Microbiological research最新文献

{"title":"Understanding the ternary interaction of crop plants, fungal pathogens, and rhizobacteria in response to global warming","authors":"Fayun Feng ,&nbsp;Fei Du ,&nbsp;Qiuling Li ,&nbsp;Leigang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiangyang Yu ,&nbsp;Changhong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change is altering the equilibrium of the Earth’s biosphere, imposing unpredictable survival dynamics on terrestrial organisms. This includes the intricate interactions between fungal pathogens and crop plants, which are pivotal for global food security. Rising temperatures are expected to exacerbate the prevalence of crop-pathogenic fungi worldwide, yet research on how crops respond to this imminent threat remains limited. Here, we identified predominant potential pathogens and antagonistic bacteria in vegetable fields in Shandong Province, China, revealing the near-ubiquitous presence of <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> and <em>Bacillus</em> species in sampled soils of cucumber, tomato, chili, and ginger. Through simulated warming experiments within a temperature range of 20–40 °C and an experimental period of 3 days, we investigated the ternary interaction among vegetables and isolated <em>F. oxysporum</em> strain 05, and <em>Bacillus</em> sp. strain 31. Elevated temperatures enhanced <em>F. oxysporum</em> biomass and virulence, yet also stimulated vegetables to allocate more nutrients via root exudates. This enriched rhizospheric antagonistic <em>Bacillus</em> populations, it also boosted the expression of antifungal lipopeptide biosynthetic genes (<em>bamb</em> and <em>ItuA</em>) and auxin production in <em>Bacillus</em> sp. strain 31. This enrichment promoted plant growth and maintained a relatively stable level of pathogenic fungi. Our study unveiled a nuanced and complex interplay among crop plants, fungal pathogens, and rhizobacteria, that could inform future agricultural practices, and advance our understanding of crop survival strategies to bolster crop resilience and safeguard global food security under ongoing climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 128113"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An unconventional effector MoRpa12 targeting host nuclei is essential for the development and pathogenicity of Magnaporthe oryzae","authors":"Xiaoyan Cai ,&nbsp;Shengjie Zheng ,&nbsp;Xiuting Wang ,&nbsp;Shuaishuai Wang ,&nbsp;Min Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128125","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128125","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>RNA polymerase I (Pol I) is a multi-subunit protein complex associated with the transcription of most ribosomal RNA molecules in all eukaryotes. Rpa12 is a small subunit of the Pol I catalytic core and plays a critical role in RNA cleavage, transcription initiation and elongation during proliferation in yeast and mammals. However, the function of Rpa12 in phytopathogenic fungi has not yet been characterized. Here, we present the functional characterization of MoRpa12, a homologue of the yeast Rpa12, in <em>Magnaporthe oryzae</em>. <em>MoRpa12</em> shows upregulation during the infection phase, and MoRpa12-GFP exhibits nuclear localization at different developmental stages of <em>M. oryzae</em> and translocates into the nuclei of plant cells after fungal penetration. The <em>MoRpa12</em> mutants also exhibit significant defects on mitosis, autophagy, oxidative stress tolerance, cell wall integrity, septin ring assembly, lipid and glycogen metabolism, and pathogenicity. The four cysteine residues at the amino terminus of this protein are critical for the nuclear localization of MoRpa12, and their site-directed mutagenesis affects the localization, fungal invasion, and full virulence of <em>M. oryzae</em>. In conclusion, our findings indicate that MoRpa12 functions as an unconventional secreted effector targeting host nuclei and is essential for the fungal growth and plant infection of <em>M. oryzae</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 128125"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143563292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudomonas syringae exacerbates apple replant disease caused by Fusarium","authors":"Tingting Jiang ,&nbsp;Jiaxi Ren ,&nbsp;Dongmei Li ,&nbsp;Ying Luo ,&nbsp;Yaru Huang ,&nbsp;Tongguo Gao ,&nbsp;Jinshui Yang ,&nbsp;Jiayi Yu ,&nbsp;Liang Liu ,&nbsp;Hongli Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Apple replant disease (ARD) causes significant economic losses globally, including in China. Analyzing the causes of this replant disease from the perspective of rhizosphere microecology is therefore essential. In this study, we examined rhizosphere soils from apple trees subjected to continuous cropping. The mechanisms underlying ARD were elucidated through high-throughput sequencing of the soil microbiome, co-occurrence network analysis using NetShift, and correlation analyses. Core bacterial microbes were isolated, and their roles in altering the microecological environment were verified through reinoculation experiments. The results indicated that the disease