Microbiological research最新文献

{"title":"Hypovirulence induced by mycovirus colletotrichum gloeosporioides RNA virus 1 strain Ssa-44.1 in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides: Insights from a multi-omics analysis of host-virus interactions","authors":"Muhammad Kabir Hassan ,&nbsp;Liying Sun ,&nbsp;Jiraporn Jirakkakul ,&nbsp;Treenut Saithong ,&nbsp;Saowalak Kalapanulak ,&nbsp;Sucheewin Krobthong ,&nbsp;Arnatchai Maiuthed ,&nbsp;Yingchutrakul Yodying ,&nbsp;Bayu Hadi Permana ,&nbsp;Lakha Salaipeth","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128308","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128308","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mycovirus infections significantly impact fungal virulence and physiology, inducing either hypovirulence or hypervirulence. This study investigated the hypovirulent effects of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides RNA virus 1 (CgRV1-Ssa-44.1) infection on <em>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</em> using multi-omics approaches. Transcriptomic analysis identified 261 differentially expressed genes (141 up-regulated, 120 down-regulated), while LC-MS/MS-based proteomic analyses revealed 2222 proteins, including 19 unique to virus-infected samples and 649 unique to virus-free samples. These results highlighted extensive gene and protein expression alterations, emphasizing profound impacts on the host cellular process. Changes in membrane-associated terms and cell wall-related processes suggested that the virus may exploit host structures to facilitate horizontal transfer. The disruption of carbohydrate metabolism and pathways, such as the non-sense mediated mRNA decay (NMD) system, reflected sophisticated viral strategies for suppressing host defenses and redirecting resources for its benefit. Notably, Upregulated genes, such as sorbose reductase and COMPASS complex component SWD2, pointed to adaptive response to stress and survival mechanisms during viral infection. Conversely, downregulated genes like elongation factor 3, survival factor 1, and zuotin, indicated viral manipulation of host cellular machinery to subvert normal processes. Real-time PCR validated these transcriptional changes, confirming the robustness of the findings. The study demonstrates a complex host-virus interplay, where fungal metabolic and adaptive pathways are intricately targeted and exploited. These findings underscore the dual nature of viral subversion strategies, balancing host suppression with survival adaptation. Future functional analyses of key pathways will provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying fungal-virus interactions and coevolution. This knowledge could guide the development of novel antifungal strategies applicable to similar host-pathogen systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 128308"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144826643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Native Australian plants to combat oral health-related pathogens","authors":"Ratih Pusporini ,&nbsp;Maral Seididamyeh ,&nbsp;Anh Dao Thi Phan ,&nbsp;Run Zhang ,&nbsp;Chun Xu ,&nbsp;Yasmina Sultanbawa","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dental caries remains one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide, impacting health, quality of life, and child development, while posing a substantial economic burden. The rise of antimicrobial resistance has intensified the search for alternative preventive strategies, particularly those derived from natural products. Recent studies highlight that Australian native plants possess significant antimicrobial, antioxidant, and phytochemical properties, suggesting their potential as natural alternatives to synthetic agents.</div><div>This review evaluates the therapeutic potential of Australian native plants in preventing dental caries. It examines their bioactive compounds, mechanisms of antimicrobial action, and their application in oral health and dentistry. The review also discusses the traditional and commercial uses of these plants and outlines future research directions.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>reveal that their bioactivity is primarily attributed to phytochemical compounds, which exert antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects—key mechanisms in caries prevention.</div><div>Australian native plants demonstrate promising potential as natural therapeutic agents for dental caries prevention. Their incorporation into oral health strategies may contribute to innovative, sustainable solutions in natural product-based drug discovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 128307"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144810477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and therapeutic efficacy of phage p9676 against epidemic ST11-KL64 Klebsiella pneumoniae: Insights from genomic analysis and in vivo studies","authors":"Yapin Zhao ,&nbsp;Yicheng Wen ,&nbsp;Liping Gu ,&nbsp;Qizhao Gao ,&nbsp;Guicai Li ,&nbsp;Zhichen Zhu ,&nbsp;Jie Zhu ,&nbsp;Liang Chen ,&nbsp;Hong Du","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div><em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> presents a formidable challenge in clinical settings due to its increasing resistance to last-line antibiotics like carbapenem, tigecycline, and colistin, raising global concerns. An emerging alternative strategy involves harnessing bacteriophages to combat infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria.