Microbiological research最新文献

{"title":"Genomic and phenotypic analysis of probiotic properties of GABA-producing Enterococcus lactis A1 in Micropterus salmoides aquaculture","authors":"Xinru Wang,&nbsp;Lei Zhu,&nbsp;Zhengyan Du,&nbsp;Wencai Zheng,&nbsp;Xianghui Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aquaculture contributes substantially to global food and nutrition security. Dysfunction of the fish intestinal mucosal barrier increases susceptibility to pathogens and affects aquaculture production. Indigenous probiotics, specifically those targeting intestinal health, are promising agents for disease control and growth promotion. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), derived from microorganisms, is a postbiotic with multiple beneficial functions. However, there is a lack of reports on GABA-producing probiotic strains in aquatic animals. Herein, we evaluated the probiotic properties of <em>Enterococcus lactis</em> A1 isolated from the gut of <em>Micropterus salmoides</em>. Whole-genome sequencing revealed its potential to synthesize GABA, which was confirmed in MRS broth and commercial feed. The strain contained multiple bacteriocin genes and showed antibacterial activity against bacterial pathogens prevalent in aquaculture. Genomic and phenotypic analyses revealed its biosafety, stress tolerance, and adhesion ability<em>. In vitro</em>, it exhibited immunomodulatory properties and displayed resistance against <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em> in <em>M. salmoides</em> head kidney lymphocytes. An eight-week <em>in vivo</em> study showed that orally supplemented <em>E. lactis</em> A1 significantly promoted growth, enhanced intestinal trypsin and lipase activities, increased the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and reduced the malondialdehyde levels. Diversity and composition of the intestinal microbiota were positively modulated by <em>E. lactis</em> A1. Moreover, it effectively improved intestinal morphology by increasing villus height and improving resistance against <em>A. hydrophila</em> infection, as indicated by improved intestinal integrity, reduced blood pathogen counts, and increased fish survival rates. This study highlights the potential of GABA-producing <em>E. lactis</em> A1 as a probiotic for growth promotion and disease resistance in <em>M. salmoides</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 128241"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Receptor-targeted Lactococcus lactis mitigate Clostridioides difficile infection","authors":"Yue Zhang ,&nbsp;Wei Sun ,&nbsp;Hao Wu ,&nbsp;Yi Zhang ,&nbsp;Jianhong Zhao ,&nbsp;Shengbo Wu ,&nbsp;Lin Yuan ,&nbsp;Chen Chen ,&nbsp;Bin Zheng ,&nbsp;Jianjun Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128221","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128221","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Engineered bacteria play an important role in colorectal disease. <em>Lactococcus lactis</em> (<em>L. lactis</em>) can inhibit <em>Clostridioides difficile</em> (<em>C. difficile</em>) by producing antimicrobial peptide nisin. However, its insufficient nisin production levels, lack of targeted <em>in vivo</em> release and weak colonization ability may limit its therapeutic efficacy against <em>C. difficile</em> infection (CDI). In this study, we engineered a strain of <em>L. lactis</em> with high adherence and therapeutic potential (Lla+) by expressing <em>C. difficile</em> adhesion protein Cwp8 on the surface of a <em>L. lactis</em> strain with high nisin yield (4019 to 4028 IU/ml). The adhesion effect of Lla+ was increased by 1.3-fold compared to the wild type <em>L. lactis</em> in the HT-29 cell model. We created the lipid membrane-coated <em>L. lactis</em> (LCL) by encapsulating Lla+ with the ROS-responsive lipid membrane. LCL exhibited targeted release of nisin payload in response to H₂O₂, lipopolysaccharide and <em>C. difficile in vitro</em>, as well as in various mouse models of intestinal inflammation <em>in vivo</em>. The therapeutic effect of LCL against CDI was substantial, reducing <em>C. difficile</em> survival by 60 % compared to the untreated control. In the treatment of recurrent CDI (rCDI), LCL outperformed the drug fidaxomicin, the first-line treatment for rCDI recommended by Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), decreasing <em>C. difficile</em> survival by 48 % and lowering the levels of toxins TcdA and TcdB by 57.1 % and 65 %, respectively. These results suggested that the presented the encapsulation approach could serve as a delivery platform to target inflamed intestines and expand the application of probiotics as pharmaceuticals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 128221"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"More