Microbiological research最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the synergistic potential of Trichoderma gamsii T6085 and Clonostachys rosea IK726 for biological control of Fusarium head blight in wheat","authors":"Arianna Petrucci ,&nbsp;Marco Cesarini ,&nbsp;Isabel Vicente ,&nbsp;Lucia Merani ,&nbsp;Birgit Jensen ,&nbsp;David B. Collinge ,&nbsp;Sabrina Sarrocco","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We explore the combined use of two beneficial fungal isolates, <em>Trichoderma gamsii</em> T6085 (<em>Tg</em>) and <em>Clonostachys rosea</em> IK726 (<em>Cr</em>), to enhance Fusarium head blight (FHB) management by biological control. We found no evidence for mycoparasitism or inhibition via diffusible metabolites, but <em>Tg</em> volatiles inhibited <em>Cr</em> growth slightly. Although <em>Cr</em> reduced <em>Tg</em> spore germination and mycelial growth in liquid culture, this effect seemed absent in <em>planta</em>. The BCAs differently modulated defence-related (DR) genes when colonizing roots or spikes. At seven days post-inoculation (dpi), root-applied <em>Cr</em>, alone and co-inoculated, induced a minor upregulation of <em>PR1.</em> In leaves, a systemic signalling response by root inoculation was detected. In spikes, <em>Pal1</em>, <em>PR1</em>, and <em>Lox1</em> were upregulated by <em>Cr</em> alone and co-inoculated at 96 hours post-inoculation (hpi). However, <em>Lox1</em> activation was enhanced by co-inoculation. On spikes inoculated with <em>Fg</em>, the BCAs revealed different patterns of DR gene modulation indicating involvement of different biocontrol mechanisms. In detail, <em>Pgip2</em> was primarily upregulated at 24 hpi in co-inoculated spikes whereas at 72 hpi activation of DR genes was observed only with <em>Tg</em>. Notably, the disease incidence was reduced by 93 % by co-inoculation. In addition, the inoculum potential of <em>F. graminearum</em> on straw was reduced by all BCAs treatments, with ≥ 96 % reduction of perithecia after six months incubation. Our results show the potential of combining <em>Tg</em> and <em>Cr</em> as a more effective and stable FHB management strategy, than by treatments with the individual strains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 128152"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achievements and challenges in glucose oxidase-instructed multimodal synergistic antibacterial applications","authors":"Rui-nan Zhao ,&nbsp;Yi-yin Ke ,&nbsp;Hui-yan Sun ,&nbsp;Chunshan Quan ,&nbsp;Qingsong Xu ,&nbsp;Jun Li ,&nbsp;Jing-qi Guan ,&nbsp;Yan-mei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glucose oxidase (GOx) with unique catalytic properties and inherent biocompatibility can effectively oxidize both endogenous and exogenous glucose with oxygen (O₂) into gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). Accordingly, the GOx-based catalytic chemistry offers new possibilities for designing and constructing multimodal synergistic antibacterial systems. The consumption of glucose permanently downregulates bacterial cell metabolism by blocking essential energy supplies, inhibiting their growth and survival. Additionally, the production of gluconic acid could downregulates the pH within the bacterial infection microenvironment, enhancing the production of hydroxyl radicals (∙OH) from H₂O₂ via enhanced Fenton or Fendon-like reactions and triggering the pH-responsive release of drugs. Furthermore, the generated H₂O₂ in situ avoids the addition of exogenous hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, it is possible to design GOx-based multimodal antibacterial synergistic therapies by combining GOx-instructed cascade reactions with other therapeutic approaches such as chemodynamic therapies (CDT), hypoxia-activated prodrugs, photosensitizers, and stimuli-responsive drug release. Such multimodal strategies are expected to exhibit better therapeutic effects than single therapeutic modes. This tutorial review highlights recent advancements in GOx-instructed multimodal synergistic antibacterial systems, focusing on design philosophy and construction strategies. Current challenges and future prospects for advancing GOx-based multimodal antibacterial synergistic therapies are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 128149"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Haem is involved in the NO-mediated regulation by Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens NnrR transcription factor","authors":"Andrea Jiménez-Leiva ,&nbsp;Juan J. Cabrera ,&nbsp;María J. Torres ,&nbsp;David J. Richardson ,&nbsp;Eulogio J. Bedmar ,&nbsp;Andrew J. Gates ,&nbsp;María J. Delgado ,&nbsp;Socorro Mesa","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitric oxide (NO) and the greenhouse gas (GHG) nitrous oxide (N₂O) contribute significantly to climate change. In rhizobia, the denitrifying enzyme <em>c</em>-type nitric oxide reductase (cNor), encoded by <em>norCBQD</em> genes, is crucial for maintaining a delicate balance of NO and N₂O levels. In the soybean endosymbiont <em>Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens,</em> maximal expression of <em>norCBQD</em> genes in response to NO is controlled by NnrR, which belongs to a distinct clade of the CRP/FNR family of bacterial transcription factors. This protein participates in the FixLJ-FixK₂-NnrR regulatory cascade that induces denitrification genes expression in response to oxygen limitation and nitrogen oxides. However, the