</div></div><div><h3>Methods and results</h3><div>In this study, we isolated the bacteriophage p9676 from hospital sewage and demonstrated its ability to lyse <em>K. pneumoniae</em> strains with ST11-KL64 capsular type. Transmission electron microscopy and genomic analysis identified p9676 as a member of the <em>Caudoviricetes</em> class, <em>Autographiviridae</em> family, with a double-stranded DNA genome of 41,095 base pairs and a GC content of 52 %. The genome contains 53 coding DNA sequences (CDSs) and lacks tRNA, virulence, or antibiotic resistance genes. Notably, p9676 exhibited a short latent period of only 5 min and an optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.0001. <em>In vivo</em> studies further demonstrated that p9676 effectively treated ST11-KL64 <em>K. pneumoniae</em>-infected mice, significantly reducing the blood bacterial load compared to untreated controls. Genomic analysis also revealed that resistance to p9676 was associated with a disruption in the capsule synthesis gene <em>wcaJ</em> caused by the insertion sequence IS<em>Kpn26</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings underscore the effectiveness of phage p9676 therapy in combating epidemic ST11-KL64 <em>K. pneumoniae</em> infections, highlighting its potential as a promising treatment option.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 128298"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles promote oral tumorigenesis through suppressing innate immune surveillance","authors":"Qingli Chen ,&nbsp;Xiaochan Pang ,&nbsp;Ke Liu ,&nbsp;Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Tengyang Qiu ,&nbsp;Guo-Feng Luo ,&nbsp;Zhengjun Shang","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Several studies have linked microbes to the development of neoplasms, with species of the genus <em>Porphyromonas</em> being closely associated with the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the immunomodulatory role of <em>Porphyromonas gingivalis</em> (<em>P. gingivalis</em>) outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) in OSCC progression remains unclear. Here, we found that <em>Porphyromonas</em> was significantly enriched in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, including OSCC tissues. The increased abundance of <em>P. gingivalis</em> in OSCC was confirmed in both saliva and tumor tissues, and correlated with advanced clinical stages. The uptake of <em>P. gingivalis</em> OMVs by OSCC cells was assessed using both <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> models. The OMVs inactivated the cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS)–stimulator of interferon genes (STING) innate immune signaling, thereby disrupting cytokine production. Herring testis DNA treatment partially restored pIRF3 translocation and induce IFN-β production <em>in vivo</em>. Mechanistically, <em>P. gingivalis</em> OMVs remarkably disrupted both the IRF3–STING and IRF3–TBK1 interaction, consequently blocking the downstream signaling. In both immunodeficient (BALB/c-nu) and immunocompetent (C57BL/6) mouse models, <em>P. gingivalis</em> OMVs suppressed cGAS-STING innate immune signaling, impairing IFN-β production and promoting immune evasion by limiting the recruitment of natural killing cell and dendritic cell to the tumor microenvironment. These findings suggest that <em>P. gingivalis</em> OMVs suppress cGAS–STING–IFN-β innate immune signaling, thereby impairing antitumor immunity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 128296"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between Type IV-A CRISPR/Cas system and plasmid-mediated transmission of carbapenemase genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae","authors":"Jinzhao Long ,&nbsp;Jie Wu ,&nbsp;Yanyan Xi ,&nbsp;Jiangfeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuaiyin Chen ,&nbsp;Haiyan Yang ,&nbsp;Guangcai Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global rise of carbapenem-producing <em>K. pneumoniae</em> is largely attributed to plasmid-mediated transmission of carbapenemase genes. Type IV-A CRISPR/Cas system is mainly located on plasmids in <em>K. pneumoniae</em> and involved in plasmid competition. However, the role of Type IV-A system in the dissemination of carbapenemase genes in <em>K. pneumoniae</em> remains unclear<em>.</em> Here, we comprehensively investigated the relationship between Type IV-A system and plasmid-mediated transmission of carbapenemase genes based on 152 <em>K. pneumoniae</em> clinical strains and 46226 <em>K. pneumoniae</em> public genomes available in NCBI database. We found that the presence of Type IV-A system was positively associated with <em>bla</em>_NDM-1, <em>bla</em>_NDM-5, <em>bla</em>_OXA-48, and <em>bla</em>_VIM-1 but negatively related to <em>bla</em>_KPC-2, <em>bla</em>_KPC-3, <em>bla</em>_IMP and <em>bla</em>_OXA-181. Additionally, plasmids carrying Type IV-A system were predominantly the vehicles of <em>bla</em>_NDM-1 gene. Protospacer search revealed that Type IV-A system frequently matched conjugation transfer region of <em>bla</em>_KPC-2-related IncF plasmids, especially IncFIB(K)/IncFII(K), IncFII(pHN7A8)/IncR, and IncFIB(pQil)/IncFII(K) plasmids. The prevalence of self-targeting event further highlighted the interference mechanism of transcriptional repression proposed by Type IV system. Despite frequent targeting of IncF plasmids by Type IV-A system, different types of IncF plasmids displayed varying distribution between CRISPR-positive and -negative genomes, thereby suggesting a differentiated response of Type IV-A system to IncF plasmids. Our results underscore complex interactions between Type IV-A system and plasmid-mediated carbapenemase genes, revealing its significant role in shaping the transmission dynamics of carbapenemase-encoding plasmids.