than chromosome organizers: Unique mycobacterial nucleoid-associated proteins","authors":"Kornel Milcarz,&nbsp;Joanna Hołówka,&nbsp;Agnieszka Strzałka,&nbsp;Jolanta Zakrzewska-Czerwińska","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nucleoid-associated proteins (NAPs) play a fundamental role in organizing chromosomal architecture and regulating gene expression in <em>Mycobacterium</em>, enabling these bacteria to adapt to diverse environments. In <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> (Mtb), NAPs contribute to virulence, antibiotic resistance, and persistence within the host, whereas in <em>Mycobacterium smegmatis</em> (Ms), they influence growth dynamics and stress responses. Recent findings indicate that, beyond their role in DNA compaction and replication, mycobacterial NAPs exert broad regulatory effects on gene expression, highlighting their significance in cellular physiology. Differences in NAP composition between saprophytic and pathogenic <em>Mycobacterium</em> species underscore their distinct evolutionary adaptations and survival strategies. Given their central role in bacterial homeostasis and stress adaptation, NAPs have emerged as potential targets for novel antimycobacterial therapies, particularly against drug-resistant Mtb. This review explores the structural and functional diversity of mycobacterial NAPs, emphasizing their roles in chromosomal organization, transcriptional regulation, and stress adaptation, with a focus on their implications for mycobacterial pathophysiology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 128239"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogen-activated Chaetomium globosum G3 enhances iron competition and other antagonistic mechanisms to suppress maize seedling blight causal agent Fusarium verticillioides","authors":"Chunlin Ren ,&nbsp;Shiying Li ,&nbsp;Peipei Li ,&nbsp;Yi Wang ,&nbsp;Hongxia Yuan ,&nbsp;Qingyun Zhao ,&nbsp;Hui Li ,&nbsp;Fang Li ,&nbsp;Yanlai Han","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Fusarium verticillioides</em> (<em>F. verticillioides</em>) is a prevalent soilborne fungal pathogen that seriously threatens the production of maize (<em>Zea mays</em>). Species within the <em>Chaetomium</em> genus are recognized as potential biocontrol agents for managing plant pathogens. However, the biocontrol efficacy and underlying inhibitory mechanisms of <em>Chaetomium</em> species against maize seedling blight caused by <em>F. verticillioides</em> have yet to be comprehensively evaluated and fully elucidated. This study demonstrates that <em>Chaetomium globosum</em> (<em>C. globosum</em>) G3 reduced the disease index of <em>F. verticillioides</em> on maize seedlings from 81.5 % to 37.6 % and inhibited the growth of <em>F. verticillioides</em> by 79 %. Dual transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis revealed that when co-cultured with <em>F. verticillioides, C. globosum</em> G3 upregulated the iron binding pathway and enhanced the secretion of siderophore ferrioxamine. An iron supplementation experiment further indicated that <em>C. globosum</em> G3 inhibits <em>F. verticillioides</em> through more effective competition for iron. Additionally, over 60 % of the carbohydrate-active enzymes and peptidases gene expressions in <em>C. globosum</em> G3 were induced in response to <em>F. verticillioides</em>, resulting in increased activities of cellulase, chitinase, and protease, as well as the production of antibacterial compounds. Furthermore, <em>F. verticillioides</em> downregulated genes associated with the fumonisin biosynthetic pathway, resulting in reduced fumonisin production. These findings suggest that <em>C. globosum</em> holds potential as a biocontrol agent against the maize seedlings blight pathogen <em>F. verticillioides</em> and highlight that pathogen-activated <em>C. globosum</em> G3 enhances iron competition and other antagonistic mechanisms, contributing to the suppression of <em>F. verticillioides</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 128237"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rho2 regulates granulocyte-triggered stress adaptation and cell wall remodeling in Aspergillus fumigatus","authors":"Dominik Ruf ,&nbsp;Kristina Striegler ,&nbsp;Sean Brazil ,&nbsp;Hesham Elsaman ,&nbsp;Kalpana Singh ,&nbsp;Mathieu Lepas ,&nbsp;Liyanage D. Fernando ,&nbsp;Victor Brantl ,&nbsp;Patricia Heß ,&nbsp;Karl Dichtl ,&nbsp;Vishukumar Aimanianda ,&nbsp;Tuo Wang ,&nbsp;Johannes Wagener","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The airborne opportunistic fungal pathogen <em>Aspergillus fumigatus</em> poses a deadly threat to immunocompromised patients. Neutrophil granulocytes play a key role in the defense against invasive infections caused by this pathogen. The mechanisms