molecular mechanism underpinning NO sensing by <em>B. diazoefficiens</em> NnrR has remained elusive. Here, we revealed that NnrR induces <em>norCBQD</em> gene expression in response to NO uncoupled from the superimposed FixK₂ control. Moreover, NO-mediated induction by NnrR is dependent on haem, as the expression of a <em>norC-lacZ</em> fusion was impaired in a <em>hemN</em>_<em>2</em> mutant defective in haem biosynthesis. <em>In vitro</em> studies showed that NnrR bound haem with a 1:1 stoichiometry (monomer:haem), according to titration experiments of recombinant NnrR protein with hemin performed under anaerobic conditions. Furthermore, the full UV-Visible spectra of haem-reconstituted NnrR showed a peak at 411 nm (ferric form), and at 425 nm (ferrous derivative). This latter complex was able to bind NO under anaerobic conditions. Finally, we performed a functional mutagenesis of specific residues in NnrR predicted as putative ligands for haem binding. While H11 was important for <em>norC</em> expression and Nor activity, a H11A-H56A protein variant showed a reduced affinity for haem binding. Taken together, our results identify haem as the cofactor for NnrR-mediated NO sensing in <em>B. diazoefficiens</em> denitrification, with H11 as a key residue for NnrR function, providing the first insight into the mechanism of an NnrR-type protein. These findings advance our understanding of how bacterial systems orchestrate the denitrification process and respond to environmental cues such as NO.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"297 ","pages":"Article 128151"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143760466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of iturin from Bacillus velezensis DMW1 in suppressing growth and pathogenicity of Plectosphaerella cucumerina in tomato by reshaping the rhizosphere microbial communities","authors":"Qian Zhao ,&nbsp;Qurban Ali ,&nbsp;Weiwei Yuan ,&nbsp;Gege Zhang ,&nbsp;Hui Li ,&nbsp;Longteng Zhou ,&nbsp;Hemin Yao ,&nbsp;Junjun Chong ,&nbsp;Qin Gu ,&nbsp;Huijun Wu ,&nbsp;Xuewen Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant-associated microbiomes play a crucial role in suppressing plant and soil pathogens. However, the mechanisms by which pathogen invasion influences the interaction between bacteria and fungi remain unknown and warrant further investigation. In this study, <em>Bacillus</em> spp. was found to be more abundant in diseased rhizosphere in the presence of the soil-borne fungus <em>Plectosphaerella cucumerina</em>. Most of the isolated <em>Bacillu</em>s spp. exhibited a robust ability to balance reactive oxygen species (ROS) and demonstrated broad-spectrum antagonistic activity against <em>P. cucumerina, Phytophthora capsica, Fusarium oxysporum,</em> and <em>Ralstonia solanacearum.</em> The secondary metabolite iturin was identified as the key antifungal compound produced by the representative strain <em>Bacillus velezensis</em> DMW1, which effectively inhibits fungal growth and disrupts cell structures. Transcriptome analysis revealed that fungi treated with iturin (28.67 µg/mL) exhibited 4995 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 2611 upregulated genes and 2384 downregulated genes, compared to the control group. Furthermore, the application of DMW1 and return-deficient mutant (Δ<em>itu</em>) significantly altered microbial diversity and enriched beneficial microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil. The overall findings highlight the potential of DMW1 as a promising biological agent for controlling soil-borne diseases. Its strong antimicrobial properties, ability to colonize host plants effectively, and capacity to reshape the soil microbiota make it a valuable resource for enhancing microbial ecosystems and providing long-term benefits to plants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 128150"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation of phages infecting the zoonotic pathogen Streptococcus suis reveals novel structural and genomic characteristics","authors":"Emmanuel Kuffour Osei ,&nbsp;Reuben O’Hea ,&nbsp;Christian Cambillau ,&nbsp;Ankita Athalye ,&nbsp;Frank Hille ,&nbsp;Charles M.A.P. Franz ,&nbsp;Áine O’Doherty ,&nbsp;Margaret Wilson ,&nbsp;Gemma G.R. Murray ,&nbsp;Lucy A. Weinert ,&nbsp;Edgar Garcia Manzanilla ,&nbsp;Jennifer Mahony ,&nbsp;John G. Kenny","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128147","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128147","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bacteriophage research has experienced a renaissance in recent years, owing to their therapeutic potential and versatility in biotechnology, particularly in combating antibiotic resistant-bacteria along the farm-to-fork continuum. However, certain pathogens remain underexplored as targets for phage therapy, including the zoonotic pathogen <em>Streptococcus suis</em> which causes infections in pigs and humans. Despite global efforts, the genome of only one infective <em>S. suis</em> phage has been described. Here, we report the isolation of two phages that infect <em>S. suis</em>: Bonnie and Clyde. The phages infect 58 of 100 <em>S. suis</em> strains tested, including representatives of seven different serotypes and thirteen known sequence types from diverse geographical origins. Clyde suppressed bacterial growth <em>in vitro</em> within two multi-strain mixes designed to simulate a polyclonal <em>S. suis</em> infection. Both phages