indices for apple seedlings cultivated increased in continuously cropped soils. Bacterial diversity decreased in continuously cropped apple orchards for 10 years (R10) and 15 years (R15), but the relative abundance of <em>Pseudomonas</em> increased. In contrast, fungal diversity increased, with the relative abundance of <em>Fusarium</em> also increasing. As a dominant genus, <em>Pseudomonas</em> exhibited significant network variation after 10 years of consecutive cultivation, suggesting that this microorganism may play a key role in the occurrence of ARD. Moreover, the correlation analysis revealed, for the first time, that <em>Pseudomonas</em> is negatively correlated with bacterial diversity but positively correlated with the relative abundance of <em>Fusarium</em>, indicating a close relationship between <em>Pseudomonas</em> and <em>Fusarium</em> in continuously cropped soil. Four key <em>Pseudomonas</em> amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) strains were isolated from the continuously cropped rhizosphere soil of apple trees, and reinoculation experiments verified that introducing <em>Pseudomonas</em> exacerbated the occurrence of replant diseases in both strawberry and apple, with significantly higher disease indices compared to single <em>Fusarium</em> inoculation. The findings of this study provide new and timely insights into the mechanism underlying the occurrence of ARD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 128124"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endophytic fungus Stagonosporopsis ajaci NEAU-BLH1 from Adonis amurensis enhances seed germination under low-temperature stress and increases grain yield in direct-seeded rice","authors":"Hui Bing ,&nbsp;Jinzhao Gu ,&nbsp;Banghua Xia ,&nbsp;Xinyu Kong ,&nbsp;Yanfang Luo ,&nbsp;Xiangjing Wang ,&nbsp;Chongxi Liu ,&nbsp;Junwei Zhao ,&nbsp;Wensheng Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice direct-seeding technology is regarded as a promising alternative to traditional transplanting due to its labor- and water-saving benefits. However, poor seedling emergence and growth under low-temperature stress remain major obstacles to its widespread adoption in Heilongjiang Province, China. Here, we isolated an endophytic fungus <em>Stagonosporopsis ajaci</em> NEAU-BLH1 from the cold-resistant plant <em>Adonis amurensis</em>, which effectively enhanced rice seed germination and seedling growth under low-temperature stress. Two years of pot and field experiments demonstrated that soaking rice seeds in a spore suspension of NEAU-BLH1 significantly increased tillering, resulting in a 16.0–47.8 % improvement in yield for direct-seeded rice. Mechanistic investigations revealed that NEAU-BLH1 treatment elevated gibberellin levels and reduced abscisic acid, accelerating starch hydrolysis into soluble sugars, thus improving germination under low temperature. Comprehensive physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic analyses indicated that NEAU-BLH1 enhances seedling growth by boosting respiratory metabolism, mitigating oxidative damage, and modulating hormone pathways. These findings indicate that seed-soaking with NEAU-BLH1 has good potential to enhance seed germination under low-temperature stress and increases grain yield in direct-seeded rice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 128111"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional characterization of Mrr-family nuclease SLL1429 involved in MMC and phage resistance","authors":"Yanchao Gu ,&nbsp;Jingling Xu ,&nbsp;Yufei Zhao ,&nbsp;Pengfei Zhang ,&nbsp;Jiayu Zhang ,&nbsp;Wenguang Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaoru Han ,&nbsp;Han Jin ,&nbsp;Wenjing Zhang ,&nbsp;Yao Wang ,&nbsp;Yantao Yang ,&nbsp;Xihui Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128123","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128123","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cyanobacteria, autotrophic prokaryotes capable of oxygenic photosynthesis, are important atmospheric carbon fixers of Earth and potential alternatives for producing green fuels and chemicals. However, they face significant environmental stress during growth, such as Ultraviolet radiation, salt, and cyanophage exposure, which can impact their physiology and growth. Nucleases, such as Mrr (Methylated adenine Recognition and Restriction) endonuclease, play key roles in stress response, DNA repair, or anti-phage functions, but these in cyanobacteria remains underexplored. The SLL1429 protein with Mrr/NA-iREase1 domain was predicted to play a role as a nuclease in stress resistance in cyanobacteria. In this study, our findings indicate that SLL1429 is a PD-(D/E)XK superfamily nuclease with DNase activities towards various DNA structures, including dsDNA, Holliday junction, Flap and Flap derivatives. The nuclease activity of SLL1429 is dependent on the Mrr domain. However, unlike classic Mrr, SLL1429 recognizes and cleaves both methylated and unmethylated DNA substrates. Notably, SLL1429 plays a role in Mitomycin C (MMC) resistance in <em>Synechocystis</em> sp. PCC6803 and anti-phage activity in <em>E. coli</em>. In view of the above, SLL1429 of <em>Synechocystis</em> sp. PCC6803 has been identified as a new stress-resistant nuclease. This discovery provides novel perspectives on the mechanism of environmental adaption in cyanobacteria and lays a theoretical foundation for further exploration of \"microbial cell factory\".