by which <em>Aspergillus</em> defends itself against attacks by the immune system are only partially understood. Here we show that human granulocytes activate the cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway of <em>A. fumigatus</em> and that key components of the CWI such as the cell wall stress sensor MidA and the Rho GTPases Rho2 and Rho4 are important for the survival of <em>Aspergillus</em> hyphae under granulocyte attacks. A more detailed investigation of the role of Rho2 revealed that a mutant lacking <em>rho2</em> is less virulent in a <em>Galleria mellonella</em> infection model. Overexpression of Rho2 increases the resistance of <em>A. fumigatus</em> hyphae to killing by granulocytes. While a mutant lacking Rho2 has a normal cell wall composition, overexpression or constitutive activation of Rho2 leads to an altered cell wall composition and impairs growths of the pathogen. The fungicidal effect of constitutive activation of Rho2 signaling, which correlates with the formation of cell wall chitin bulges, depends on the CWI MAP kinase MpkA. However, Rho2 itself does not appear to be a direct activator of the CWI MAP kinase module. Our results support a model where Rho2 in <em>A. fumigatus</em> actively counteracts granulocyte attacks by upregulating cell wall biosynthesis, thereby strengthening the cell wall and aiding the fungus in surviving the stress condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"299 ","pages":"Article 128238"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144212422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacteriophage therapy for critical antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacteria: A systematic review of clinical researches","authors":"Xinyu Nie ,&nbsp;Yigang Tong ,&nbsp;Mengzhe Li ,&nbsp;Zhenbo Ning ,&nbsp;Huahao Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria compromises medical interventions and poses a significant threat to global public health systems. Bacteriophage (phage) therapy offers a promising, natural, safe, and effective antimicrobial alternative, particularly advantageous for combating Gram-positive bacteria with increasing resistance. This systematic review synthesizes clinical cases published in recent 15 years, evaluating the safety and efficacy of phage therapy in treating Gram-positive bacterial infections. It details the mechanisms of action and applications of phages in treating Gram-positive bacterial infections, critically assessing phage cocktail, phage-assisted regimens, and phage-derived agents. The review further studies phage’s interaction with human host, commensal microbiota, and immune system. Through the rigorous analysis, it identifies phage therapy’s potential implementation obstacles, and provides valuable perspectives for future research and clinical treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 128231"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Understanding the ternary interaction of crop plants, fungal pathogens, and rhizobacteria in response to global warming” [Microbial. Res. 296 (2025) 128113]","authors":"Fayun Feng ,&nbsp;Fei Du ,&nbsp;Qiuling Li ,&nbsp;Leigang Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiangyang Yu ,&nbsp;Changhong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128233","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 128233"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144132627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic potential of halophytes and halophilic/halotolerant plant growth-promoting bacteria in saline soil remediation: Adaptive mechanisms, challenges, and sustainable solutions","authors":"Huifang Jiang ,&nbsp;Charles Obinwanne Okoye ,&nbsp;Bonaventure Chidi Ezenwanne ,&nbsp;Yanfang Wu ,&nbsp;Jianxiong Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Salinity stress poses significant challenges to agriculture, reducing productivity and limiting arable land by causing ionic and osmotic imbalances in plants, disrupting physiological processes, and leading to soil degradation over time. Halophytes and halophilic/halotolerant (HP/HT) plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) offer sustainable solutions to mitigate saline stress and improve plant growth due to their adaptation to extreme environments through various mechanisms to tolerate high salinity, including ion homeostasis, osmotic balance, and the production of compatible solutes. However, understanding their synergistic interactions and specific salt adaptation strategies remains limited, impeding their application in saline soil remediation. This review examines the salt stress tolerance mechanisms of halophytes and HP/HT PGPB, highlighting their interactions and performance in saline environments. Halophyte and HP/HT PGPB demonstrate diverse