demonstrated stability across various temperatures and pH levels, highlighting their potential to withstand storage conditions and maintain viability in delivery formulations. Genome comparisons revealed that neither phage shares significant nucleotide identity with any cultivated phages in the NCBI database and thereby represent novel species belonging to two distinct novel genera. This study is the first to investigate the adhesion devices of <em>S. suis</em> infecting phages. Structure prediction and analysis of adhesion devices with AlphaFold2 revealed two distinct lineages of <em>S. suis</em> phages: <em>Streptococcus thermophilus</em>-like (Bonnie) and <em>S. suis</em>-like (Clyde). The structural similarities between the adhesion devices of Bonnie and <em>S. thermophilus</em> phages, despite the lack of nucleotide similarity and differing ecological niches, suggest a common ancestor or convergent evolution, highlighting evolutionary links between pathogenic and non-pathogenic streptococcal species. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic and phenotypic characteristics of phages that can infect <em>S. suis</em>, providing new data for the therapeutic application of phages in a One Health context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 128147"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota-driven BCAA biosynthesis via Staphylococcus aureus -expressed acetolactate synthase impairs glycemic control in type 2 diabetes in South China","authors":"Tingting Liang ,&nbsp;Tong Jiang ,&nbsp;Zhuang Liang ,&nbsp;Longyan Li ,&nbsp;Ya Chen ,&nbsp;Tong Chen ,&nbsp;Lingshuang Yang ,&nbsp;Ni Zhang ,&nbsp;Bo Dong ,&nbsp;Xinqiang Xie ,&nbsp;Bing Gu ,&nbsp;Qingping Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An increase in branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) levels can result in insulin resistance at different stages of type 2 diabetes (T2D), however, the causes of this increase are unclear. We performed metagenomics and metabolomics profiling in patients with prediabetes (PDM), newly diagnosed diabetes (NDDM), and post-medication type 2 diabetes (P2DM) to investigate whether altered gut microbes and metabolites could explain the specific clinical characteristics of different disease stages of T2D. Here we identify acetolactate synthase (ALS) a BCAA biosynthesis enzyme in <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> as a cause of T2D insulin resistance. Compared with healthy peoples, patients with PDM, NDDM, and P2DM groups, especially in P2DM group, have increased faecal numbers of <em>S. aureus</em>. We also demonstrated that insulin administration may be a risk factor for <em>S. aureus</em> infection in T2D. The presence of ALS-positive <em>S. aureus</em> correlated with the levels of BCAAs and was associated with an increased fasting blood glucose (FBG) and insulin resistance. Humanized microbiota transplantation experiment indicated that ALS contributes to disordered insulin resistance mediated by <em>S. aureus</em>. We also found that <em>S. aureus</em> phage can reduced the FBG levels and insulin resistance in db/db mice. The ALS-positive <em>S. aureus</em> are associated with insulin resistance in T2D, opening a new therapeutic avenue for the prevention or treatment of diabetes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 128145"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143696822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VacA promotes pyroptosis via TNFAIP3/TRAF1 signaling to induce onset of atrophic gastritis","authors":"Shilang Xiao ,&nbsp;Yicun Shen ,&nbsp;Minglin Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Liu ,&nbsp;Ting Cai ,&nbsp;Fen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Atrophic gastritis (AG) is a chronic inflammation where gastric glandular cells are replaced by intestinal-type epithelium. Gastric epithelial cell loss is often linked to multiple cell death signaling pathways. While <em>Helicobacter pylori</em> (<em>H. pylori</em>) infection is the main cause of AG, its role in inducing cell death goes beyond apoptosis and autophagy. Pyroptosis could promote development of inflammation related cancers, but its involvement in <em>H. pylori</em>-induced malignant transformation remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The enrichment of pyroptosis signaling across pathological stages was assessed using immunohistochemistry and bioinformatic analysis. Gastric epithelial cells were co-cultured with VacA recombinant protein or VacA⁺ <em>H. pylori</em> to investigate the role of VacA in pyroptosis, and its downstream targets. TNFAIP3 or TRAF1 was silenced/overexpressed in gastric epithelial cells to explore their impact on pyroptosis. Finally, the interaction between TNFAIP3 and TRAF1 was examined using Western Blot, immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation and ubiquitin assays.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Expression of pyroptosis components and pyroptosis enrichment score were upregulated in AG and gastric cancer tissues compared to normal or non-atrophic gastritis tissues. Upon incubation with VacA recombinant protein or VacA⁺ <em>H. pylori</em>, pyroptosis and TNFAIP3/TRAF1 were elevated in gastric epithelial cells. TRAF1 promoted expression of downstream pyroptosis components and release of IL-1β/IL18. TRAF1 ablation could reverse pyroptosis activation caused by VacA. Finally, we proved TNFAIP3 as deubiquitinating enzyme to increase TRAF1 stability, further inducing pyroptosis.