</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 128123"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143551705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The world of phage tail-like bacteriocins: State of the art and biotechnological perspectives","authors":"Clara Ibarguren ,&nbsp;Inés Bleriot ,&nbsp;Lucia Blasco ,&nbsp;Laura Fernández-García ,&nbsp;Concha Ortiz-Cartagena ,&nbsp;Lucia Arman ,&nbsp;Antonio Barrio-Pujante ,&nbsp;Olaya Menéndez Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Rodolfo García-Contreras ,&nbsp;Thomas K. Wood ,&nbsp;María Tomás","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the struggle for resources, bacteria have developed different systems of competition, including the type VI secretion system (T6SS) and phage tail-like bacteriocins (PTLBs), that act by killing other bacterial species or strains from the same species. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an urgent global health problem. In this context, the need to develop new antimicrobial agents has put PTLBs in the spotlight. This review focuses on the most relevant aspects of PTLBs such as their structural features, biology, the technological tools to improve their application, and the most importantly their patents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 128121"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing the interplay of protein posttranslational modifications: Enhancing plant resilience to heavy metal toxicity","authors":"Atul Kumar Srivastava ,&nbsp;Simpal Kumari ,&nbsp;Raghvendra Pratap Singh ,&nbsp;Mehran Khan ,&nbsp;Pooja Mishra ,&nbsp;Xin Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heavy metals (HMs) toxicity finds substantial plant health risk, affecting germination, growth, productivity, and survival. HMs exposure can interrupt cellular function, increase oxidative stress and affect physiological processes. Plants have developed array of adaptive responses, with proteins playing key role in detecting, signalling, and mitigating metal-induced stress. Under stress, posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation and acetylation, are essential regulators of protein stability, localization, and function. This review examines the comprehensive profiling of PTMs in HMs stress responses, including how PTMs regulate the signalling pathways, degradation pathways, and TFs modulation. Specifically, discuss the role of phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation, neddylation, lipidation, and S-nitrosylation in specifically under HMs stress with PTMs regulation of antioxidant enzymes, stress proteins, metal transporters and chelators of detoxification. This review illustrates the crosstalk of PTMs to show how synergistic interactions regulate protein stability, activity, and localization upon HMs stress. In cross talk, ubiquitination often starts from phosphorylation to subsequent degradation of proteins in a timely and reversible way to trigger stress responses. However, sumoylation stabilizes key transcription factors that are rapidly dephosphorylated and integral in metal detoxification, form a synergistic combination with phosphorylation to maintain their activity. It explains the future research directions, focusing on PTM engineering to generate stress tolerant plant varieties. By studying the response of plants to HMs stress through PTMs, emphasizes the relevance of PTMs towards plant resilience and advocates for systems biology integrative approach to advancing plant stress biology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 128112"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copper ions induces ferroptosis in Staphylococcus aureus and promotes healing of MRSA-induced wound infections","authors":"Lili Zhao ,&nbsp;Hongbo Li ,&nbsp;Zhenbin Liu ,&nbsp;Zhen Wang ,&nbsp;Dan Xu ,&nbsp;Jiayi Zhang ,&nbsp;Junjian Ran ,&nbsp;Haizhen Mo ,&nbsp;Liangbin Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, particularly <em>methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA), poses a significant threat to public health, necessitating new antimicrobial strategies. Here, we demonstrate that low doses of copper sulfate (CuSO₄) exhibit potent bactericidal effects against both <em>S. aureus</em> and MRSA by inducing ferroptosis. CuSO₄ treatment causes bacterial cell membrane perforation, increases intracellular free copper (Cu⁺) and ferrous ions (Fe²⁺), elevates reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipid peroxidation, and triggers the intracellular Fenton reaction. The use of ROS scavengers, copper chelators, iron chelators, and iron oxidase inhibitors attenuated ROS levels and lipid peroxidation, reducing Cu²⁺-mediated cell death, confirming the role of ferroptosis. Proteomic analysis revealed that Cu²⁺ enhances the expression of Fur protein, mediates iron release from intracellular stores, and inhibits glutathione biosynthesis. Furthermore, we developed a