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 128297"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"There and back again: Genomic insights into microbial life in a recirculating petroleum refinery wastewater biotreatment system","authors":"Fengji Wu ,&nbsp;Bronwyn C. Campbell ,&nbsp;Paul Greenfield ,&nbsp;Grant C. Hose ,&nbsp;David J. Midgley ,&nbsp;Simon C. George","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128299","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128299","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Petroleum refinery wastewater biotreatment relies on microbes to remediate carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur compounds, yet their life strategies and ecological roles remain unclear. This study characterises the ecological functions of 20 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from a full-scale petroleum refinery wastewater treatment plant in southern China. The taxonomic identity, nutrient metabolism genes (including C/N/S cycling), carbohydrate-active enzymes, and CRISPR-Cas systems of these MAGs were analysed. The recovered MAGs represented bacteria primarily from the Pseudomonadota and Bacteroidota phyla. The major carbon sources for the represented organisms are likely aromatic and aliphatic compounds, as well as carbohydrates including peptidoglycan, chitin, and starch. Almost all MAGs contained genes for nitrate or nitrite reduction, while metabolic pathways for sulfur metabolism were generally less prevalent. <em>Meiothermus</em> sp. bin.89 was the most metabolically versatile MAG. This organism possessed genes that allowed it to recycle biomass, break down aliphatic and monoaromatic compounds, and perform anaerobic respiration using nitrate. However, it was likely the most susceptible to viral predation, as indicated by the high abundance of CRISPR spacers. Overall, the results revealed that stress-tolerant ecological traits were common among organisms in this microbiome, showcasing the ability of the microbes to obtain carbon from aromatic and aliphatic compounds. This study provides a substantial contribution towards future efforts in optimising microbiome stability for pollutant removal in petroleum refinery wastewater biotreatment systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 128299"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144826748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acetylcholine chemotaxis in global bacterial plant pathogens","authors":"Jose A. Gavira ,&nbsp;Manuel J. Gilabert ,&nbsp;Saray Santamaría-Hernando ,&nbsp;Ana Molina-Ollero ,&nbsp;Miriam Rico-Jiménez ,&nbsp;Juan J. Cabrera ,&nbsp;Emilia López-Solanilla ,&nbsp;Miguel A. Matilla","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Interactions within the plant holobiont involve a wide diversity of plant- and microbial-derived signals. Bacterial perception of these signals allows directed movement along chemical gradients through chemotaxis, a process that is an important determinant for plant colonization and infection. The quaternary amine acetylcholine is primarily known for its function as a neurotransmitter in mammalian nervous systems, but is emerging as a signal molecule that regulates plant growth, development, and stress resistance. Here, we report that plant pathogenic bacteria of the genera <em>Agrobacterium</em> and <em>Dickeya</em> exhibit strong chemotaxis to acetylcholine. These responses are mediated in <em>Agrobacterium fabrum</em>, <em>Dickeya solani</em>, and <em>Dickeya dadantii</em> by the dCache_1-type ligand binding domain (LBD) containing chemoreceptors AtuA, MkcA, and DdaA, respectively, which recognize acetylcholine with affinities between 19 and 91 µM. These chemoreceptors also recognize additional quaternary amines such as choline, L-carnitine, and betaine. The high-resolution structure of MkcA-LBD of <em>D. solani</em> was solved in complex with choline, which allowed the identification of the molecular determinants of choline and acetylcholine recognition in this chemoreceptor. Functionally, DdaA was found to contribute to competitive colonization fitness <em>in planta</em>. Acetylcholine serves as a nutritional source for <em>A. fabrum,</em> but not for <em>D. solani</em> and <em>D. dadantii</em>, and provides osmoprotective effects in all three phytopathogenic species. Plant-associated bacteria exhibit chemotaxis toward a diversity of key plant signals, and their ability to sense acetylcholine may represent an adaptive strategy to ensure efficient plant infection and manage osmotic stress. Our findings suggest potential co-evolutionary interactions between plants and their associated microbiomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"300 ","pages":"Article 128294"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144771408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of chick origin in introducing multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae into an organic broiler farm","authors":"Anna Maria Korves ,&nbsp;Büsra Sardogan ,&nbsp;Kathrin Oelgeschläger ,&nbsp;Tanja Skladnikiewicz-Ziemer ,&nbsp;Frauke Umbach ,&nbsp;Margret Krieger ,&nbsp;Matthias Flor ,&nbsp;Mirjam Grobbel ,&nbsp;Annemarie Käsbohrer ,&nbsp;Bernd-Alois Tenhagen ,&nbsp;Ulrike Binsker","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> occur in organic broiler production despite limited antimicrobial use. Their origin is not fully understood. This study characterized the genetic background and transmission dynamics of antimicrobial-resistant <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> from one German organic broiler farm throughout the fattening