonstrated and discussed in the Special Issue entitled “Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganisms: new insights and the way forward”.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 128168"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clostridium butyricum ameliorates post-gastrectomy insulin resistance by regulating the mTORC1 signaling pathway through the gut-liver axis","authors":"Zhipeng He ,&nbsp;Huan Xiong ,&nbsp;Yujie Cai ,&nbsp;Wenjing Chen ,&nbsp;Meng Shi ,&nbsp;Lulin Liu ,&nbsp;Kai Wu ,&nbsp;Xi Deng ,&nbsp;Xiaorong Deng ,&nbsp;Tingtao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Postoperative insulin resistance (IR) is a metabolic disorder characterized by decreased insulin sensitivity and elevated blood glucose levels following major surgery. Our previous clinical study identified a notable correlation between postoperative IR and gut microbiota, particularly butyrate-producing bacteria, yet the mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we established gastric resection SD rat models to evaluate the impact of <em>Clostridium butyricum</em> NCU-27 (butyrate-producing bacteria) on postoperative IR. The results demonstrated significant reductions in fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FIns) levels, and HOMA-IR (6.64 ± 0.76 vs. 11.47 ± 1.32; 4.27 ± 0.59 vs. 7.40 ± 0.54) in the postoperative period compared to the control group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). Additionally, glucose tolerance and hepatic glycogen content were markedly improved (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Further exploration of butyrate demonstrated effects similar to <em>C. butyricum</em> NCU-27, potentially mediated through the gut-liver axis by inhibiting mTORC1 expression in liver cells, activating the IRS1/AKT pathway, enhancing glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis, suppressing gluconeogenesis, increasing insulin sensitivity, and improving IR. Finally, the use of mTORC1 agonists and inhibitors further confirmed the critical role of the mTORC1 pathway in mediating the beneficial effects of <em>C. butyricum</em> NCU-27 and butyrate on postoperative IR. In conclusion, this study elucidated that <em>C. butyricum</em> NCU-27 improves postoperative IR by regulating butyrate metabolism and inhibiting the mTORC1 pathway, offering new insights for preventing and treating post-gastrectomy IR.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 128154"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143777211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Rhizobium etli response regulator CenR is essential for both: Free-life and the rhizobial nitrogen-fixing symbiosis","authors":"María M. Banda ,&nbsp;M.P. Elizabeth Salas-Ocampo ,&nbsp;Marisa Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Sofía Martínez-Absalón ,&nbsp;Alfonso Leija-Salas ,&nbsp;Rocío Reyero-Saavedra ,&nbsp;Mishael Sánchez-Pérez ,&nbsp;Georgina Hernández ,&nbsp;Dimitris Georgellis ,&nbsp;Ayari Fuentes-Hernández ,&nbsp;Lourdes Girard","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The canonical two-component systems (TCS) consist of a histidine kinase and a response regulator that work together to control various pathways in bacteria. Rhizobia are rod-shaped, Gram-negative alpha-proteobacteria capable of establishing a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with compatible legume hosts. These bacteria can live freely in the soil or as intracellular symbionts within root nodules. Here, we characterized an orphan OmpR-type response regulator in <em>Rhizobium etli</em> CE3, which we renamed CenR due to its similarity to CenR proteins known as essential regulators of cell envelope-related functions in alpha-proteobacteria. We identified the cognate histidine kinase encoded by <em>cenK</em>, located in a separate genomic region from <em>cenR</em>. CenR and CenK form a TCS that has not been previously reported in <em>Rhizobium</em>. Our results indicate that the overexpression of <em>cenR</em> as well as the absence of <em>cenK,</em> negatively impacts <em>R. etli</em> growth and cell morphology, while bacteria overexpressing <em>cenR</em> also exhibit uncoordinated cell division. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the CenKR TCS directly or indirectly regulates the expression of essential genes involved in pathways that control cell growth and morphology. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed that CenR binds directly to the promoter regions of two uncharacterized genes in <em>R. etli</em>. Furthermore, analysis of the <em>R. etli</em> - common bean (<em>Phaseolus vulgaris</em>) symbiosis revealed increased infection threads, reduced leghemoglobin content, and lower nitrogen fixation efficiency in nodules infected by the <em>cenR</em>-overexpressing strain. In conclusion, our findings revealed that the CenKR TCS coordinates important cell cycle events in <em>Rhizobium</em> that are vital for both free-living and symbiotic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 128159"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}