Bacteriophage therapy for critical antibiotic-resistant Gram-positive bacteria: A systematic review of clinical researches

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria compromises medical interventions and poses a significant threat to global public health systems. Bacteriophage (phage) therapy offers a promising, natural, safe, and effective antimicrobial alternative, particularly advantageous for combating Gram-positive bacteria with increasing resistance. This systematic review synthesizes clinical cases published in recent 15 years, evaluating the safety and efficacy of phage therapy in treating Gram-positive bacterial infections. It details the mechanisms of action and applications of phages in treating Gram-positive bacterial infections, critically assessing phage cocktail, phage-assisted regimens, and phage-derived agents. The review further studies phage’s interaction with human host, commensal microbiota, and immune system. Through the rigorous analysis, it identifies phage therapy’s potential implementation obstacles, and provides valuable perspectives for future research and clinical treatment.