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The VacA/TNFAIP3/TRAF1 signaling cascade facilitates pyroptosis in <em>H. pylori-</em> infected tissue. Overactivation of Pyroptosis caused the atrophy-like morphological changes of gastric epithelium, further inducing sustainable malignant transformation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 128142"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of combination of root exudates substances on stimulation of Bacillus spores' germination","authors":"Lili Tao ,&nbsp;Taimeng Tan ,&nbsp;Xinli Sun,&nbsp;Shunjuan Hu,&nbsp;Lihao Chen,&nbsp;Yun Li,&nbsp;Jiyu Xie,&nbsp;Ruifu Zhang,&nbsp;Qirong Shen,&nbsp;Zhihui Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Root exudates play a crucial role in the rhizosphere by influencing the growth and activity of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), such as <em>Bacillus velezensis</em>. Previous studies have shown that most <em>Bacillus</em> spores can germinate in the rhizosphere while remain dormant in the soil. Understanding the relationship between specific components of root exudates and spore germination could provide valuable insights into how plants alter the ratio of spores in the rhizosphere through root exudates. In this study, we observed that <em>Bacillus</em> spore germination was induced by root exudates from maize (Fengtian) and two cucumber varieties (9930 and Jinchun 4). Maize root exudates induced spore germination at a significantly higher rate compared to cucumber exudates. We identified L-valine, β-alanine, xylose, glucose, and asparagine as key germination-inducing compounds in the exudates. Notably, when these compounds were combined, spore germination rates increased to over 80 %. We found that the maize-specific root exudate asparagine significantly enhanced the spore germination inducing ability of other germinants even at low concentrations. Furthermore, our results indicate that the GerA receptor specifically recognizes amino acids, while GerB and GerK work cooperatively to sense sugars and amides. These findings provide new insights into plant-microbe interactions and could inform the development of more effective <em>Bacillus</em>-based biofertilizers, improving their application in sustainable agriculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 128148"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota in melanoma: Effects and pathogeneses","authors":"Wenwen Liu ,&nbsp;Xin Yang ,&nbsp;Yuwei Zhou ,&nbsp;Ziru Huang ,&nbsp;Jian Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The gut microbiota exhibits intricate connections with the body's immune system and holds significant implications for various diseases and cancers. Currently, accumulating evidence suggests a correlation between the composition of the gut microbiota and the development, treatment, and prognosis of melanoma. However, the underlying pathogenesis remains incompletely elucidated. In this comprehensive review, we present an in-depth review of the role played by gut microbiota in melanoma tumorigenesis, growth, metastasis, treatment response, and prognosis. Furthermore, we discuss the potential utility of gut microbiota as a promising prognostic marker. Lastly, we summarize three routes through which gut microbiota influences melanoma: immunity, aging, and the endocrine system. By modulating innate and adaptive immunity in patients with melanoma across different age groups and genders, the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in anti-tumor immune regulation from tumorigenesis to prognosis management, thereby impacting tumor growth and metastasis. This review also addresses current study limitations while highlighting future research prospects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 128144"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early inoculation and bacterial community assembly in plants: A review","authors":"Xing Wang ,&nbsp;Yuyi Li ,&nbsp;Christopher Rensing ,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The relationship between plants and early colonizing microbes is crucial for regulating agricultural ecosystems. Recent evidence strongly suggests that by introducing beneficial microbes during the seed or seedling stages, the diversity and assembly structure of the plant-related microbial community during later plant development can be altered, recruiting beneficial bacteria to enhance plant protection. However, the mechanisms of community assembly and their effects on plant growth are still not fully understood. To deepen our understanding of the importance of early inoculation for improving plant performance, this review comprehensively summarizes recent research advancements on the effects of early introduction on plant growth and adaptability. The mechanisms and ecological significance of early inoculation in the assembly of plant-related bacterial communities are discussed, with particular emphasis on the importance of seed endophytes, <strong>plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)</strong>, and synthetic microbial consortia as microbial inoculants in enhancing plant health and productivity. Additionally, this review proposes a new strategy: sequential inoculation during the seed and seedling stages, aiming to maximize the effects of microbes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 128141"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}