mechanisms such as ion homeostasis, osmoprotection, and phytohormone modulation to enhance plant resilience to salt stress. Their synergistic interactions, facilitated by root exudates, chemical signaling, and hormone regulation, are vital for optimizing saline soil remediation and plant growth. The review also outlined challenges in utilizing halophyte-associated HP/HT PGPB for effective plant salt tolerance, discussing potential advancements through multi-omics approaches, genetic engineering, machine learning-assisted bioinformatics, chemometrics, and synthetic biology in sustainable agriculture. These integrated strategies offer valuable insights into salt stress tolerance mechanisms, paving the way for innovative applications of halophyte-HP/HT PGPB synergy in saline soil remediation and enhanced plant resilience, highlighting their role in promoting long-term agricultural sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 128227"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complete ammonia-oxidizing bacteria dominate ammonia oxidation rates and N2O emissions after vegetation restoration in subtropical karst forest soils","authors":"Chengyi Lao ,&nbsp;Teng Yu ,&nbsp;Ziwei Wan ,&nbsp;Pengpeng Duan ,&nbsp;Kongcao Xiao ,&nbsp;Dejun Li ,&nbsp;Huifang Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Complete ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (comammox) are crucial for understanding soil N₂O emission mechanisms. Although comammox abundance and composition have been analyzed in various ecosystems, few studies have determined ammonia oxidation rates and the relative contributions of comammox, ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) to N₂O emissions from subtropical karst forest soils, especially after vegetation restoration. To address this gap, we explored the total abundance, community structure, and ammonia oxidation rates of AOA, AOB, and comammox, as well as their relative contributions to N₂O emissions, in cropland (control) and subtropical forest soils in a karst ecosystem. Our findings showed that compared with cropland, the total abundance of comammox exhibited a significant increase (17.65 %) in forest at the RNA level. Moreover, the dominant genera in AOA, AOB, and comammox communities were <em>Nitrososphaera</em>, <em>Nitrosospira</em>, and <em>Nitrospira</em>, respectively, in both cropland and forest soils. Additionally, the ammonia oxidation rates of comammox increased by almost 4.4 times after vegetation restoration, which attributed to the high ammonia affinity in the low ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) environment. The relative contribution of comammox to N₂O emissions was significantly higher in forest (40.87 %) than in cropland (11.25 %), which was attributed to soil texture differences. In conclusion, after vegetation restoration, low NH₄⁺-N increased comammox ammonia oxidation rates due to the high ammonia affinity, and coarse-textured soils stimulated more N₂O emission owing to the sluggish convective flow of slurry and limiting the redistribution of NH₄⁺. Our study highlights the important role of comammox in regulating ammonia oxidation in subtropical forest soils, which has important implications for improving soil nitrogen (N) cycling and ecosystem restoration in karst regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 128236"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in CRISPR-Cas-based strategies for combating antimicrobial resistance","authors":"Ruiting Zhang,&nbsp;Qi Zhou,&nbsp;Siying Huang,&nbsp;Nan Zhang,&nbsp;Dongchang Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multidrug resistance (MDR) in bacteria presents a significant global health threat, driven by the widespread dissemination of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs). The CRISPR-Cas system, known for its precision and adaptability, holds promise as a tool to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Although previous studies have explored the use of CRISPR-Cas to target bacterial genomes or plasmids harboring resistance genes, the application of CRISPR-Cas-based antimicrobial therapies is still in its early stages. Challenges such as low efficiency and difficulties in delivering CRISPR to bacterial cells remain. This review provides an overview of the CRISPR-Cas system, highlights recent advancements in CRISPR-Cas-based antimicrobials and delivery strategies for combating AMR. The review also discusses potential challenges for the future development of CRISPR-Cas-based antimicrobials. Addressing these challenges would enable CRISPR therapies to become a practical solution for treating AMR infections in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"298 ","pages":"Article 128232"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}