sodium alginate hydrogel loaded with CuSO₄ (Cu-SA), which significantly improved wound healing and reduced inflammation and organ damage in an MRSA-infected mouse skin model. Our findings suggest that Cu²⁺-induced ferroptosis offers a promising alternative to traditional antibiotics for treating MRSA infections, providing a novel strategy to combat antibiotic resistance in <em>S. aureus</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 128122"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the potential role of soil protists in predicting banana health","authors":"Xiangyu Ren ,&nbsp;Chen Liu ,&nbsp;Yang Yue ,&nbsp;Shuo Sun ,&nbsp;Lang Zhao ,&nbsp;Chengyuan Tao ,&nbsp;Beibei Wang ,&nbsp;Wu Xiong ,&nbsp;Zongzhuan Shen ,&nbsp;Rong Li ,&nbsp;Qirong Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128109","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128109","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fusarium wilt is increasingly threatening banana production around the world. Investigating soil microbial communities associated with healthy and diseased banana plants is the first step to understand the potential mechanisms involved in the disease suppression. Previous research has confirmed plant-beneficial bacterial and fungal communities are key determinants of banana health. However, to what extent protists, a key component of the soil microbiome, are linked to banana health on a large scale remains largely unknown. Here, we collected soil samples from healthy and diseased plants suffering from Fusarium wilt in multiple banana plantations within China and Laos, and examined holistic soil microbial communities including bacteria, fungi and protists using high-throughput sequencing. We explored the linkage between protists and <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> and investigated the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on protists. Results showed the relative abundance of <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> can be highly predicted by protists. Specifically, predatory protists revealed a negative correlation with <em>F. oxysporum</em>, which was confirmed in pot experiments. We found the putative plant growth-promoting bacteria, positively correlated with predatory protists, were also negatively correlated with <em>F. oxysporum</em>. In addition, both soil abiotic factors (i.e., soil pH and ammonia nitrogen) and biotic factors (soil bacteria) played crucial roles in determining predatory protists. We highlighted that soil predatory protists might contribute to banana health via directly inhibiting soil-borne pathogens or indirectly enriching plant beneficial bacteria.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 128109"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143510104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Starvation-induced mutagenesis in rhsC and ybfD genes extends bacterial tolerance to various stresses by boosting efflux function","authors":"Yingkun Wan ,&nbsp;Lianwei Ye ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Zheng ,&nbsp;Yang Tang ,&nbsp;Edward Wai-Chi Chan ,&nbsp;Sheng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent evidence showed that bacteria actively maintained a range of physiological functions to enhance survival fitness under adverse growth conditions. In this study, we investigated whether bacteria need to undergo active genetic changes for stress-protection purposes if environmental stress persists. Our results revealed that mutations became detectable at specific sites in several genes in <em>E. coli</em> after encountering starvation conditions for six days. This discovery is groundbreaking since bacteria are not known to undergo site-specific mutagenesis during prolonged starvation when most physiological activities are down-regulated. The genes in which mutations were consistently detected in the tolerant population were <em>ybfD</em> and <em>rhsC</em> within the <em>ybf</em> gene cluster, which are predicted to encode components of a transporter. To assess the impact of these mutations on bacterial survival, mutants with single or double mutations in these genes were generated and tested. The results demonstrated that these mutations caused significant increase in tolerance to antibiotics, heat, and oxidative stresses. Functional analysis indicated that the <em>E. coli</em> BW25113::<em>ybfDrhsC</em> double mutant exhibited elevated efflux activity, and that expression of the <em>rhsC</em> gene was suppressed in the <em>E. coli</em> BW25113:: <em>ybfD</em> mutant, suggesting that mutations in these two genes act synergistically to strengthen the stress tolerance phenotype. Consistently, deletion of the <em>ybfD</em> and <em>rhsC</em> genes resulted in significantly reduced tolerance under prolonged starvation conditions. Understanding the mechanisms of bacterial site-specific mutagenesis that enable bacteria to withstand multiple stresses over extended periods could aid development of innovative antimicrobial strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 128106"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143479157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}