period. Four consecutive flocks were sampled five times each, from day-old chicks until slaughter age. Three isolates per bacterium were tested per sample using broth microdilution. In flocks 1–3 supplied by one hatchery, 37.8 % (17/45) of <em>E. coli</em> from non-selective medium showed MDR phenotypes from day-old chicks onwards, but no ESBL-producers were detected. Instead, MDR and ESBL-producing <em>K. pneumoniae</em> were isolated from selective medium in 73.3 % (11/15) of samples. Whole genome sequencing revealed clonal MDR and ESBL-producing <em>K. pneumoniae</em> harboring a conjugative IncFII/IncFIB resistance plasmid and belonging to ST307, an emerging high-risk clone in human medicine. MDR <em>E. coli</em> were genetically diverse, with distinct clusters of clonal MDR ST162 and ST57 <em>E. coli</em>. In flock 4, supplied by a different hatchery, no MDR or ESBL-producing <em>E. coli</em> and <em>K. pneumoniae</em> were detected. 66.7 % of <em>E. coli</em> and 100 % of <em>K. pneumoniae</em> were fully susceptible. These results demonstrate the impact of external sources, particularly chick origin, on introducing of resistant bacteria into organic broiler farms. Further research is needed to assess the prevalence and the genetic background of MDR and ESBL-producing <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> in organic breeder flocks and hatcheries to identify potential transmission events and improve prevention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 128291"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing roles of nitric oxide in tuberculosis: Promising targets for novel anti-TB therapeutics","authors":"Xinen Kong ,&nbsp;Jiayi Yang ,&nbsp;Jiajun Wang ,&nbsp;Jiaxiang Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoying Jin ,&nbsp;Jiali Cai ,&nbsp;Yongdui Ruan ,&nbsp;Ruihong Chen ,&nbsp;Ling Shen ,&nbsp;Jiang Pi","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128292","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128292","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tuberculosis (TB), a chronic zoonotic infectious disease caused by <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> (Mtb) infection, remains a major public health burden worldwide. The increasing threatens of multidrug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant TB, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection, lack of effective vaccines and diagnosis methods, as well as the low treatment efficacy of anti-TB therapeutics lead to multiple difficulties and challenges in TB control. Host immune defense is critical for the processes and outcome of Mtb infection control due to the complex immune evasion mechanisms of Mtb, thus, it’s of vital importance to characterize the host immune responses and mechanisms during Mtb infection. Nitric oxide (NO) has complex physiological functions in different conditions and has been shown to play important roles in the immune defenses against Mtb infection and even direct killings of Mtb, which still requires further systemic evaluations. In this review, we summarized the current understanding for the roles and mechanisms of NO in host defenses during Mtb infection, as well as the role of NO in the occurrence, development and treatment of TB, which may provide theoretical basis for the development of novel strategies in the prevention and control of TB and drug-resistant TB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"300 ","pages":"Article 128292"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144771407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbiota – indole-3-acetic acid axis in cancer: dual functions, mechanistic insights, and therapeutic potential","authors":"Lin Zhong ,&nbsp;Seenivasan Boopathi ,&nbsp;Bhagyalakshmi Purushothaman ,&nbsp;Qiang Tu ,&nbsp;Youming Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.micres.2025.128293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a gut microbial metabolite produced from dietary tryptophan, has a dual role in cancer, either promoting or suppressing tumor growth depending on its concentration and the cancer context. IAA can boost chemotherapy effectiveness by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), disrupting autophagy, and damaging cancer cells. It also activates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which promotes an immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) phenotype and reduces T-cell activity, aiding in tumor growth. Additionally, IAA engages the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), activating the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway to regulate cell growth and limit tumor proliferation. On the other hand, IAA offers protective effects by strengthening the intestinal barrier, reducing inflammation, and promoting Treg cell activity. IAA, recognized as a uremic toxin, can accumulate when clearance is impaired, leading to increased oxidative stress and inflammation that may further aggravate kidney disease and promote cancer development. This review highlights how gut microbes shape IAA levels in cancer patients, which vary widely between individuals. Unlike other tryptophan metabolites, IAA has a unique dual role in cancer, both promoting and suppressing tumors depending on the context. Understanding how microbes and the host environment influence IAA may open new paths for targeted cancer therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":18564,"journal":{"name":"Microbiological research","volume":"300 ","pages":"Article 128293"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144768779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}